莺歌海盆地中深层天然气勘探的关键问题及对策
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摘要
现阶段莺歌海盆地中深层天然气勘探面临3个关键问题:①强超压层系内天然气是否可以成藏;②中深层沉积体系复杂,优质储层分布规律不清;③储层评价和烃类检测技术遇到瓶颈,储层含气性不易识别。经深入分析近年中深层高温高压钻井和勘探实践,认为烃类气已在中深层聚集成藏,但储层物性较差,因此,寻找优质储层是当前天然气勘探取得突破的关键。策略上,一是要利用地震沉积学的方法和思路寻找有利相带,预测优质储层;二是要进行储层类比研究,充分认识储层内非均质性引起的物性变化,探索优质储层的分布规律;三是要以岩石物理研究为基础和桥梁,利用高精度三维地震资料尝试叠前地球物理反演研究,增强烃类检测的可靠性,提高气层预测的精度。
Three key problems confronted with the natural gas exploration of mid-deep strata in the Yinggehai Basin were discussed here: ①whether natural gas can accumulate in super-overpressure strata;②within a complicated sedimentary system of mid-deep strata,distributional disciplines for high-quality reservoirs are hard to be mastered;③reservoir evaluation and hydrocarbon detection techniques encounter a choke point to be improved,which in turn leads to difficulties of gas identification in reservoirs.Drilling and prospecting practice in high-temperature and high-pressure mid-deep strata in recent years demonstrated that gaseous hydrocarbons could have accumulated in mid-deep strata,where,however,reservoirs developed with poor porosity and permeability.Therefore,the key to the success of natural gas exploration in these strata is to find high-quality reservoirs.Strategically,a couple of policies gaining access to the success of natural gas exploration were proposed as follows: firstly,to look for payable facies belts and predict good reservoirs by using approaches of seismic sedimentology;secondly,to fully understand variations in physical properties caused by heterogeneity in reservoirs and search for distributional disciplines of good reservoirs by analogy with various reservoirs;and thirdly,to use high-precision 3D seismic data to try prestack inversion on the basis of petrophysical studies so as to improve the reliability of hydrocarbon detection and the precision of gas reservoir prediction.
Three key problems confronted with the natural gas exploration of mid-deep strata in the Yinggehai Basin were discussed here: ①whether natural gas can accumulate in super-overpressure strata;②within a complicated sedimentary system of mid-deep strata,distributional disciplines for high-quality reservoirs are hard to be mastered;③reservoir evaluation and hydrocarbon detection techniques encounter a choke point to be improved,which in turn leads to difficulties of gas identification in reservoirs.Drilling and prospecting practice in high-temperature and high-pressure mid-deep strata in recent years demonstrated that gaseous hydrocarbons could have accumulated in mid-deep strata,where,however,reservoirs developed with poor porosity and permeability.Therefore,the key to the success of natural gas exploration in these strata is to find high-quality reservoirs.Strategically,a couple of policies gaining access to the success of natural gas exploration were proposed as follows: firstly,to look for payable facies belts and predict good reservoirs by using approaches of seismic sedimentology;secondly,to fully understand variations in physical properties caused by heterogeneity in reservoirs and search for distributional disciplines of good reservoirs by analogy with various reservoirs;and thirdly,to use high-precision 3D seismic data to try prestack inversion on the basis of petrophysical studies so as to improve the reliability of hydrocarbon detection and the precision of gas reservoir prediction.
引文
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[14]李忠,费卫红,寿建峰,等.华北东濮凹陷异常高压与流体活动及其对储集砂岩成岩作用的制约[J].地质学报,2003,27(1):126-134.Li Zhong,Fei Weihong,Shou Jianfeng,et al.Overpressure andfluid flow in the Dongpu Depression,North China:Their con-straints on diagenesis of reservoir sandstomes[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2003,27(1):126-134.
[15]王兴玲,代莉,韩德辉,等.高压异常与油气成藏的关系浅析[J].河南石油,2002,16(2):19-21.Wang Xingling,Dai Li,Han Dehui,et al.Simply discussing rela-tionship between high pressure and oil and gas bedding[J].Henan Petroleum,2002,16(2):19-21.
[16]王辉.沉积盆地异常流体高压与相关的孔隙度和应力状态[J].西北油气勘探与开发,1997(2):64-70.Wang Hui.Abnormal fluid high pressure and relative porosityand stress manners in sedimentary basins[J].Xibei Oil and GasExploration and Exploit,1997(2):64-70.
[17]解习农,李思田,胡祥云,等.莺歌海盆地底辟带热流体疏导系统及其成因机制[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,1999,29(3):247-256.Xie Xinong,Li Sitian,Hu Xiangyun,et al.Conduit system andformation mechanism of heat fluids in diapitic belt of YinggehaiBasin,China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,1999,42(6):561-571.
[18]郝芳,李思田,龚再升,等.莺歌海盆地底辟发育机理与流体幕式充注[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31(6):471-476.Hao Fang,Li Sitian,Gong Zaisheng,et al.Developing mechanismand phase filling of diapir in Yinggehai Basin[J].Science in Chi-na Series D:Earth Sciences,2001,31(6):471-476.
[19]张树林,夏斌,童传新.DF1-1构造中深层天然气藏地质特征及成藏模式[J].断块油气田,2004,11(6):15-19.Zhang Shulin,Xia Bin,Tong Chuanxin.The mid-depth gas reser-voir geological characters and hydrocarbon accumulation mode ofDF1-1structure in Yinggehai Basin[J].Fault-block Oil&GasField,2004,11(6):15-19.
[20]Zeng H L,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,partⅡ:Real3-Dseismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[21]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-72.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concept of seis-mic sedimentology and its preliminary application[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-72.
[22]李祥权,苏明,张建新,等.三维地震技术在地质研究方面的应用[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):553-557.Li Xiangquan,Su Ming,Zhang Jianxin,et al.Application of3Dseismic technique in geology study[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(4):553-557.
[2]郭令智,钟志洪,王良书,等.莺歌海盆地周边区域构造演化[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(1):1-12.Guo Lingzhi,Zhong Zhihong,Wang Liangshu,et al.Regional tec-tonic evolution around Yinggehai basin of South China Sea[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2001,7(1):1-12.
[3]郝芳,董伟良,邹华耀,等.莺歌海盆地汇聚型超压流体流动及天然气晚期快速成藏[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):79-85.Hao Fang,Dong Weiliang,Zou Huayao,et al.Overpressure fluidflow and rapid accumulation of natural gas in Yinggehai Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(6):79-85.
[4]王振峰,胡代圣.莺歌海盆地中央泥拱构造带大气田勘探方向[J].天然气工业,1999,19(1):28-30.Wang Zhenfeng,Hu Daisheng.Prospecting for grand gas fields inthe central mud diapir structure belt in Yinggehai Basin[J].Nat-ural Gas Industry,1999,19(1):28-30.
[5]龚再升.中国近海新生代盆地至今仍是油气成藏的活跃期[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):1-6.Gong Zaisheng.Cenozoic China offshore basins keeping activehydrocarbon accumulation to present[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(6):1-6.
[6]王华,朱伟林,王彦.莺歌海盆地充填史及中—深层储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(1):55-57.Wang Hua,Zhu Weilin,Wang Yan.Characteristics of medium-deep reservoir and sedimentary history in Yinggehai Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1999,20(1):55-57.
[7]朱伟林,张功成,高乐.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):1-9.Zhu Weilin,Zhang Gongcheng,Gao Le.Geological characteristicsand exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in the northern conti-nental margin basin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):1-9.
[8]刘全稳,何家雄,陈国民.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气成藏特征[J].天然气工业,2005,25(9):1-3.Liu Quanwen,He Jiaxiong,Chen Guomin.Gas reservoir charac-teristics of the medium-deep strata in Yinggehai Basin[J].Natu-ral Gas Industry,2005,25(9):1-3.
[9]何家雄,夏斌,刘宝明,等.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气成藏条件分析及其与浅层成藏条件的比较[J].地质通报,2005,24(1):9-15.He Jiaxiong,Xia Bin,Liu Baoming,et al.Analysis of conditionsof formation of middle-and deep-level gas accumulations in theYinggehai Basin,west of Hainan Island and their comparisonwith those of shallow-level accumulations[J].Geological Bulletinof China,2005,24(1):9-15.
[10]刘秉璋.关于异常高压油田[J].中原油气,1993,1:35-40.Liu Bingzhang.About overpressure oilfield[J].Zhongyuan Petro-leum,1993,1:35-40.
[11]陈中红,查明,曲江秀.沉积盆地超压体系油气成藏条件及机理[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(2):97-102.Chen Zhonghong,Zha Ming,Qu Jiangxiu.Conditions and mecha-nism of hydrocarbon accumulation in overpressured systems insedimentary basins[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(2):97-102.
[12]McTavish R A.The role of overpressure in the retardation of or-ganic matter maturation[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1998,21:153-186.
[13]Fouch T D,Nuccio V F,Ander D E,et al.Green river petroleumsystem,Unita Basin,Utah,USA[G]∥Magoon L B,Dow W G.The petroleum system:From source to trap.AAPG Memoir60,1994:398-421.
[14]李忠,费卫红,寿建峰,等.华北东濮凹陷异常高压与流体活动及其对储集砂岩成岩作用的制约[J].地质学报,2003,27(1):126-134.Li Zhong,Fei Weihong,Shou Jianfeng,et al.Overpressure andfluid flow in the Dongpu Depression,North China:Their con-straints on diagenesis of reservoir sandstomes[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2003,27(1):126-134.
[15]王兴玲,代莉,韩德辉,等.高压异常与油气成藏的关系浅析[J].河南石油,2002,16(2):19-21.Wang Xingling,Dai Li,Han Dehui,et al.Simply discussing rela-tionship between high pressure and oil and gas bedding[J].Henan Petroleum,2002,16(2):19-21.
[16]王辉.沉积盆地异常流体高压与相关的孔隙度和应力状态[J].西北油气勘探与开发,1997(2):64-70.Wang Hui.Abnormal fluid high pressure and relative porosityand stress manners in sedimentary basins[J].Xibei Oil and GasExploration and Exploit,1997(2):64-70.
[17]解习农,李思田,胡祥云,等.莺歌海盆地底辟带热流体疏导系统及其成因机制[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,1999,29(3):247-256.Xie Xinong,Li Sitian,Hu Xiangyun,et al.Conduit system andformation mechanism of heat fluids in diapitic belt of YinggehaiBasin,China[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,1999,42(6):561-571.
[18]郝芳,李思田,龚再升,等.莺歌海盆地底辟发育机理与流体幕式充注[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2001,31(6):471-476.Hao Fang,Li Sitian,Gong Zaisheng,et al.Developing mechanismand phase filling of diapir in Yinggehai Basin[J].Science in Chi-na Series D:Earth Sciences,2001,31(6):471-476.
[19]张树林,夏斌,童传新.DF1-1构造中深层天然气藏地质特征及成藏模式[J].断块油气田,2004,11(6):15-19.Zhang Shulin,Xia Bin,Tong Chuanxin.The mid-depth gas reser-voir geological characters and hydrocarbon accumulation mode ofDF1-1structure in Yinggehai Basin[J].Fault-block Oil&GasField,2004,11(6):15-19.
[20]Zeng H L,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,partⅡ:Real3-Dseismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[21]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-72.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concept of seis-mic sedimentology and its preliminary application[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-72.
[22]李祥权,苏明,张建新,等.三维地震技术在地质研究方面的应用[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):553-557.Li Xiangquan,Su Ming,Zhang Jianxin,et al.Application of3Dseismic technique in geology study[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(4):553-557.
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