正常曲流河道与深水弯曲水道的特征及异同点
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摘要
深水弯曲水道是深水扇的重要组成部分,又是深水油气勘探、评价与开发过程中十分复杂且备受重视的储集体。近10年来,随着高分辨率三维地震数据的应用、现代深海调查、古代露头以及实验流体数值模拟的研究,在深水水道沉积体认识方面不断有新进展和新发现,陆续在西非、巴西和墨西哥湾等地发现了大型深水油气田。简述了正常曲流河道与深水弯曲水道两种沉积环境在形成背景、岩性特征、成因机制、地震响应特征(外部形态与内部结构)、沉积充填演化以及流体流变学特征等方面的异同点。
The deep-water exploration of oil and gas has become a focus of the exploration and development for oil and gas around the world,also the inevitable tendency of the hydrocarbon industry in future.However,the deep-water sinuous channels are very complex,important and valuable reservoirs in the exploration,appraisal and development.With the researches on the high-resolution 3D seismic data of subsurface,the modern deep-water surveys,ancient outcrops and numerical simulation in the last decade,new advances and discoveries are made in the knowledge of deep-water sinuous channels,and some giant oil and gas fields are found in West Africa,Brazil,Gulf of Mexico.There are differences and similarities between fluvial and deep-water sinuous channels about backgroud,lithology,genetic mechanism,sesimic reflection(external and internal character),deposit-fill evolution and flow rheological properties et al.
The deep-water exploration of oil and gas has become a focus of the exploration and development for oil and gas around the world,also the inevitable tendency of the hydrocarbon industry in future.However,the deep-water sinuous channels are very complex,important and valuable reservoirs in the exploration,appraisal and development.With the researches on the high-resolution 3D seismic data of subsurface,the modern deep-water surveys,ancient outcrops and numerical simulation in the last decade,new advances and discoveries are made in the knowledge of deep-water sinuous channels,and some giant oil and gas fields are found in West Africa,Brazil,Gulf of Mexico.There are differences and similarities between fluvial and deep-water sinuous channels about backgroud,lithology,genetic mechanism,sesimic reflection(external and internal character),deposit-fill evolution and flow rheological properties et al.
引文
[1]何家雄,夏斌,施小斌,等.世界深水油气勘探进展与南海深水油气勘探前景[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(6):747-806.
[2]Stow D A V.Deep-water sedimentary systems:New modelsfor the 21Century[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:125-135.
[3]赵政璋,赵贤正,李景明,等.国外海洋深水油气勘探发展趋势及启示[J].勘探论坛,2005(6):71-77.
[4]吴时国,袁圣强.世界深水油气勘探进展与我国南海深水油气前景[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(6):693-714.
[5]Wynn R B,Cronin B T,Peakall J.Sinuous deep-water chan-nels:Genesis,geometry and architecture[J].Marine and Pe-troleum Geology,2007,24:341-387.
[6]Mayall M,Jones E,Casey M.Turbidite channel reservoirs-keyelements in facies prediction and effective development[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23:821-841.
[7]Babonneau N,Savoye B,Cremer M,et al.Sedimentary ar-chitecutre in meanders of a submarine channel:Detailed studyof the present Congo turbidite channel(Zaiango project)[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2010,80:852-866.
[8]Bouma A H.In sedimentology of some flysch deposits:Agraphic approach to facies interpretation[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1962.
[9]Walker R G.Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient subma-rine fans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps[J].AAPG Bulletin,1978,62:932-966.
[10]Walker R G.Facies,facies models,and modern stratigraphicconcepts[M]∥Walker R G,James N P.Facies models:Re-sponse to sea level change.[S.l.]:Geological Association ofCanada,1992:9-19,73-87.
[11]Normark W R.Fan valleys,channels,and depositional lobeson modern submarine fans:Chatacters for recognition of sandyturbidite environments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1978,62:912-931.
[12]Lowe D R.Sediment gravity flows:Ⅱ.Depositional modelswith special reference to the deposits of high-density turbiditycurrents[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1982,52:279-297.
[13]Mutti E,Normark W R.Comparing examples of modern andancient turbidite systems:Problems and concepts[M]∥Leg-gett J R,Zuffa G G.Marine clastic sedimentology:Conceptsand case studies.London:[s.n.],1987:1-37.
[14]庞雄,陈长民,朱明,等.深水沉积研究前缘问题[J].地质论评,2007,53(1):36-43.
[15]Abreu V,Sullivan M,Pirmez C,et al.Lateral accretion pack-ages(LAPs):An important reservoir element in deep-watersinuous channels[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:631-648.
[16]Kolla V,Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Deep-water and fluvialsinuous channels:Characteristics,similarities and dissimilari-ties,and modes of formation[J].Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,2007,24:388-405.
[17]Kolla V.A review of sinuous channel avulsion patterns insome major deep-sea fans and factors controlling them[J].Ma-rine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:450-469.
[18]袁圣强,曹锋,吴时国,等.南海北部陆坡深水曲流水道的识别及成因[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):68-75.
[19]袁圣强,吴时国,姚根顺.琼东南陆坡深水水道主控因素及勘探应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(2):61-66.
[20]Peakall J,McCaffrey W D,Kneller B C.A process model forthe evolution,morphology,and architecture of sinuous sub-marine channels[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70:434-448.
[21]Peakall J,Ashworth P J,Best J L.Meander-bend evolution,alluvial architecture,and the role of cohesion in sinuous riverchannels:A flume study[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77:197-212.
[22]Peakall J,Amos K J,Keevil G M,et al.Flow processes andsedimentation in submarine channels bends[J].Marine andPetroleum Geology,2007,24:470-486.
[23]Corney R K T,Peakall J,Parsons D R,et al.The orientationof helical flow in curved channels[J].Sedimentology,2006,53:249-257.
[24]Clark J D,Pickering K T.Submarine channels:Processes andarchitecture[M].London:Vallis Press,1996.
[25]Clark J D,Pickering K T.Architectural elements and growthpatterns of submarine channels:Application to hydrocarbonexploration[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80:194-221.
[26]Babonneau N,Savoye B,Cremer M,et al.Morphology andarchitecture of the present canyon and channel system of theZaire deep-sea fan[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2002,19:445-467.
[27]Miall A D.Architectural-element analysis:A new method offacies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth Science Re-view,1985,22:261-308.
[28]Miall A D.The geology of fluvial deposits:Sedimentary faci-es,basin analysis and petroleum geology[M].Hedberg:Springer,1996.
[29]薛培华.河流点坝相储层模式概论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991.
[30]王随继,倪晋仁,王光谦,等.河流沉积学研究进展及发展趋势[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2000,8(4):362-369.
[31]张昌民,张尚锋,李少华,等.中国河流沉积研究20年[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):183-192.
[32]裘怿楠.油田地质研究的几个基本问题[C]∥裘怿楠.石油开发地质文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[33]于兴河.油气储层表征与随机建模的发展历程及展望[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):1-15.
[34]吴胜和,岳大力,刘建民,等.地下古河道储层构型的层次建模研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(增刊I):111-121.
[35]岳大力,吴胜和,刘建民,等.曲流河点坝地下储层构型精细解剖方法[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):99-103.
[36]王健,徐守余,仲维苹.曲流相储层隔夹层成因及其分布特征[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(4):84-88.
[37]Miall A D.Architecture and sequence stratigraphy of Pleisto-cene fluvial systems in the Malay Basin,based on seismic time-slice analysis[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86:1201-1216.
[38]Carter D C.3-D seismic geomorphology:Insights into fluvialreservoir deposition and performance,Widuri field,Java Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87:909-934.
[39]Catuneanua O.Principles of sequence stratigraphy[M].[S.l.]:Elsevier,2006:246-253.
[40]Kane I A,Kneller B C,Dykstra M,et al.Anatomy of a sub-marine channel-levee:An example from Upper Cretaceousslope sediments,Rosario Formation,Baja California,Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:540-563.
[41]Dartnell P,Normark W R,Babcock N W,et al.MultibeamBathymetry and selected perspective views offshore San Diego,California[EB/OL].(2007-11-28)[2010-12-10].http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2959.
[42]Posamentier H W,Kolla V.Seismic geomorphology and stra-tigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73:367-388.
[43]Mayall M,O′Byrne C.Reservoir prediction and developmentchallenges in turbidite slope channels[C]∥Anon.OffshoreTechnology Conference.OTC Paper 14029.Houston:[s.n.],2002.
[44]Sprague A R,Patterson P E,Hill R E,et al.The physicalstratigraphy of fluvial strata:A hierarchical approach to the a-nalysis of genetically related stratigraphic elements for im-proved reservoir prediction[C]∥Anon.(Abstract)AAPGAnnual Meeting.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2002.
[45]Hampton B D,Thomas V W,Robert C.From euphoria to re-ality:One operator′s experience with reservoir performance inthe deepwater gulf of mexico,connectivity and performance ofdeepwater reservoirs(SEPM)[C]∥Anon.AAPG Annual Con-vention.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006.
[46]蒋恕,王华,Weimer P.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2008,33(6):825-834.
[47]Haughton P.Principal architectural elements of deepwatersystems[EB/OL].(2009-01-19)[2010-12-10].http:∥sepm-strata.org/deepwater/deepwaterclastic Architecture.html.
[48]Mayall M,Lonergan L,Bowman A,et al.The response ofturbidite slope channels to growth-induced seabed topography[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94:1011-1030.
[49]Cross N E,Cunningham A,Cook R J,et al.Three-dimen-sional seismic geomorphology of a deep-water slope-channelsystem:The Sequoia field,offshore west Nile Delta,Egypt[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93:1063-1086.
[50]于兴河,李胜利.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学的发展历程与热点问题思考[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):880-895.
[51]Kolla V,Bourges P,Urruty J-M,et al.Evolution of deep-wa-ter sinuous channels offshore Angola(west Africa)and impli-cations for reservoir architecture[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85:1373-1405.
[2]Stow D A V.Deep-water sedimentary systems:New modelsfor the 21Century[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:125-135.
[3]赵政璋,赵贤正,李景明,等.国外海洋深水油气勘探发展趋势及启示[J].勘探论坛,2005(6):71-77.
[4]吴时国,袁圣强.世界深水油气勘探进展与我国南海深水油气前景[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(6):693-714.
[5]Wynn R B,Cronin B T,Peakall J.Sinuous deep-water chan-nels:Genesis,geometry and architecture[J].Marine and Pe-troleum Geology,2007,24:341-387.
[6]Mayall M,Jones E,Casey M.Turbidite channel reservoirs-keyelements in facies prediction and effective development[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23:821-841.
[7]Babonneau N,Savoye B,Cremer M,et al.Sedimentary ar-chitecutre in meanders of a submarine channel:Detailed studyof the present Congo turbidite channel(Zaiango project)[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2010,80:852-866.
[8]Bouma A H.In sedimentology of some flysch deposits:Agraphic approach to facies interpretation[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1962.
[9]Walker R G.Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient subma-rine fans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps[J].AAPG Bulletin,1978,62:932-966.
[10]Walker R G.Facies,facies models,and modern stratigraphicconcepts[M]∥Walker R G,James N P.Facies models:Re-sponse to sea level change.[S.l.]:Geological Association ofCanada,1992:9-19,73-87.
[11]Normark W R.Fan valleys,channels,and depositional lobeson modern submarine fans:Chatacters for recognition of sandyturbidite environments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1978,62:912-931.
[12]Lowe D R.Sediment gravity flows:Ⅱ.Depositional modelswith special reference to the deposits of high-density turbiditycurrents[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1982,52:279-297.
[13]Mutti E,Normark W R.Comparing examples of modern andancient turbidite systems:Problems and concepts[M]∥Leg-gett J R,Zuffa G G.Marine clastic sedimentology:Conceptsand case studies.London:[s.n.],1987:1-37.
[14]庞雄,陈长民,朱明,等.深水沉积研究前缘问题[J].地质论评,2007,53(1):36-43.
[15]Abreu V,Sullivan M,Pirmez C,et al.Lateral accretion pack-ages(LAPs):An important reservoir element in deep-watersinuous channels[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:631-648.
[16]Kolla V,Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Deep-water and fluvialsinuous channels:Characteristics,similarities and dissimilari-ties,and modes of formation[J].Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,2007,24:388-405.
[17]Kolla V.A review of sinuous channel avulsion patterns insome major deep-sea fans and factors controlling them[J].Ma-rine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:450-469.
[18]袁圣强,曹锋,吴时国,等.南海北部陆坡深水曲流水道的识别及成因[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):68-75.
[19]袁圣强,吴时国,姚根顺.琼东南陆坡深水水道主控因素及勘探应用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(2):61-66.
[20]Peakall J,McCaffrey W D,Kneller B C.A process model forthe evolution,morphology,and architecture of sinuous sub-marine channels[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70:434-448.
[21]Peakall J,Ashworth P J,Best J L.Meander-bend evolution,alluvial architecture,and the role of cohesion in sinuous riverchannels:A flume study[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77:197-212.
[22]Peakall J,Amos K J,Keevil G M,et al.Flow processes andsedimentation in submarine channels bends[J].Marine andPetroleum Geology,2007,24:470-486.
[23]Corney R K T,Peakall J,Parsons D R,et al.The orientationof helical flow in curved channels[J].Sedimentology,2006,53:249-257.
[24]Clark J D,Pickering K T.Submarine channels:Processes andarchitecture[M].London:Vallis Press,1996.
[25]Clark J D,Pickering K T.Architectural elements and growthpatterns of submarine channels:Application to hydrocarbonexploration[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80:194-221.
[26]Babonneau N,Savoye B,Cremer M,et al.Morphology andarchitecture of the present canyon and channel system of theZaire deep-sea fan[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2002,19:445-467.
[27]Miall A D.Architectural-element analysis:A new method offacies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth Science Re-view,1985,22:261-308.
[28]Miall A D.The geology of fluvial deposits:Sedimentary faci-es,basin analysis and petroleum geology[M].Hedberg:Springer,1996.
[29]薛培华.河流点坝相储层模式概论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991.
[30]王随继,倪晋仁,王光谦,等.河流沉积学研究进展及发展趋势[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2000,8(4):362-369.
[31]张昌民,张尚锋,李少华,等.中国河流沉积研究20年[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):183-192.
[32]裘怿楠.油田地质研究的几个基本问题[C]∥裘怿楠.石油开发地质文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[33]于兴河.油气储层表征与随机建模的发展历程及展望[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):1-15.
[34]吴胜和,岳大力,刘建民,等.地下古河道储层构型的层次建模研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(增刊I):111-121.
[35]岳大力,吴胜和,刘建民,等.曲流河点坝地下储层构型精细解剖方法[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):99-103.
[36]王健,徐守余,仲维苹.曲流相储层隔夹层成因及其分布特征[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(4):84-88.
[37]Miall A D.Architecture and sequence stratigraphy of Pleisto-cene fluvial systems in the Malay Basin,based on seismic time-slice analysis[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86:1201-1216.
[38]Carter D C.3-D seismic geomorphology:Insights into fluvialreservoir deposition and performance,Widuri field,Java Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87:909-934.
[39]Catuneanua O.Principles of sequence stratigraphy[M].[S.l.]:Elsevier,2006:246-253.
[40]Kane I A,Kneller B C,Dykstra M,et al.Anatomy of a sub-marine channel-levee:An example from Upper Cretaceousslope sediments,Rosario Formation,Baja California,Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:540-563.
[41]Dartnell P,Normark W R,Babcock N W,et al.MultibeamBathymetry and selected perspective views offshore San Diego,California[EB/OL].(2007-11-28)[2010-12-10].http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2959.
[42]Posamentier H W,Kolla V.Seismic geomorphology and stra-tigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2003,73:367-388.
[43]Mayall M,O′Byrne C.Reservoir prediction and developmentchallenges in turbidite slope channels[C]∥Anon.OffshoreTechnology Conference.OTC Paper 14029.Houston:[s.n.],2002.
[44]Sprague A R,Patterson P E,Hill R E,et al.The physicalstratigraphy of fluvial strata:A hierarchical approach to the a-nalysis of genetically related stratigraphic elements for im-proved reservoir prediction[C]∥Anon.(Abstract)AAPGAnnual Meeting.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2002.
[45]Hampton B D,Thomas V W,Robert C.From euphoria to re-ality:One operator′s experience with reservoir performance inthe deepwater gulf of mexico,connectivity and performance ofdeepwater reservoirs(SEPM)[C]∥Anon.AAPG Annual Con-vention.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006.
[46]蒋恕,王华,Weimer P.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2008,33(6):825-834.
[47]Haughton P.Principal architectural elements of deepwatersystems[EB/OL].(2009-01-19)[2010-12-10].http:∥sepm-strata.org/deepwater/deepwaterclastic Architecture.html.
[48]Mayall M,Lonergan L,Bowman A,et al.The response ofturbidite slope channels to growth-induced seabed topography[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94:1011-1030.
[49]Cross N E,Cunningham A,Cook R J,et al.Three-dimen-sional seismic geomorphology of a deep-water slope-channelsystem:The Sequoia field,offshore west Nile Delta,Egypt[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93:1063-1086.
[50]于兴河,李胜利.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学的发展历程与热点问题思考[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):880-895.
[51]Kolla V,Bourges P,Urruty J-M,et al.Evolution of deep-wa-ter sinuous channels offshore Angola(west Africa)and impli-cations for reservoir architecture[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85:1373-1405.
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