川中地区中二叠统构造热液白云岩的发现及其勘探意义
摘要
综合地震资料解释、岩石矿物学观察以及地球化学分析结果,认为四川盆地中部中二叠统栖霞组、茅口组白云岩为构造热液白云石化成因,具有以下典型特征:①白云岩单层厚度较大,多呈透镜状产出,横向连续性差,钻遇井附近多伴有走滑断裂发育,白云岩层段在对应的地震剖面上见"下凹"反射特征;②基质白云岩多呈中-粗晶,其缝洞中见具有波状消光特征的填隙鞍状白云石,并发育大量的角砾岩,角砾岩间充填白色的白云石,形成斑马构造;③基质白云岩与填隙鞍状白云石的均一温度较白云石化作用时地层的温度要高5℃以上,分别为105.8～159.6℃及113.2～138.6℃,同时二者还具有偏负的氧同位素特征(-7.64‰～-7.95‰)以及高87Sr/86Sr值(0.708 369～0.709 684)。构造热液白云岩的发育和分布受走滑断裂控制,若与上覆致密灰岩地层有机配置,可以形成良好的岩性圈闭。
Integrated with seismic profile interpretations,Petro-mineralogic observations and geochemical analyses,the present paper proposed that dolomites in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation-Maokou Formation of the central Sichuan Basin are of a structure-controlled hydrothermal origin.The characterization of the dolomites showed that:1) they are relatively thicker in a single layer,commonly in lenticular form,poor in lateral continuity,sometimes accompanied with developed strike-slip faults and having a "concave-down" reflection in seismic sections corresponding to dolomite intervals concerned;2) matrix dolomites composed mainly of meso-or macro-crystalline grains have the saddle-shaped dolomite with undulatory extinction stuffed in their fractures and vugs,where a large amount of breccias with white dolomites filled between them develops,forming zebralike fabrics;and 3) homogenization temperatures of matrix and interstitial saddle-shaped dolomites are commonly 5℃ higher than those of strata during dolomitization,ranging between 105.8~159.6℃ and 113.2~138.6℃,respectively.In addition,they show lighter oxygen isotopes(-7.64‰~-7.95‰) and higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios(0.708 369~0.709 684).The development and distribution of structure-controlled hydrothermal dolomites are dominated by strike-slip faults.There would be a good lithologic reservoir if hydrothermal dolomites combine well with overlying tight limestones.
Integrated with seismic profile interpretations,Petro-mineralogic observations and geochemical analyses,the present paper proposed that dolomites in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation-Maokou Formation of the central Sichuan Basin are of a structure-controlled hydrothermal origin.The characterization of the dolomites showed that:1) they are relatively thicker in a single layer,commonly in lenticular form,poor in lateral continuity,sometimes accompanied with developed strike-slip faults and having a "concave-down" reflection in seismic sections corresponding to dolomite intervals concerned;2) matrix dolomites composed mainly of meso-or macro-crystalline grains have the saddle-shaped dolomite with undulatory extinction stuffed in their fractures and vugs,where a large amount of breccias with white dolomites filled between them develops,forming zebralike fabrics;and 3) homogenization temperatures of matrix and interstitial saddle-shaped dolomites are commonly 5℃ higher than those of strata during dolomitization,ranging between 105.8~159.6℃ and 113.2~138.6℃,respectively.In addition,they show lighter oxygen isotopes(-7.64‰~-7.95‰) and higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios(0.708 369~0.709 684).The development and distribution of structure-controlled hydrothermal dolomites are dominated by strike-slip faults.There would be a good lithologic reservoir if hydrothermal dolomites combine well with overlying tight limestones.
引文
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[2]石新,王兴志,张帆,等.川西北地区栖霞组白云岩储集层研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(2):13-16.Shi Xin,Wang Xingzhi,Zhang Fan,et al.The study of dolomite reser-voirs in Qixia Formation in the northwest of Sichuan region[J].Jour-nal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2005,27(2):13-16.
[3]张荫本.四川盆地二叠系中的白云岩[J].石油学报,1982,3(1):29-33.Zhang Yinben.Dolomite of Middle Permian of Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982,3(1):29-33.
[4]陈明启.川西南下二叠阳新统白云岩成因探讨[J].沉积学报,1989,7(2):45-50.Chen Mingqi.A discussion of the origin of Yangxin dlolomite ofLower Permian in southwest Sichuan[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,1989,7(2):45-50.
[5]金振奎,冯增昭.滇东-川西下二叠统白云岩的形成机理——玄武岩淋滤白云化[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):383-389.Jin Zhenkui,Feng Zengzhao.Origin of dolomites of the LowerPermian in east Yunnan-west Sichuan:dolomitization throughleaching of basalts[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(3):383-389.
[6]李茂竹,王玉英.四川华蓥山中段下二叠统灰岩中“砂糖状白云岩”特征及其白云化作用的讨论[J].川煤地勘,1991,2(9):45-48.Li Maozhu,Wang Yuying.Characteristics of saccharoidal dolo-mite and its genesis in Lower Permian,Huayinshan area of Si-chuan Basin[J].Coal Geology of Sichuan,1991,2(9):45-48.
[7]翟光明.中国石油地质志——四川油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987:80-88.Zhai Guangming.Petroleum geology of China:Sichuan Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1987:80-88.
[8]罗志立.四川盆地基底结构的新认识[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(2):191-200.Luo Zhili.New recognition of basement in Sichuan Basin[J].Jour-nal of Chengdu University of Technology,1998,25(2):191-200.
[9]许效松,刘宝珺,徐强,等.中国西部大型盆地分析及地球动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:1-28.Xu Xiaosong,Liu Baojun,Xu Qiang,et al.Large-scale basin anal-ysis and geodynamic,West China[M].Beijing:Geological Pub-lishing House,1997:1-28.
[10]刘树根,邓宾,李智武,等.盆山结构与油气分布——以四川盆地为例[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):621-635.Liu Shugen,Deng Bin,Li Zhiwu,et al.The texture of sedimenta-ry basin-orogenic belt system and its influence on oil&gas dis-tribution:a case study from Sichuan Basin[J].Acta PetrologicaSinica,2011,27(3):621-635.
[11]王运生,金以钟.四川盆地下二叠统白云岩及古岩溶的形成与峨眉地裂运动的关系[J].成都理工学院学报,1997,24(1):8-16.Wang Yunsheng,Jin Yizhong.The formation of dolomite and pa-leokarst of the Lower Permian series in Sichuan Basin and the re-lation to the Emei Taphrogenesis[J].Journal of Chengdu Uni-versity of Technology,1997,24(1):8-16.
[12]罗志立.峨眉地裂运动和四川盆地天然气勘探实践[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(4):419-424.Luo Zhili.Emei Taphrogenesis and natural gas prospecting prac-tices in Sichuan Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(4):419-424.
[13]黄思静,石和,张萌,等.上扬子石炭―二叠纪海相碳酸盐的锶同位素演化与全球海平面变化[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):481-487.Huang Sijing,Shi He,Zhang Meng,et al.Strontium isotope evo-lution and global seal level changes of Carboniferous and Permianmarine carbonate,Upper Yangtze Platform[J].Acta Sedimento-logica Sinica,2001,19(4):481-487.
[14]刘宝珺,许效松.中国南方岩相古地理图集[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:12-34.Liu Baojun,Xu Xiaosong.Maps of paleo-lithofacies,South China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1993:12-34.
[15]冯增昭,杨玉卿,金振奎,等.中国南方二叠纪岩相古地理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1997:8-36.Feng Zengzhao,Yang Yuqing,Jin Zhenkui.Paleo-lithofacies,Per-mian of South China[M].Dongying:The Press of the University ofPetroleum,China,1997:8-36.
[16]Davies G R,Smith L B.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dol-omite reservoir facies:an overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
[17]Lavoie D,Morin C.Hydrothermal dolomitization in the Lower Siluri-an Sayabec Formation in northern Gaspematapedia(Quebec):con-straint an timing of porosity and regional significance for hydrocarbonreservoirs[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2004,52(3):256-271.
[18]Qing H,Mountjoy E W.Formation of coarsely crystalline,hydro-thermal dolomite reservoirs in the Presqu’ile Barrier,Western Can-ada sedimentary basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(4):55-77.
[19]朱东亚,金之钧,胡文瑄.塔中地区热液改造型白云岩储层[J].石油学报,2009,30(5):698-704.Zhu Dongya,Jin Zhijun,Hu Wenxuan.Hydrothermal alterationdolomite reservoir in Tazhong area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):698-704.
[20]陈代钊.构造-热液白云岩化作用与白云岩储层[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(5):614-622.Chen Daizhao.Structure-controlled hydrothermal dolomitizationand hydrothermal dolomite reserviors[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(5):614-622.
[21]Green D G,Mountjoy E W.Fault and conduit controlled burialdolomitization of the Devonian,west-central Alberta deep basin[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum,Geology,2005,53(2):101-129.
[22]Machel H G.Saddle dolomite as aby-product of chemical compac-tion and thermochemical sulfate reduction[J].Geology,1987,15(2):936-940.
[23]Gregg J M,Sibley D F.Epigenetic dolomitization and the originof xenotopic dolomite texture[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrol-ogy,1984,54(3):908-931.
[24]Allan J R,Wiggins W D.Dolomite reservoirs:geochemical tech-niques for evaluating origin and distribution[M].AAPG Contin-uing Education Course Notes Series 36,1993:19-22.
[25]Banner J L.Application of the trace element and isotope geo-chemistry of strontium to studies of carbonate diagenesis[J].Sedimentology,1995,42(2):805-824.
[26]Jones C E,Jenkyns H C.Seawater strontium isotopes,oceanicanoxic events,and seafloor hydrothermal activity in the Jurassicand Cretaceous[J].American Journal of Science,2001,201(3):112-149.
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