独山子背斜的几何学运动学数字模拟
摘要
独山子背斜位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段,是北天山逆冲推覆带在前陆盆地山前形成的断层相关褶皱。本文以横跨背斜的过井地震剖面为蓝本,用钻井数据、相邻地震剖面和地表形态为约束,运用断层相关褶皱模型对独山子背斜进行几何学定量分析,以建立合理的与实际接近的构造模型;提取构造特征参数进行基于Trishear模型的运动学定量模拟,选取与实际数据吻合度最高的构造形态为独山子背斜的最佳几何模型。模拟数据表明:独山子背斜为前翼呈三角剪切的断层传播褶皱;背斜变形从喜马拉雅山晚期更新统(Q_(1-3))沉积期间开始形成并生长,平均推覆速率为0.18 mm/a;全新统沉积期间(Q_4)推覆活动强度达到最大值,平均推覆速率为4.64 mm/a。形成独山子背斜所需的总推覆位移量为5 600 m左右,第四纪期间的平均推覆速率约为0.19 mm/a。
The Dushanzi anticline locats in the west segment of the southern margin of the Junggar Basin,it is a fault-related fold which developed by the thrusting of the northern Tianshan.Based on a seismic cross-section across the Dushen 1 well,we build the reasonable geometric model of the Dushanzi anticline by the well data and outcrop data.After extracting the structural geometric parameters of the Dushanzi anticline by several seismic profiles,a trishear model was selected to simulate the geometric deformation of the Dushanzi anticline quantitatively,and then we establish the optimal geometric shape to match the Dushanzi anticline.Our simulated results show that the Dushanzi anticline is a Trishear fault propagation fold,it developed in the Quaternary(Q_(1-3)) in the late Himalayan with a average thrusting slip rate 0.18 mm/a,then the structural deformation reached to a maximum thrusting rate in the Holocene(Q_4) with a slip rate 4.64 mm/a.The Dushanzi anticline has a total displacement slip more than 5 600 m,so it's average thrusting rate in the Quaternary is about 0.19 mm/a.
The Dushanzi anticline locats in the west segment of the southern margin of the Junggar Basin,it is a fault-related fold which developed by the thrusting of the northern Tianshan.Based on a seismic cross-section across the Dushen 1 well,we build the reasonable geometric model of the Dushanzi anticline by the well data and outcrop data.After extracting the structural geometric parameters of the Dushanzi anticline by several seismic profiles,a trishear model was selected to simulate the geometric deformation of the Dushanzi anticline quantitatively,and then we establish the optimal geometric shape to match the Dushanzi anticline.Our simulated results show that the Dushanzi anticline is a Trishear fault propagation fold,it developed in the Quaternary(Q_(1-3)) in the late Himalayan with a average thrusting slip rate 0.18 mm/a,then the structural deformation reached to a maximum thrusting rate in the Holocene(Q_4) with a slip rate 4.64 mm/a.The Dushanzi anticline has a total displacement slip more than 5 600 m,so it's average thrusting rate in the Quaternary is about 0.19 mm/a.
引文
陈书平,漆家福,于福生,杨桥.2007.准噶尔盆地南缘构造变形特征及其主控因素.地质学报,81(2):151-157. Chen Shuping,Qi Jiafu,Yu Fusheng and Yang Qiao.2007.Deformation characteristics in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin and their controlling factors.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(2):151-157.
程光锁.2008.准噶尔盆地南缘中段构造的平衡剖面研究.地球科学,9(5):563-570. Cheng Guangsuo.2008.A study of the balanced sections of the structure in the central part of southern Junggar Basin.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,9(5):563-570.
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,杨晓平,徐锡伟,彭斯震,李军.1999.乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂—褶皱带及其形成机制.地学前缘,6(4):191-200. Deng Qidong,Feng Xianyue,Zhang Peizhen,Yang Xiaoping,Xu Xiwei,Peng Sizhen and Li Jun.1999.Reverse fault and fold zone in the(U|¨)r(u|¨)mqi range-front depression of the northern Tianshan and its genetic mechanism.Earth Science Frontiers,6(4):191 -200.
李军,尹宏伟,张洁,刘玉萍,徐士进.2007.三角剪切模型及其在川东大池干构造解译中的应用.石油学报,28 (4):68-72. Li Jun,Yin Hongwei,Zhang Jie,Liu Yuping and Xu Shijin.2007.Trishear model and its application to interpretation of Dachigan structure in the eastern Sichuan Province.Acta Petrolei Sinica,28(4):68-72.
李树新,何光玉,何开泉,万里皋,刘登明,孙卫东,魏建强,吴磊,金伟峰,冯曦,林璐.2008.准噶尔盆地南缘霍玛吐构造带晚新生代构造变形特征及时间.浙江大学学报(理学版),35(4):460-474. Li Shuxin,He Guangyu,He Kaiquan,Wan Ligao,Liu Dengming,Sun Weidong,Wei Jianqiang,Wu Lei,Jin Weifeng,Feng Xi and Lin Lu.2008.Structural deformation and time of Late Cenozoic of Huo-Ma-Tu structural belt in south Junggar Basin,northwest China,journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),35(4):460-474.
王小卫,刘文卿,徐兴荣,张小美,蒋波.2010.偏移速度建模与成像技术.天然气工业,30(2):52-54. Wang Xiaowei,Liu Wenqing,Xu Xingrong,Zhang Xiaomei and Jiang Bo.2010.Migration velocity modeling and imaging techniques.Natural Gas Industry,30(2):52-54.
吴建华,向书政,吴晓智,陈伟,吴鉴.2002.准噶尔盆地南缘东部构造样式与形成机制.新疆石油地质,23(3): 208-210. Wu Jianhua,Xiang Shuzheng,Wu Xiaozhi,Chen Wei and Wu Jian.2002.Structures in east part of southern margin in Junggar Basin and their formation mechanism.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,23(3):208-210.
张培震.2003.天山及其前陆盆地的晚新生代构造变形.科学通报,48(24):2499-2500. Zhang Peizhen.2003.Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation in the Tianshan Mountain and its foreland basins.Chinese Science Bulletin,49(4):311-313.
张锐,郭召杰,张志诚,袁庆东.2005.天山北麓晚新生代独山子—安集海褶皱冲断带构造分析及其对河流改道的影响.新疆地质,23(3):215-219. Zhang Rui,Guo Zhaojie,Zhang Zhicheng and Yuan Qingdong.2005.Structural analysis of the Dushanzi-Anjihai Late Cenozoic fold-thrust belt and it's influence on river channels,north Tianshan.Xinjiang Geology,23(3):215-219.
张健,汪少华,陈家琪,唐必锐,邹红亮,侯承恩.2010.变速成图技术在准噶尔盆地南缘冲断带的应用.天然气工业, 30(4):35-37. Zhang Jian,Wang Shaohua,Chen Jiaqi,Tang Birui,Zou Hongliang and Hou Cheng'en.2010.Application of varying velocity mapping in the thrust belt in the sothern margin of the Junggar Basin.Natural Gas Industry,30(4):35-37.
庄锡进.2004.准噶尔盆地南缘构造建模及油气成藏条件研究(博士学位论文).广州:中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所).1-92. Zhuang Xijin.2004.Research of Tectonic Modeling and Petroleum Accumulation Elements for South Margin of Junggar Basin (PhD Thesis).Guangzhou:Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Science.1-92.
Allmendinger R W.1998.Inverse and forward numerical modeling of trishear fault-propagation folds.Tectonics,17(4):640- 656.
Cardozo N.2005.Trishear modeling of fold bedding data along a topographic profile.Journal of Structural Geology,27(3): 495-502.
Charreau J,Avouac J,Chen Y,Dominguez S and Gilder S.2008.Miocene to present kinematics of fault-bend folding across the Huerguosi anticline,northern Tianshan(China),derived from structural,seismic,and magnetostratigraphic data. Geology,36(11):871-874.
Erslev E A.1991.Trishear fault-propagation folding.Geology,19(6):617-620.
Fu B H,Lin A M,Kano K,Maruyama T and Guo J M.2003.Quaternary folding of the eastern Tian Shan,northwest China. Tectonophysics,369(1- 2):79-101.
Fu B H,Ninomiya Y and Guo J M.2010.Slip partitioning in the northeast Pamir-Tian Shan convergence zone.Tectonophysics, 483(3-4):344-364.
Shaw J H,Connors C and Suppe J.2005.Seismic Interpretation of Contractional Fault-Related Folds.Tulsa:AAPG Studies in Geology.11-25.
Song T G and Cawood P A.2001.Effects of subsidiary faults on the geometric construction of listric normal fault systems.AAPG Bulletin,85(2):221-232.
Suppe J and Medwedeff D.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding.Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,83(3): 409-454.
Suppe J,Chou G T and Hook S C.1992.Rates of folding and faulting determined from growth strata.In:McClay K R(Ed.) Thrust Tectonics.New York:Chapman Hall.105-121.
Zehnder A T and Allmendinger R W.2000.Velocity field for the trishear model.Journal of Structural Geology,22(8):1009- 1014.
程光锁.2008.准噶尔盆地南缘中段构造的平衡剖面研究.地球科学,9(5):563-570. Cheng Guangsuo.2008.A study of the balanced sections of the structure in the central part of southern Junggar Basin.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,9(5):563-570.
邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,杨晓平,徐锡伟,彭斯震,李军.1999.乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂—褶皱带及其形成机制.地学前缘,6(4):191-200. Deng Qidong,Feng Xianyue,Zhang Peizhen,Yang Xiaoping,Xu Xiwei,Peng Sizhen and Li Jun.1999.Reverse fault and fold zone in the(U|¨)r(u|¨)mqi range-front depression of the northern Tianshan and its genetic mechanism.Earth Science Frontiers,6(4):191 -200.
李军,尹宏伟,张洁,刘玉萍,徐士进.2007.三角剪切模型及其在川东大池干构造解译中的应用.石油学报,28 (4):68-72. Li Jun,Yin Hongwei,Zhang Jie,Liu Yuping and Xu Shijin.2007.Trishear model and its application to interpretation of Dachigan structure in the eastern Sichuan Province.Acta Petrolei Sinica,28(4):68-72.
李树新,何光玉,何开泉,万里皋,刘登明,孙卫东,魏建强,吴磊,金伟峰,冯曦,林璐.2008.准噶尔盆地南缘霍玛吐构造带晚新生代构造变形特征及时间.浙江大学学报(理学版),35(4):460-474. Li Shuxin,He Guangyu,He Kaiquan,Wan Ligao,Liu Dengming,Sun Weidong,Wei Jianqiang,Wu Lei,Jin Weifeng,Feng Xi and Lin Lu.2008.Structural deformation and time of Late Cenozoic of Huo-Ma-Tu structural belt in south Junggar Basin,northwest China,journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),35(4):460-474.
王小卫,刘文卿,徐兴荣,张小美,蒋波.2010.偏移速度建模与成像技术.天然气工业,30(2):52-54. Wang Xiaowei,Liu Wenqing,Xu Xingrong,Zhang Xiaomei and Jiang Bo.2010.Migration velocity modeling and imaging techniques.Natural Gas Industry,30(2):52-54.
吴建华,向书政,吴晓智,陈伟,吴鉴.2002.准噶尔盆地南缘东部构造样式与形成机制.新疆石油地质,23(3): 208-210. Wu Jianhua,Xiang Shuzheng,Wu Xiaozhi,Chen Wei and Wu Jian.2002.Structures in east part of southern margin in Junggar Basin and their formation mechanism.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,23(3):208-210.
张培震.2003.天山及其前陆盆地的晚新生代构造变形.科学通报,48(24):2499-2500. Zhang Peizhen.2003.Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation in the Tianshan Mountain and its foreland basins.Chinese Science Bulletin,49(4):311-313.
张锐,郭召杰,张志诚,袁庆东.2005.天山北麓晚新生代独山子—安集海褶皱冲断带构造分析及其对河流改道的影响.新疆地质,23(3):215-219. Zhang Rui,Guo Zhaojie,Zhang Zhicheng and Yuan Qingdong.2005.Structural analysis of the Dushanzi-Anjihai Late Cenozoic fold-thrust belt and it's influence on river channels,north Tianshan.Xinjiang Geology,23(3):215-219.
张健,汪少华,陈家琪,唐必锐,邹红亮,侯承恩.2010.变速成图技术在准噶尔盆地南缘冲断带的应用.天然气工业, 30(4):35-37. Zhang Jian,Wang Shaohua,Chen Jiaqi,Tang Birui,Zou Hongliang and Hou Cheng'en.2010.Application of varying velocity mapping in the thrust belt in the sothern margin of the Junggar Basin.Natural Gas Industry,30(4):35-37.
庄锡进.2004.准噶尔盆地南缘构造建模及油气成藏条件研究(博士学位论文).广州:中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所).1-92. Zhuang Xijin.2004.Research of Tectonic Modeling and Petroleum Accumulation Elements for South Margin of Junggar Basin (PhD Thesis).Guangzhou:Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Science.1-92.
Allmendinger R W.1998.Inverse and forward numerical modeling of trishear fault-propagation folds.Tectonics,17(4):640- 656.
Cardozo N.2005.Trishear modeling of fold bedding data along a topographic profile.Journal of Structural Geology,27(3): 495-502.
Charreau J,Avouac J,Chen Y,Dominguez S and Gilder S.2008.Miocene to present kinematics of fault-bend folding across the Huerguosi anticline,northern Tianshan(China),derived from structural,seismic,and magnetostratigraphic data. Geology,36(11):871-874.
Erslev E A.1991.Trishear fault-propagation folding.Geology,19(6):617-620.
Fu B H,Lin A M,Kano K,Maruyama T and Guo J M.2003.Quaternary folding of the eastern Tian Shan,northwest China. Tectonophysics,369(1- 2):79-101.
Fu B H,Ninomiya Y and Guo J M.2010.Slip partitioning in the northeast Pamir-Tian Shan convergence zone.Tectonophysics, 483(3-4):344-364.
Shaw J H,Connors C and Suppe J.2005.Seismic Interpretation of Contractional Fault-Related Folds.Tulsa:AAPG Studies in Geology.11-25.
Song T G and Cawood P A.2001.Effects of subsidiary faults on the geometric construction of listric normal fault systems.AAPG Bulletin,85(2):221-232.
Suppe J and Medwedeff D.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding.Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,83(3): 409-454.
Suppe J,Chou G T and Hook S C.1992.Rates of folding and faulting determined from growth strata.In:McClay K R(Ed.) Thrust Tectonics.New York:Chapman Hall.105-121.
Zehnder A T and Allmendinger R W.2000.Velocity field for the trishear model.Journal of Structural Geology,22(8):1009- 1014.
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