塔里木盆地巴麦地区石炭系低速异常碳酸盐岩的解释
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摘要
巴麦地区即塔西南巴楚隆起-麦盖提斜坡,具有台地边缘-斜坡的古构造和古地理背景,这种台地边缘和典型的浅滩沉积暗示了该区具有发育生物礁的环境特征。区内先巴扎(XBZ)600 km2三维地震探区石炭系发育了巴楚组(C1b)生屑灰岩及标准灰岩、小海子组(C2x)3套灰岩,其中小海子组发现特殊响应碳酸盐岩,主要表现为厚度增大、频率增高、多出一条波峰同相轴的地震响应特征。通过差异厚度法、底面拉平法、地震属性法、正反演模型法,结合野外露头、岩心、镜下观察、录井、沉积相等综合分析,可初步推测该低速异常体为厚度增加、孔隙度增大的近东西向台地边缘障壁礁所致。礁体东西走向延伸超过25km,礁核区小海子组灰岩最厚62 m,礁外的小海子组50 m。台缘斜坡南倾,坡度陡,水平宽度1~2 km。礁后生屑滩北倾,坡度缓,水平宽度3~6 km。受色力布亚断裂带遮挡,该生物礁储层可以形成有利圈闭,面积约为42 km2,厚约45 m。
Ba-Mai area stands for the Bachu uplift and Mageti slope in SW Tarim basin,it has a paleo-tectonic and paleo-geographic background of platform margin-slope,which implies a typical reef-bank environment characteristics.There are three layers of limestone developed in the XBZ 3D seismic working area,C1b biological clastic limestone,standard limestone and C2x limestone,in which a special seismic response carbonate was found,the main response characteristics are thickness and frequency increasing with an extra peak event.It can be indicated that the low velocity abnormal body was caused by a near EW platform margin barrier reef through different thickness,subface flatten,seismic attribute and forward and inversion methods,combined with analysis of field outcrops,core,microscopic observation,logging and sedimentary facies.The reef extends more than 25 km in EW,the maximum thickness of reef core area of C2x limestone is 62 m,outside thickness is 50 m.Platform margin slope trends to south,which has a 1-2 km horizontal width.Biological clastic bank behind the reef trends to north,the horizontal width is 3-6 km.Blocked by Selibuya fault,reefs traps can be formed,reefs area is about 42 km2 and about 45 m thick.
Ba-Mai area stands for the Bachu uplift and Mageti slope in SW Tarim basin,it has a paleo-tectonic and paleo-geographic background of platform margin-slope,which implies a typical reef-bank environment characteristics.There are three layers of limestone developed in the XBZ 3D seismic working area,C1b biological clastic limestone,standard limestone and C2x limestone,in which a special seismic response carbonate was found,the main response characteristics are thickness and frequency increasing with an extra peak event.It can be indicated that the low velocity abnormal body was caused by a near EW platform margin barrier reef through different thickness,subface flatten,seismic attribute and forward and inversion methods,combined with analysis of field outcrops,core,microscopic observation,logging and sedimentary facies.The reef extends more than 25 km in EW,the maximum thickness of reef core area of C2x limestone is 62 m,outside thickness is 50 m.Platform margin slope trends to south,which has a 1-2 km horizontal width.Biological clastic bank behind the reef trends to north,the horizontal width is 3-6 km.Blocked by Selibuya fault,reefs traps can be formed,reefs area is about 42 km2 and about 45 m thick.
引文
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[22]刘志宏,王孔伟,张立国,等.塔里木盆地巴东4构造与油气[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(1):27-32.LIU Zhi-hong,WANG Kong-wei,ZHANG Li-guo,et al.Structure and hydrocarbon of the Badong 4 inTarim basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:EarthScience Edition,2005,35(1):27-32.
[23]Cai Xi-yuan,Wang Yi.The formation and distri-bution of the marine hydrocarbon source rock in theTarim basin,NW China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(3):509-519.
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[25]Song Yan,Liu Shao-bo.Main conditions for for-mation of middle-large gas fields and the potentialgas exploration areas in China[J].Earth ScienceFrontiers,2008,15(2):109-119.
[26]Zhao Z Y,Jin J Q.Oil and gas basin system,princi-ples and applications[J].Journal of Northwest Uni-versity,1996,26(2):147-158.
[2]徐向华,周庆凡,张玲.塔里木盆地油气储量及其分布特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(3):300-303.XU Xiang-hua,ZHOU Qing-fan,ZHANG Ling.Oiland gas reserves and their distribution in Tarim basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(3):300-303.
[3]Pramanik A G,Mehta C H,Painuly P K.Leveragingseismic technologies for stratigraphic/subtle trapexploration:an overview[J].Geohorizons,1999,1(4):1-26.
[4]Coyer James A,Ambroseb Richard F.Interactionsbetween corals and algae on a temperate zone rockyreef:mediation by sea urchins[J].Journal ofExperimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1993,167(1):21-37.
[5]Batten Kelly L,Narbonne Guy M,James Noёl P.Paleo environments and growth of EarlyNeoproterozoic calcimicrobial reef[J].PrecambrianResearch,2004,133(3/4):249-269.
[6]Manzello Derek P.Coral bleaching indices and thre-sholds for the Florida reef tract,Bahamas,and St.Croix,US Virgin Islands[J].Marine PollutionBulletin,2007,12:1923-1931.
[7]周路,赵文智,何登发.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡油气地质与勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:1-7.ZHOU Lu,ZHAO Wen-zhi,HE Deng-fa.Oil and gasgeology and exploration of Maigaiti uplift,Traim basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:1-7.
[8]张现军,王月华,玛丽克,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡西段上石炭统研究新进展[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(1):56-58.ZHANG Xian-jun,WANG Yue-hua,MA Li-ke,etal.Novel progress of Upper Carboniferous study inwest section of Mageti slope,Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(1):56-58.
[9]程刚,丁琳.生物礁与其他岩隆的地震特征对比[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(3):329-332.CHENG Gang,DING Lin.Reef exploration prospectsand its identification by seismic method[J].WestChina Petroleum Geosciences,2006,2(3):329-332.
[10]朱如凯,罗平,罗忠.塔里木盆地晚泥盆世及石炭纪岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2002,4(1):13-24.ZHU Ru-kai,LUO Ping,LUO Zhong.Lithofaciespalaeogeography of the Late Devonian andCarboniferous in Tarim basin[J].Journal ofPalaeogeography,2002,4(1):13-24.
[11]曾鼎乾,刘炳温,黄蕴明,等.中国各地质历史时期生物礁[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988:1-32.ZENG Ding-qian,LIU Bing-wen,HUANG Yun-ming.The reefs geologic history in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1988:1-32.
[12]Wood James B.Caribbean reef squid,Sepioteuthis se-pioidea,use ink as a defense against predatory Frenchgrunts,Haemulon flavolineatum[J].Journal of Ex-perimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2010,388(1/2):20-27.
[13]王瑞,焦养泉,吴立群,等.重庆开县上二叠统长兴组红花生物礁成礁模式[J].古地理学报,2009,11(2):157-166.WANG Rui,JIAO Yang-quan,WU Li-qun,et al.Reef-forming model of Honghua reefs of the UpperPermian Changxing Formation in Kaixian,Chongqing[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2009,11(2):157-166.
[14]阮状,于炳松,朱金富.塔里木盆地奥陶系礁滩相储集体特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(4):691-698.RUAN Zhuang,YU Bing-song,ZHU Jin-fu.Re-search on the characteristics of reef-bank reservoirs inOrdovician,Tarim basin[J].Geoscience,2009,23(4):691-698.
[15]Webstera Jody M.Coral reef evolution on rapidly su-bsiding margins[J].Global and Planetary Change,2009(26):129-148.
[16]范嘉松,张维.生物礁的基本概念、分类及识别特征[J].岩石学报,1985,1(3):45-59.FAN Jia-song,ZHANG Wei.The basic concept ofreefs,classification and identification features[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,1985,1(3):45-59.
[17]李学义.四川盆地碳酸盐岩地区地震勘探技术难点及对策探讨[J].天然气工业,2000,20(2):12-16.LI Xue-yi.A discussion on the technical difficultiesand countermeasures to carry out seismic explorationin the carbonate rock areas of Sichuan basin[J].Nat-ural Gas Industry,2000,20(2):12-16.
[18]卫生平,刘全新,张景廉,等.再论生物礁与大油气田的关系[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):38-42.WEI Sheng-ping,LIU Quan-xin,ZHANG Jing-lian,et al.Re-discussion of relationship between reef andgiant oil-gas fields[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):38-42.
[19]刘志宏,王文革,林东成,等.塔里木盆地吐木休克断裂带断层封闭性研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2003,33(1):19-25.LIU Zhi-hong,WANG Wen-ge,LIN Dong-cheng,etal.Study on the faults sealing properties of Tumuxi-uke fault belt in Tarim basin[J].Journal of Jilin Uni-versity:Earth Science Edition,2003,33(1):19-25.
[20]孟庆龙,李曰俊,师骏,等.塔里木盆地西部色力布亚断裂和康西断裂的主要特征及活动时代[J].地质科学,2008,43(2):282-293.MENG Qing-long,LI Yue-jun,SHI Jun,et al.Maincharacters and active ages of the Serikbuya and Kan-gxi faults in the western Tarim basin[J].ChineseJournal of Geology,2008,43(2):282-293.
[21]李洪辉,张光亚,刘建新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆油气勘探模式[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(5):11-13.LI Hong-hui,ZHANG Guang-ya,LIU Jian-xin,etal.Hydrocarbon prospecting model in Bachu faulteduplift,Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,1998,25(5):11-13.
[22]刘志宏,王孔伟,张立国,等.塔里木盆地巴东4构造与油气[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(1):27-32.LIU Zhi-hong,WANG Kong-wei,ZHANG Li-guo,et al.Structure and hydrocarbon of the Badong 4 inTarim basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:EarthScience Edition,2005,35(1):27-32.
[23]Cai Xi-yuan,Wang Yi.The formation and distri-bution of the marine hydrocarbon source rock in theTarim basin,NW China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(3):509-519.
[24]刘高波,施泽进,佘晓宇.巴楚-麦盖提的区域构造演化与油气分布规律[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(2):157-161.LIU Gao-bo,SHI Ze-jin,SHE Xiao-yu.Regionaltectonic evolution and distribution of Bachu-Markit[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2004,32(2):157-161.
[25]Song Yan,Liu Shao-bo.Main conditions for for-mation of middle-large gas fields and the potentialgas exploration areas in China[J].Earth ScienceFrontiers,2008,15(2):109-119.
[26]Zhao Z Y,Jin J Q.Oil and gas basin system,princi-ples and applications[J].Journal of Northwest Uni-versity,1996,26(2):147-158.
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