山前带逆掩构造保幅FFD叠前深度偏移
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摘要
山前带逆掩构造区上覆高速地层对地震波传播能量具有比较严重的屏蔽作用,因而导致逆掩下伏构造成像比较困难。如今广泛采用的Kirchhoff积分法叠前深度偏移由于其自身算法的限制难以对其精确成像。基于此,本文引入了保幅FFD(傅里叶有限差分)叠前深度偏移方法,通过在传统延拓算子的基础上增加振幅恢复项求得保幅延拓算子,并给出保幅偏移的成像条件,从而实现了保幅FFD叠前深度偏移。数值试验及实际资料处理结果均表明:该方法能够有效补偿地震波场传播中的能量损失,提高逆掩下伏构造的成像质量。
Overlying layers with high velocity have serious shielding effect for seismic energy propagation in complex overthrust structures of piedmont zones.So it is difficult to image underneath overthrust structures.And at present widely used Kirchhoff integration pre-stack depth migration could not obtain precise imaging because of its own limitation.In this paper,we propose an amplitude-preserved FFD(Fourier finite difference) pre-stack depth migration method.By adding amplitude recovery items to conventional extrapolation operators,the amplitude-preserved extrapolation operators could be obtained.And we also give out imaging conditions for amplitude-preserved migration.So the amplitude-preserved FFD pre-stack depth migration could be realized.Numerical test results of model dataset and real seismic dataset show that the method could effectively compensate energy loss of seismic propagation.The imaging of overthrust underneath structures could be improved by applying this method.
Overlying layers with high velocity have serious shielding effect for seismic energy propagation in complex overthrust structures of piedmont zones.So it is difficult to image underneath overthrust structures.And at present widely used Kirchhoff integration pre-stack depth migration could not obtain precise imaging because of its own limitation.In this paper,we propose an amplitude-preserved FFD(Fourier finite difference) pre-stack depth migration method.By adding amplitude recovery items to conventional extrapolation operators,the amplitude-preserved extrapolation operators could be obtained.And we also give out imaging conditions for amplitude-preserved migration.So the amplitude-preserved FFD pre-stack depth migration could be realized.Numerical test results of model dataset and real seismic dataset show that the method could effectively compensate energy loss of seismic propagation.The imaging of overthrust underneath structures could be improved by applying this method.
引文
[1]刘喜武,刘洪.波动方程地震偏移成像方法的现状与进展.地球物理学进展,2002,17(4):582～591Liu Xi-wu,Liu Hong.Status and Progress on WaveEquation Migration Methods.Progress in Geophys-ics,2002,17(4):582～591
[2]马在田著.地震成像技术:有限差分法偏移.北京:石油工业出版社,1989
[3]Ristow D and Ruth T.Fourier finite-difference mi-gration.Geophysics,1994,59(12):1882～1893
[4]Zhang Y,Zhang G,Bleistein N.True amplitude waveequation migration arising from true amplitude one-way equations.Inverse Problems,2003,19:1113～1138
[5]Zhang Y,Zhang G,Bleistein N.Theory of true am-plitude one-way wave equations and true amplitudecommon shot migration.Geophysics,2005,70(3):E1～E10
[6]刘东奇,崔兴福,张关泉.波动方程混合法真振幅偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(3):283～286Liu Dong-qi,Cui Xing-fu,Zhang Guan-quan.True-amplitude migration of wave equation hybrid method.OGP,2004,39(3):283～286
[7]张关泉.波动方程的上行波方程和下行波的耦合方程组.应用数学学报,1993,16(2):251～263Zhang Guan-quan.System of coupled equations fordowngoing and upcoming waves.Acta Math ApplSinica,1993,16(2):251～263
[8]吕彬,王西文,王宇超等.基于保真振幅单程波方程的叠前AVP成像方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2119～2127LüBin,Wang Xi-wen,Wang Yu-chao et al.PrestackAVP imaging method based on true amplitude one-way wave equation.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(8):2119～2127
[9]Gazdag J.Wave equation with phase-shift method.Geophysics,1978,43(7):1342～1351
[10]Stoffa P L.Split-step Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990,55(4):410～421
[11]王西文.地震数据连片处理中静校正建模方法的研究及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):375～382Wang Xi-wen.Model building method of static cor-rection in seismic data pieces-jointed processing.OGP,2006,41(4):375～382
[12]程玖兵,马在田,陶正喜等.山前带复杂构造成像方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):525～529Cheng Jiu-bing,Ma Zai-tian,Tao Zheng-xi et al.Im-aging study of piedmont complex structures.OGP,2006,41(5):525～529
[13]Samuel H,Gray et al.Seismic migration problemsand solutions.Goephysics,2001,66(5):1622～1640
[14]Zhang Y,Xu S,Zhang G,Bleistein N.How to ob-tain true amplitude common-angle gathers from one-way wave equation migration?SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1021～1024
[2]马在田著.地震成像技术:有限差分法偏移.北京:石油工业出版社,1989
[3]Ristow D and Ruth T.Fourier finite-difference mi-gration.Geophysics,1994,59(12):1882～1893
[4]Zhang Y,Zhang G,Bleistein N.True amplitude waveequation migration arising from true amplitude one-way equations.Inverse Problems,2003,19:1113～1138
[5]Zhang Y,Zhang G,Bleistein N.Theory of true am-plitude one-way wave equations and true amplitudecommon shot migration.Geophysics,2005,70(3):E1～E10
[6]刘东奇,崔兴福,张关泉.波动方程混合法真振幅偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(3):283～286Liu Dong-qi,Cui Xing-fu,Zhang Guan-quan.True-amplitude migration of wave equation hybrid method.OGP,2004,39(3):283～286
[7]张关泉.波动方程的上行波方程和下行波的耦合方程组.应用数学学报,1993,16(2):251～263Zhang Guan-quan.System of coupled equations fordowngoing and upcoming waves.Acta Math ApplSinica,1993,16(2):251～263
[8]吕彬,王西文,王宇超等.基于保真振幅单程波方程的叠前AVP成像方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2119～2127LüBin,Wang Xi-wen,Wang Yu-chao et al.PrestackAVP imaging method based on true amplitude one-way wave equation.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(8):2119～2127
[9]Gazdag J.Wave equation with phase-shift method.Geophysics,1978,43(7):1342～1351
[10]Stoffa P L.Split-step Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990,55(4):410～421
[11]王西文.地震数据连片处理中静校正建模方法的研究及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):375～382Wang Xi-wen.Model building method of static cor-rection in seismic data pieces-jointed processing.OGP,2006,41(4):375～382
[12]程玖兵,马在田,陶正喜等.山前带复杂构造成像方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):525～529Cheng Jiu-bing,Ma Zai-tian,Tao Zheng-xi et al.Im-aging study of piedmont complex structures.OGP,2006,41(5):525～529
[13]Samuel H,Gray et al.Seismic migration problemsand solutions.Goephysics,2001,66(5):1622～1640
[14]Zhang Y,Xu S,Zhang G,Bleistein N.How to ob-tain true amplitude common-angle gathers from one-way wave equation migration?SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1021～1024
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