埋地钢管在逆断层作用下失效模式研究
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摘要
穿越逆断层的埋地管道在断层错动过程中呈现的失效样式复杂多样,根据逆断层错动管道受力特征分为压缩屈曲失效、Euler梁失稳失效两种失效模式,但对两种失效出现的工况认知不足.在管道抗震计算中通常借用管道在走滑断层错动时的反应分析方法来估算管道在逆断层中的变形状况,避免梁式失稳靠满足一定的埋深来保障.本研究利用ANSYS通用有限元程序建立了钢制埋地管道地震反应的有限元模型,以分析逆断层作用下管道的失效模式.该模型适合分析逆断层倾角≤80°的情况.计算结果显示:逆断层倾角≤45°,管道发生屈曲失效,管道失效部位在管道与断层破裂线相交处.倾角在50—70°之间,管道存在两种失效可能:当断层垂直位错量在0.7—1.0m之间时,管道出现失稳失效;当位错量大,错动速度快时,管道在与断层破裂线相交处发生屈曲失效.倾角在75—80°之间,管道屈曲失效和失稳失效可能相伴发生,屈曲失效部位出现在两处:(1)管道在与断层破裂线相交处失效;(2)失稳隆起处发生弯折.
The failure types of the buried pipelines crossing reverse fault are complexity,but they can be divided into two kinds of failure mode by the characteristic of the fault dislocating:buckling failure and Euler beam buckling failure,and which kind of failure mode appeared under a certain earthquake is not known clearly.The analyzing methods of the pipe generally refer to the situation of the pipe crossing strike-slip fault,and to avoid the Euler beam buckling failure is depended on the modulating embedded depth.The failure modes of the steel pipes crossing reverse fault were analyzed by ANSYS finite element program in this paper.The model is suitable for the cases that the fault dip angles are ≤80°.The numerical results showed:when the angle ≤45°,buckling failure happened and the failure position was on the intersection of the fault fracture plane and the pipe;when the angle was between 50—70°,two different conditions were defined:if the vertical displacement of the fault was between 0.7—1.0m,the Euler beam buckling failure happened,or if the vertical displacement was large and the dislocating velocity of the fault was fast,the buckling failure happened.When the angle was between 75—80°,probablely both the buckling failure and the Euler beam buckling failure happened simultaneously,and two failure positions appeared:(1) on the intersection of the fault fracture plane and the pipe;(2) on the heaved position of pipe.
The failure types of the buried pipelines crossing reverse fault are complexity,but they can be divided into two kinds of failure mode by the characteristic of the fault dislocating:buckling failure and Euler beam buckling failure,and which kind of failure mode appeared under a certain earthquake is not known clearly.The analyzing methods of the pipe generally refer to the situation of the pipe crossing strike-slip fault,and to avoid the Euler beam buckling failure is depended on the modulating embedded depth.The failure modes of the steel pipes crossing reverse fault were analyzed by ANSYS finite element program in this paper.The model is suitable for the cases that the fault dip angles are ≤80°.The numerical results showed:when the angle ≤45°,buckling failure happened and the failure position was on the intersection of the fault fracture plane and the pipe;when the angle was between 50—70°,two different conditions were defined:if the vertical displacement of the fault was between 0.7—1.0m,the Euler beam buckling failure happened,or if the vertical displacement was large and the dislocating velocity of the fault was fast,the buckling failure happened.When the angle was between 75—80°,probablely both the buckling failure and the Euler beam buckling failure happened simultaneously,and two failure positions appeared:(1) on the intersection of the fault fracture plane and the pipe;(2) on the heaved position of pipe.
引文
[1]刘爱文.基于壳模型的埋地管线地震反应分析[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2002Liu Aiwen.Response analysis of a buried pipeline crossing the fault based on shell-model[D].Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,2002
[2]Howard J H.Recent deformation at Buena Vista Hills,California[J].American Journal of Science,1968,266(11):737-757
[3]McNorgan J D.Relieve seismic stresses locked in gas pipelines[C].Proceedings of the Second U S-Japan Workshop on Liquefaction,Large Ground Deformation and Their Effects on Lifelines.New York,MCEER Press,1989:363-369
[4]Newmark N M,Hall W J.Pipeline design to resist large fault displacement[R].Proc U S National Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1975:416-425
[5]Kennedy R P,Chow A W,William R A.Fault movement effects on buried oil pipeline[J].Transportation Engineering ASCE,1977,103:617-633
[6]王汝.王珞珈,王前信,等.地下管线的震害、抗震验算、设计与措施[M].北京:地震出版社,2007Wang Ruliang.Wang Luojia,Wang Qianxin,et al.Buried lifeline earthquake engineering and related researsh[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2007
[7]O'Rourke M J,Liu Xuejie.Response of buried pipelines subject to earthquake Effects[M].New York:MCEER Press,2000
[8]Marek P J,Daniels J H.Behavior of continuous crane rails[J].Journal of the Structural division,1971,97(ST4):1081-1095
[9]Hobs R E.Pipeline buckling caused by axial loads[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,1981,1(2):2-10
[10]Kyriakides S,Yun H D.Buckling of buried pipelines due to large ground movements[C].Earthquake Behavior and Safety of Oil and Gas Storage Facilities,Buried Pipelines and Equipment.ASME,New York,1983:140-150
[11]Ariman T,Lee B J.On beam mode of buckling of buried pipelines[C].Proceedings of the Second U.S-Japan Workshop on Liquefaction,Large Ground Deformation and Their Effects on Lifelines.New York,MCEER Press,1989:401-412
[12]Meyersohn W D.Analytical and design considerations for the seismic response of buried pipelines,thesis[D].Graduate School of Cornell University,1991
[13]Nelson I,Weidlinger P.Dynamic seismic analysis of long segmented lifelines[J].Trans ASME J Pressure Vessel Technol,1979:10-20
[14]Miyajima M,Kitaura M.Effects of liquefaction-induced ground movement on pipeline[C].Proceedings of the Second U.S-Japan Workshop on Liquefaction,Large Ground Deformation and Their Effects on Lifelines.New York,MCEER Press,1989:386-400
[15]Liang J W,He Y A.3D earthquake responses of buried pipelines through nonhomogeneous soil media[J].Journal of Tianjin University,1994:200-204
[16]李小军,侯春林,赵雷,等.考虑压缩失效时埋地管线跨断层的最佳交角研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2006,14(2):203-209Li Xiaojun,Hou Chunlin,Zhao Lei.Study on the best crossing angle between pipeline and fault considering compression failure of pipe[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2006,14(2):203-209
[17]赵雷,李小军,霍达.断层错动引发基岩上覆土层破裂问题[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,33(1):20-25Zhao Lei,Li Xiaojun,Huo Da.Problems of rupture process of overlaying soil due to fault dislocation of bedrock[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2007,33(1):20-25
[18]赵雷,李小军,霍达.数值模拟软夹层对基岩上覆土层破裂的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,33(3):289-292Zhao Lei,Li Xiaojun,Huo Da.Numerically simulate the response complexion of the overlaying soil with soft interlayer due to fault bedrock dislocation[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2007,33(3):289-292
[19]李小军,赵雷,李亚琦.断层错动引发基岩上覆土层破裂过程模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(S1):2703-2707Li Xiaojun,Zhao Lei,Li Yaqi.Simulation of earthquake fault induced rupture process of soil layers on bedrock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S1):2703-2707
[20]赵雷,李小军,赵纪生,等.断层上覆土层破裂对埋地管道的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2009,17(6):891-898Zhao Lei,Li Xiaojun,Zhao Jisheng,et al.Responses of buried pipeline crossing fault due to the overlaying soil rupture[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2009,17(6):891-898
[2]Howard J H.Recent deformation at Buena Vista Hills,California[J].American Journal of Science,1968,266(11):737-757
[3]McNorgan J D.Relieve seismic stresses locked in gas pipelines[C].Proceedings of the Second U S-Japan Workshop on Liquefaction,Large Ground Deformation and Their Effects on Lifelines.New York,MCEER Press,1989:363-369
[4]Newmark N M,Hall W J.Pipeline design to resist large fault displacement[R].Proc U S National Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1975:416-425
[5]Kennedy R P,Chow A W,William R A.Fault movement effects on buried oil pipeline[J].Transportation Engineering ASCE,1977,103:617-633
[6]王汝.王珞珈,王前信,等.地下管线的震害、抗震验算、设计与措施[M].北京:地震出版社,2007Wang Ruliang.Wang Luojia,Wang Qianxin,et al.Buried lifeline earthquake engineering and related researsh[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2007
[7]O'Rourke M J,Liu Xuejie.Response of buried pipelines subject to earthquake Effects[M].New York:MCEER Press,2000
[8]Marek P J,Daniels J H.Behavior of continuous crane rails[J].Journal of the Structural division,1971,97(ST4):1081-1095
[9]Hobs R E.Pipeline buckling caused by axial loads[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,1981,1(2):2-10
[10]Kyriakides S,Yun H D.Buckling of buried pipelines due to large ground movements[C].Earthquake Behavior and Safety of Oil and Gas Storage Facilities,Buried Pipelines and Equipment.ASME,New York,1983:140-150
[11]Ariman T,Lee B J.On beam mode of buckling of buried pipelines[C].Proceedings of the Second U.S-Japan Workshop on Liquefaction,Large Ground Deformation and Their Effects on Lifelines.New York,MCEER Press,1989:401-412
[12]Meyersohn W D.Analytical and design considerations for the seismic response of buried pipelines,thesis[D].Graduate School of Cornell University,1991
[13]Nelson I,Weidlinger P.Dynamic seismic analysis of long segmented lifelines[J].Trans ASME J Pressure Vessel Technol,1979:10-20
[14]Miyajima M,Kitaura M.Effects of liquefaction-induced ground movement on pipeline[C].Proceedings of the Second U.S-Japan Workshop on Liquefaction,Large Ground Deformation and Their Effects on Lifelines.New York,MCEER Press,1989:386-400
[15]Liang J W,He Y A.3D earthquake responses of buried pipelines through nonhomogeneous soil media[J].Journal of Tianjin University,1994:200-204
[16]李小军,侯春林,赵雷,等.考虑压缩失效时埋地管线跨断层的最佳交角研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2006,14(2):203-209Li Xiaojun,Hou Chunlin,Zhao Lei.Study on the best crossing angle between pipeline and fault considering compression failure of pipe[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2006,14(2):203-209
[17]赵雷,李小军,霍达.断层错动引发基岩上覆土层破裂问题[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,33(1):20-25Zhao Lei,Li Xiaojun,Huo Da.Problems of rupture process of overlaying soil due to fault dislocation of bedrock[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2007,33(1):20-25
[18]赵雷,李小军,霍达.数值模拟软夹层对基岩上覆土层破裂的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,33(3):289-292Zhao Lei,Li Xiaojun,Huo Da.Numerically simulate the response complexion of the overlaying soil with soft interlayer due to fault bedrock dislocation[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2007,33(3):289-292
[19]李小军,赵雷,李亚琦.断层错动引发基岩上覆土层破裂过程模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(S1):2703-2707Li Xiaojun,Zhao Lei,Li Yaqi.Simulation of earthquake fault induced rupture process of soil layers on bedrock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S1):2703-2707
[20]赵雷,李小军,赵纪生,等.断层上覆土层破裂对埋地管道的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2009,17(6):891-898Zhao Lei,Li Xiaojun,Zhao Jisheng,et al.Responses of buried pipeline crossing fault due to the overlaying soil rupture[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2009,17(6):891-898
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