地震沉积学的内涵及其在陆相断陷盆地中的应用
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摘要
地震沉积学是继地震地层学、层序地层学之后的一门新的交叉边缘学科,是进行沉积体系研究和储层预测的有效工具,其在碳酸盐岩油气勘探开发中取得了明显效果,但在陆相断陷盆地中应用较少。以南堡凹陷高分辨率的地震资料、丰富的测井及地质资料为基础,结合滦平扇三角洲野外露头,运用地震沉积学的研究方法,在高精度层序地层格架及沉积体系特征研究的基础上,建立了陆相盆地扇三角洲三维地质模型,并在南堡凹陷东营组识别出1个二级层序、4个三级层序、最大洪泛面以及初始洪泛面,进一步将三级层序划分为高位体系域、湖扩体系域及低位体系域。其中,高位体系域砂体规模大,是最为有利的储层发育段,低位体系域砂体规模较小,与湖扩体系域泥岩相互配置,形成良好的储盖组合。根据高柳断层下降盘构造背景,以野外露头地质建模与井-震标定互动反馈为基本思路进行研究,认为该地区主要为扇三角洲沉积体系,并发育多个分流河道,河道间充填相对稳定的薄层滨浅湖泥。
Seismic sedimentology is a new marginal interdisciplinary subject following seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy.It is superior in the research of depositional systems and reservoir prediction and has obtained obvious results in carbonate oil and gas exploration.But there is few application in continental rift basin.With the help of high resolution seismic data,abundant log data and geological data,combined with Luanping field outcrops,guided by seismic sedimentology theory,a 3D geological model of fan delta was established based on the research of high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary system in Nanpu Depression.The framework includes one second-order sequence unit and four third-order sequence units in Dongying Formation.The third-order sequence units can be divided into highstand system tracts,transgressive system tracts and lowstand system tracts by the maximum flooding surfaces and the first flooding surfaces.The sand bodies are large of scale in highstand system tracts,which are the most favorable reservoir;while they are smaller relatively in lowstand system tracts,forming good reservoir-cap assemblages with shales in transgressive system tracts.According to the structural setting and the three-dimentional geological model,guided by seismic sedimentology theory and research thought of well-seismic mutual feedback,it is considered that fan delta system is the main depositional system which is forming by several distributary channels,and thin layer lacustrine mudstone deposits between underwater distributary of channels.
Seismic sedimentology is a new marginal interdisciplinary subject following seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy.It is superior in the research of depositional systems and reservoir prediction and has obtained obvious results in carbonate oil and gas exploration.But there is few application in continental rift basin.With the help of high resolution seismic data,abundant log data and geological data,combined with Luanping field outcrops,guided by seismic sedimentology theory,a 3D geological model of fan delta was established based on the research of high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary system in Nanpu Depression.The framework includes one second-order sequence unit and four third-order sequence units in Dongying Formation.The third-order sequence units can be divided into highstand system tracts,transgressive system tracts and lowstand system tracts by the maximum flooding surfaces and the first flooding surfaces.The sand bodies are large of scale in highstand system tracts,which are the most favorable reservoir;while they are smaller relatively in lowstand system tracts,forming good reservoir-cap assemblages with shales in transgressive system tracts.According to the structural setting and the three-dimentional geological model,guided by seismic sedimentology theory and research thought of well-seismic mutual feedback,it is considered that fan delta system is the main depositional system which is forming by several distributary channels,and thin layer lacustrine mudstone deposits between underwater distributary of channels.
引文
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[15]郑红菊,董月霞,王旭东,等.渤海湾盆地南堡富油气凹陷烃源岩的形成及其特征[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(1):78-83.
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[17]贾齐山,李胜利,马乾,等.冀东油田南堡凹陷南堡2号构造带烃源岩地球化学特征与油源对比[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(4):469-475.
[18]李思田,潘元林,陆永潮,等.断陷湖盆隐蔽油藏预测及探勘的关键技术——高精度地震勘探预测基础上的层序地层学研究[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):592598.
[19]胡明卿,刘少锋.高柳地区东营组岩性地层油藏层序约束储层预测[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):104-108.
[20]管红,朱筱敏.南堡凹陷东营组层序地层格架与沉积体系[J].沉积学报,2008,26(5):730-736.
[21]李祯祥.少井地区沉积体系研究[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(4):38-42.
[22]代黎明,李建平,周心怀,等.渤海海域新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系分析[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(4):75-81.
[23]Fisher W I,McGowen J H.Depositional systems in the Wilcox Group of Texas and their relationship to occurrence of oil and gas[J].Transaction of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies,1967,17:105-125.
[24]张英利,渠洪杰,孟庆任.燕山构造带滦平早白垩世盆地沉积过程和演化[J].岩石学报,2007,23(3):667-678.
[2]刘化清,卫平生,李相博,等.对地震沉积学理论创新的认识[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):7-12.
[3]黄捍东,曹学虎,罗群.地震沉积学在生物礁滩预测中的应用——以川东褶皱带建南—龙驹坝地区为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):629-636.
[4]蒋韧,樊太亮,徐守礼.地震地貌学概念与分析技术[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(1):33-38.
[5]卫生平,李相博,雍学善,等.石油地震地质学若干问题探讨[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(3):1-6.
[6]余晓华,洪克岩.地震沉积学在G区沉积微相分析中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(5):175-179.
[7]李全,林畅松,吴伟,等.地震沉积学方法在确定沉积相边界方面的应用[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(4):50-55.
[8]Zeng Hongliu,Ambrose W A.Seismic sedimentology and regional depositional systems in Mioceno Norte,Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(11):260-269.
[9]董艳蕾,朱筱敏,曾洪流,等.歧南凹陷地震沉积学研究[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(4):7-12.
[10]刘保国,刘力辉.实用地震沉积学在沉积相分析中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):266-271.
[11]李斌,宋岩,何玉萍,等.地震沉积学探讨及应用[J].地质学报,2009,83(6):820-826.
[12]Schlager W.The future of applied sedimentary geology[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70(1):2-9.
[13]Eberli G P,Masaferro J L,Sarg J F R.Seismic imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems[G].AAPG Memoir81,2004:1-376.
[14]刘延莉,邱春光,邓宏文,等.冀东南堡凹陷古近系东营组构造对扇三角洲的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):95-101.
[15]郑红菊,董月霞,王旭东,等.渤海湾盆地南堡富油气凹陷烃源岩的形成及其特征[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(1):78-83.
[16]张振英,邵龙义,柳广弟,等.南堡凹陷无井探区烃源岩评价研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(8):64-67.
[17]贾齐山,李胜利,马乾,等.冀东油田南堡凹陷南堡2号构造带烃源岩地球化学特征与油源对比[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(4):469-475.
[18]李思田,潘元林,陆永潮,等.断陷湖盆隐蔽油藏预测及探勘的关键技术——高精度地震勘探预测基础上的层序地层学研究[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):592598.
[19]胡明卿,刘少锋.高柳地区东营组岩性地层油藏层序约束储层预测[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):104-108.
[20]管红,朱筱敏.南堡凹陷东营组层序地层格架与沉积体系[J].沉积学报,2008,26(5):730-736.
[21]李祯祥.少井地区沉积体系研究[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(4):38-42.
[22]代黎明,李建平,周心怀,等.渤海海域新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系分析[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(4):75-81.
[23]Fisher W I,McGowen J H.Depositional systems in the Wilcox Group of Texas and their relationship to occurrence of oil and gas[J].Transaction of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies,1967,17:105-125.
[24]张英利,渠洪杰,孟庆任.燕山构造带滦平早白垩世盆地沉积过程和演化[J].岩石学报,2007,23(3):667-678.
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