非线性AVO反演方法研究
|
摘要
与叠后地震数据相比,叠前地震数据包含有更多的反映地下地层特征的信息,利用AVO(Amplitude Versus Offset,振幅随偏移距的变化)信息通过求解Zoeppritz方程的近似公式,叠前反演可直接得到反映地下岩石特征的弹性参数——密度、纵波速度和横波速度.从本质上讲,叠前地震反演是非线性的,但目前多采用线性近似方法求解,降低了地震反演的精度.本文研究基于Aki-Richards近似公式的非线性叠前反演方法,分析了引起弹性参数非线性反演误差的因素,提出了反向加权系数的方法以均衡各反演参数的系数所引起的响应差异,并把具有较强的非线性搜索能力、能够更好地求取全局最优解的量子蒙特卡罗方法引入到叠前三参数非线性反演,改善了叠前反演的精度.理论和实例试算表明:该方法计算精度较高、稳定性较好.
Comparing with post-stack data,the pre-stack seismic data contains more information of the underground stratigraphic characteristics.By using AVO information and solving the approximate formula of Zoeppritz equation,pre-stack inversion can get elastic parameters directly,including density,v_p and v_s.That can improve our understanding of the underground geology greatly.Pre-stack seismic inversion,being essentially a nonlinear problem,was mostly solved approximatively by linear methods at present,which reduces the precision of seismic inversion.Based on Aki-Richards approximate formula,the paper proposed a reverse weighted method to balance the response difference caused by each parameter coefficient,and introduced quantum Monte Carlo method,with strong nonlinear search ability to seek the global optimal solution,into the pre-stack inversion for solving nonlinear equations directly,which could improve the precision of pre-stack inversion and the ability of quantitative reservoir characterization.The numerical simulation and examples both denote that this method has high calculation accuracy and good stability.
Comparing with post-stack data,the pre-stack seismic data contains more information of the underground stratigraphic characteristics.By using AVO information and solving the approximate formula of Zoeppritz equation,pre-stack inversion can get elastic parameters directly,including density,v_p and v_s.That can improve our understanding of the underground geology greatly.Pre-stack seismic inversion,being essentially a nonlinear problem,was mostly solved approximatively by linear methods at present,which reduces the precision of seismic inversion.Based on Aki-Richards approximate formula,the paper proposed a reverse weighted method to balance the response difference caused by each parameter coefficient,and introduced quantum Monte Carlo method,with strong nonlinear search ability to seek the global optimal solution,into the pre-stack inversion for solving nonlinear equations directly,which could improve the precision of pre-stack inversion and the ability of quantitative reservoir characterization.The numerical simulation and examples both denote that this method has high calculation accuracy and good stability.
引文
[1] 黄绪德.反褶积与地震道反演.北京:石油工业出版社,1992 Huang X D.Deconvolution and Seismic Inversion (in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1992
[2] 俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1993 Yu S P.High Resolution Seismic Survey (in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993
[3] 李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.北京:石油工业出版社,1994 Ii Q Z.To the Way of Accurate Exploration (in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994
[4] Zoeppritz K.On the reflection and penetration of seismic waves through unstable layers.Erdbebenwellen VILB,Goettinger Nachrichten I,1919． 66～84
[5] Koefoed O.On the effect of Poisson's ratios of rock strata on the reflection coefficients of plane waves.Geophysical Prospecting,1955,3(4) :381～387
[6] Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence.Geophysics,1984,49(10) :1637～1648
[7] Bortfeld R.Approximation to the reflection and transmission coefficients of plane longitudinal and transverse waves.Geophysical Prospecting ,1961,9(4) :485～505
[8] Hilterman F J.Seismic Lithology.SEG-Continuing Education.1983
[9] Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods.New York:Freeman and Co.,1980
[10] Shuey R T.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations.Geophysics,1985,50(4) :609～614
[11] Smith G C,Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas.Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(9) :993～1014
[12] Gardner G H F,Gardner L W,Gregory A R.Formation velocity and density,the diagnostic basics for stratigraphic traps.Geophysics,1974,39(6) :770～780
[13] 郑晓东.Zoeppritz方程的近似及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(2) :129～144 Zheng X D.Approximation of Zoeppritz equation and its application.Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),1991,26(2) :129～144
[14] Zheng X D.United formulas for reflection and transmission in potential.In.The 62nd SEG Meeting.1992． 1282～1284
[15] Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.Detection ol gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,1994,59(9) :1362～1376
[16] Verm R,Hilterman F.Lithology color-coded seismic sections:The calibration of AVO crossplotting to rock properties.The Leading Edge ,1995,14(8) :847～853
[17] Smith G C.3-parameter geo-stack.In:The 66th SEG Meeting.1996． 1747～1750
[18] Goodway W,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lame petrophysics parameters:"Lamda-Rho","Mu-Rho",and " Lamda/Mu fluid stack",from P and S inversions.In:The 67th SEG Meeting.1997． 183～186
[19] Gray D.Elastic inversion for Lame parameters.In:The 72nd SEG Meeting.2002． 197～200
[20] Ursenbach C P.A non-linear,three-parameter AVO method that can be solved non-iteratively.In:The 74th SEG Meeting.2004． 243～246
[21] Downton J E,Lines L R.Three term AVO waveform inversion.In,The 74th SEG Meeting.2004． 215-218
[22] Ceperley D M,Alder B J.Quantum Monte Carlo.Science,1986,231(4738) :555～560
[23] Donsker M D,Kac M.A sampling method for determining the lowest eigenvalue and the principal eigenfunction of Schrodinger equation.J.Res.Natl.Bur.Std.,1950,44:551～557
[24] 魏超,李小凡,张美根.基于量子蒙特卡罗的地球物理反演方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1494～1502 Wei C,Li X F,Zhang M G.The geophysical inverse method based on quantum Monte Carlo.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5) :1494～1502
[25] 马文淦.计算物理学.北京:科学出版社,2005 Ma W G.Calculation Physics (in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2005
[26] Pang T.An Introduction to Computational Physics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2006
[2] 俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1993 Yu S P.High Resolution Seismic Survey (in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993
[3] 李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.北京:石油工业出版社,1994 Ii Q Z.To the Way of Accurate Exploration (in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994
[4] Zoeppritz K.On the reflection and penetration of seismic waves through unstable layers.Erdbebenwellen VILB,Goettinger Nachrichten I,1919． 66～84
[5] Koefoed O.On the effect of Poisson's ratios of rock strata on the reflection coefficients of plane waves.Geophysical Prospecting,1955,3(4) :381～387
[6] Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at non-normal angles of incidence.Geophysics,1984,49(10) :1637～1648
[7] Bortfeld R.Approximation to the reflection and transmission coefficients of plane longitudinal and transverse waves.Geophysical Prospecting ,1961,9(4) :485～505
[8] Hilterman F J.Seismic Lithology.SEG-Continuing Education.1983
[9] Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods.New York:Freeman and Co.,1980
[10] Shuey R T.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations.Geophysics,1985,50(4) :609～614
[11] Smith G C,Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas.Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(9) :993～1014
[12] Gardner G H F,Gardner L W,Gregory A R.Formation velocity and density,the diagnostic basics for stratigraphic traps.Geophysics,1974,39(6) :770～780
[13] 郑晓东.Zoeppritz方程的近似及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(2) :129～144 Zheng X D.Approximation of Zoeppritz equation and its application.Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),1991,26(2) :129～144
[14] Zheng X D.United formulas for reflection and transmission in potential.In.The 62nd SEG Meeting.1992． 1282～1284
[15] Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.Detection ol gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,1994,59(9) :1362～1376
[16] Verm R,Hilterman F.Lithology color-coded seismic sections:The calibration of AVO crossplotting to rock properties.The Leading Edge ,1995,14(8) :847～853
[17] Smith G C.3-parameter geo-stack.In:The 66th SEG Meeting.1996． 1747～1750
[18] Goodway W,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lame petrophysics parameters:"Lamda-Rho","Mu-Rho",and " Lamda/Mu fluid stack",from P and S inversions.In:The 67th SEG Meeting.1997． 183～186
[19] Gray D.Elastic inversion for Lame parameters.In:The 72nd SEG Meeting.2002． 197～200
[20] Ursenbach C P.A non-linear,three-parameter AVO method that can be solved non-iteratively.In:The 74th SEG Meeting.2004． 243～246
[21] Downton J E,Lines L R.Three term AVO waveform inversion.In,The 74th SEG Meeting.2004． 215-218
[22] Ceperley D M,Alder B J.Quantum Monte Carlo.Science,1986,231(4738) :555～560
[23] Donsker M D,Kac M.A sampling method for determining the lowest eigenvalue and the principal eigenfunction of Schrodinger equation.J.Res.Natl.Bur.Std.,1950,44:551～557
[24] 魏超,李小凡,张美根.基于量子蒙特卡罗的地球物理反演方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1494～1502 Wei C,Li X F,Zhang M G.The geophysical inverse method based on quantum Monte Carlo.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5) :1494～1502
[25] 马文淦.计算物理学.北京:科学出版社,2005 Ma W G.Calculation Physics (in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2005
[26] Pang T.An Introduction to Computational Physics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2006
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心