塔里木盆地阿瓦提坳陷油气资源潜力分析
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摘要
阿瓦提坳陷是目前塔里木盆地勘探程度最低的地区,区内及周缘已发现乌鲁桥油苗、志留系沥青砂岩等油气显示。通过对区域构造背景及其演化、主要烃源岩沉积背景及其地球化学特征的研究,明确阿瓦提坳陷及周缘发育潟湖相、陆棚—斜坡相2类沉积背景不同、地球化学特征有别的主力烃源岩。下寒武统玉尔吐斯组、中上奥陶统萨尔干组、印干组烃源岩以斜坡相为主,是与上升洋流有关的特高丰度烃源岩;中下寒武统则发育以潟湖相为主的较高丰度烃源岩。并提出了本区优质烃源岩的沉积发育模式及其沉积环境的判别指标。通过层序地层、地震相、沉积相研究,开展了层序地层格架下地震相、沉积相约束的烃源岩识别与预测。在典型油藏解剖、油气成藏条件综合分析的基础上,明确了阿瓦提坳陷及邻区有利勘探领域。
The degree of petroleum prospecting in the Awati Depression is the lowest comparing with that in platform depression areas of the Tarim Basin.Some oil and gas shows such as the Wuluqiao oil show and the Silurian asphaltic sandstone were found in the depression and its surroundings.Based on the studies of regional tectonic setting and its evolution,depositional environments and geochemical characteristics of the main source rocks,two different kinds of principle source rocks with different sedimentary backgrounds and geochemical features,deve-loped in lagoonal facies and continental shelf and slope facies respectively,were determined.Source rocks deve-loped in the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation,the Middle and Upper Ordovician Saergan Formation and Yingan Formation were dominated by slope facies and showed extra-high organic content which was related to ascending current.And the Middle and Lower Cambrian source rocks with relative high organic content were developed in lagoonal facies.The sedimentary models for the formation of quality source rocks and the identification marks for depositional environments were proposed.According to the studies of sequence stratigraphy,seismic facies and depositional facies,the identification and prediction of source rocks confined by seismic and depositional facies under sequence stratigraphic framework were carried out.On the basis of dissecting of typical reservoir and synthetic analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation,the potential targets for petroleum exploration were indicated in the Awati Depression and its surrounding areas.
The degree of petroleum prospecting in the Awati Depression is the lowest comparing with that in platform depression areas of the Tarim Basin.Some oil and gas shows such as the Wuluqiao oil show and the Silurian asphaltic sandstone were found in the depression and its surroundings.Based on the studies of regional tectonic setting and its evolution,depositional environments and geochemical characteristics of the main source rocks,two different kinds of principle source rocks with different sedimentary backgrounds and geochemical features,deve-loped in lagoonal facies and continental shelf and slope facies respectively,were determined.Source rocks deve-loped in the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation,the Middle and Upper Ordovician Saergan Formation and Yingan Formation were dominated by slope facies and showed extra-high organic content which was related to ascending current.And the Middle and Lower Cambrian source rocks with relative high organic content were developed in lagoonal facies.The sedimentary models for the formation of quality source rocks and the identification marks for depositional environments were proposed.According to the studies of sequence stratigraphy,seismic facies and depositional facies,the identification and prediction of source rocks confined by seismic and depositional facies under sequence stratigraphic framework were carried out.On the basis of dissecting of typical reservoir and synthetic analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation,the potential targets for petroleum exploration were indicated in the Awati Depression and its surrounding areas.
引文
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[16]崔坤宁,程日辉,刘万洙,等.新疆库鲁克塔格地区早寒武世磷质岩的形成条件[J].世界地质,2006,25(3):254-258.
[17]刘宝珺.岩相古地理基础和工作方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1985.
[18]李任伟,卢家烂,张淑坤,等.震旦纪和早寒武世黑色页岩有机碳同位素组成[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,1999,29(4):351-357.
[19]翟晓先.塔里木盆地塔河特大型油气田勘探实践与认识[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(4):323-331.
[20]翟晓先,顾忆,钱一雄,等.塔里木盆地塔深1井寒武系油气地球化学特征[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(4):329-333.
[2]王飞宇,杜治利,张宝民,等.柯坪剖面中上奥陶统萨尔干组黑色页岩地球化学特征[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(6):687-689.
[3]吴朝东.湘西震旦—寒武纪交替时期古海洋环境的恢复[J].地学前缘,2000,7(S):45-55.
[4]薛耀松,唐天福,俞从流,等.贵州瓮安—开阳地区陡山沱期含磷岩系的大型球形绿藻化石[J].古生物学报,1995,34(6):688-706.
[5]薛耀松,唐天福,俞从流,等.贵州晚震旦世陡山沱期具骨骼动物化石的发现及其意义[J].古生物学报,1992,31(5):530-539.
[6]东野脉兴.海洋中磷的循环与沉积作用[J].化工矿产地质,1996,18(3):191-195.
[7]东野脉兴.上升洋流与陆缘坻[J].化工矿产地质,1996,18(3):156-161.
[8]张水昌,张宝民,边立曾,等.8亿多年前由红藻堆积而成的下马岭组油页岩[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2007,37(5):636-643.
[9]张宝民,张水昌,尹磊明,等.塔里木盆地晚奥陶世良里塔格型生烃母质生物[J].微体古生物学报,2005,22(3):243-250.
[10]边立曾,张水昌,张宝民,等.似球状沟鞭藻化石重新解释早、中寒武世甲藻甾烷的来源[J].科学通报,2000,45(23):2554-2558.
[11]张水昌,Moldowan J M,边立曾,等.晚震旦世—寒武纪沟鞭藻存在的生物和分子地球化学证据[J].地质学报,2000,74(4):378-379.
[12]赵孟军,张宝民,肖中尧,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系偏腐殖型烃源岩的发现[J].天然气工业,1998,18(5):32-35.
[13]赵孟军,张宝民,边立曾,等.奥陶系类Ⅲ型烃源岩及其生成天然气的特征[J].科学通报,1999,44(21):2333-2336.
[14]王飞宇,边立曾,张水昌,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系海相源岩中两类生烃母质[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2001,31(2):96-102.
[15]李永安,李强,张慧,等.塔里木及其周边古地磁研究与盆地形成演化[J].新疆地质,1995,13(4):293-378.
[16]崔坤宁,程日辉,刘万洙,等.新疆库鲁克塔格地区早寒武世磷质岩的形成条件[J].世界地质,2006,25(3):254-258.
[17]刘宝珺.岩相古地理基础和工作方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1985.
[18]李任伟,卢家烂,张淑坤,等.震旦纪和早寒武世黑色页岩有机碳同位素组成[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,1999,29(4):351-357.
[19]翟晓先.塔里木盆地塔河特大型油气田勘探实践与认识[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(4):323-331.
[20]翟晓先,顾忆,钱一雄,等.塔里木盆地塔深1井寒武系油气地球化学特征[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(4):329-333.
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