匹配追踪时频分析及其在油气检测中的应用
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摘要
地震波穿过地下含油气区时会表现为低频能量相对增强、高频能量相对减弱,准确提取地震波的低频能量和高频能量可以实现地下岩石的含油气性检测。利用短时傅里叶变换、S变换和引入尺度参数的匹配追踪算法对合成信号进行了试算,结果表明,引入尺度参数的Morlet小波匹配追踪算法不仅算法速度快,而且有更好的时频分辨率;通过对实际地震资料的匹配追踪计算,表明该算法也适用于实际资料;利用匹配追踪算法较准确地提取地震波的低频和高频能量,并对实际资料进行了含油气性预测,取得了与钻井一致的结果。
The seismic waves will comparatively enhance the low frequency energy and weaken the high frequency energy when propagating through the subsurface oil-gas-bearing media zone.Accurately extracting low frequency energy and high frequency energy of the seismic waves can realize the detection of the oil-gas-bearing nature of strata underground.In this paper,the synthetic signal was calculated by means of the short-time Fourier transform,S transform and introducing the matching trace algorithm with the scale parameters.The results show that the matching trace algorithm by introducing Morlet wavelet with the scale parameters not only holds a high speed but also has better time-frequency resolution.The application of field seismic data shows that the matching trace algorithm can achieve a good match of the field seismic data.The low frequency energy and high frequency energy of the seismic waves were exactly extracted by means of the matching trace algorithm and the prediction of oil-gas-bearing nature was conducted by using field data,conforming to the actual drilling data.
The seismic waves will comparatively enhance the low frequency energy and weaken the high frequency energy when propagating through the subsurface oil-gas-bearing media zone.Accurately extracting low frequency energy and high frequency energy of the seismic waves can realize the detection of the oil-gas-bearing nature of strata underground.In this paper,the synthetic signal was calculated by means of the short-time Fourier transform,S transform and introducing the matching trace algorithm with the scale parameters.The results show that the matching trace algorithm by introducing Morlet wavelet with the scale parameters not only holds a high speed but also has better time-frequency resolution.The application of field seismic data shows that the matching trace algorithm can achieve a good match of the field seismic data.The low frequency energy and high frequency energy of the seismic waves were exactly extracted by means of the matching trace algorithm and the prediction of oil-gas-bearing nature was conducted by using field data,conforming to the actual drilling data.
引文
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[11]LI UJ,MARTFURT KJ.Matching pursuit decomposition using Morlet wavelet[C]//75th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:786-789.
[12]CASTAGNAJ P,SUN S J,SIEGFRIED R W.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shadows asso-ciated with hydrocarbon[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):124-127.
[13]WANG B,PANN K.Kirchhoff migration of seismic data compressed by matching pursuit decomposition[C]//66th AnnualInternational Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:1642-1645.
[14]MORLETJ,ARENS G,FOURGEAU E,et al.Wave propagation and sampling theory partⅡ:Sampling theory and com-plex waves[J].Geophysics,1982,47:222-236.
[15]WANG Y H.Seismic ti me frequency spectral decomposition by matching pursuit[J].Geophysics,2007,72(1):13-20.
[16]LI Z S.Physical mechanismof seismic attenuationin a two-phase medium[J].Applied Geophysics,2008,5(1):9-17.
[2]PRIDE S R,BERRYMANJ G,HARRIS J M.Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced flow[J].Journal of Geophysical Re-search,2004,109:B01201.
[3]MULLER T M,GUREVICH B.Wave-induced fluid flowin random porous media:Attenuation and dispersion of elasticwaves[J].Acoustical Society America,2005,117:2732-2741.
[4]杨思通,程久龙,李守军,等.Kelvin-Voigt黏弹介质地震波衰减影响因素研究[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,29(5):1-4.YANG Sitong,CHENGJiulong,LI Shoujun,et al.Study on influence factors of seismic wave attenuation in Kelvin-Voigtviscoelastic media[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2010,29(5):1-4.
[5]张会星,何兵寿,姜效典,等.利用地震波在双相介质中的衰减特性检测油气[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):343-349.ZHANG Huixing,HE Bingshou,JIANG Xiaodian,et al.Utilizing attenuation characteristic of seismic wave in dual-phasemediumto detect oil and gas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(3),343-349.
[6]董建华,顾汉明,张星.几种时频分析方法的比较及应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(4):312-315.DONGJianhua,GU Hanming,ZHANG Xing.Acomparison of ti me-frequency analysis methods and their applications[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics.2007,4(4):312-315.
[7]GRIFFIN D,LI M J.Signal esti mation from modified short-ti me fourier transform[J].IEEE Transaction on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal processing,1984,32(2):236-243.
[8]DAUBECHIES I.The wavelet transfor ti me-frequency localization and signal analysis[J].IEEE Transaction on InformationTheory,1990,36:961-1004.
[9]STOCKWELL R G,MANSINHA L,LOWE R P.Localization of the complex spectrum:the S-transform[J].IEEE Transac-tions on Signal Processing,1996,17(6):998-1001.
[10]MALLATS,ZHANGZ.Matching pursuit withti me-frequency dictionaries[J].IEEE Transactions Signal Process,1993,41(12):3397-3421.
[11]LI UJ,MARTFURT KJ.Matching pursuit decomposition using Morlet wavelet[C]//75th Annual International Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:786-789.
[12]CASTAGNAJ P,SUN S J,SIEGFRIED R W.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shadows asso-ciated with hydrocarbon[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):124-127.
[13]WANG B,PANN K.Kirchhoff migration of seismic data compressed by matching pursuit decomposition[C]//66th AnnualInternational Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,1996,15:1642-1645.
[14]MORLETJ,ARENS G,FOURGEAU E,et al.Wave propagation and sampling theory partⅡ:Sampling theory and com-plex waves[J].Geophysics,1982,47:222-236.
[15]WANG Y H.Seismic ti me frequency spectral decomposition by matching pursuit[J].Geophysics,2007,72(1):13-20.
[16]LI Z S.Physical mechanismof seismic attenuationin a two-phase medium[J].Applied Geophysics,2008,5(1):9-17.
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