银川隐伏断层钻孔联合剖面探测
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摘要
为获取银川隐伏断层近地表断错、上断点埋深、最新活动时代及滑动速率等信息,在浅层地震勘探基础上,沿断层自北向南横跨主断层布施了新渠梢、满春和板桥3条钻孔联合剖面,确定了主断层在3条剖面上的准确位置,获得主断层上断点埋深分别为5·18~8·30m(新渠梢)、5·01~6·50m(满春)和10·0~13·59m(板桥)。结合测年数据分析:新渠梢剖面断层全新世活动,晚更新世末期以来滑动速率为0·14mm/a;满春剖面断层也是全新世活动,但晚更新世末期以来滑动速率为0·05mm/a;板桥剖面断层全新世不活动。综合地震勘探资料进一步分析认为,以银古路为界,目标区银川隐伏断层分南北2段:北段属全新世活动断层,且自北向南活动强度呈减弱趋势,南段属晚更新世末期活动断层;北段活动强度显著大于南段。
This paper introduces the result of exploration of the Yinchuan buried fault using the composite drilling section method. As one of the main buried faults in Yinchuan plain,the Yinchuan buried fault has restricted seriously the development of Yinchuan City for a long time due to its indistinct location and unclear activity property. So the Yinchuan buried fault was taken as one of main tasks of active fault exploration in Yinchuan City. Most of shallow seismic explorations had been done before the drilling. However,due to the limited precision of shallow seismic exploration,the actual location of the Yinchuan buried fault can't be explored. For obtaining the information about the location and the depth of the upper break point, the active time and slip rate of the Yinchuan buried fault,three composite drilling sections,Xinqushao, Manchun and Banqiao,were laid out along the Yinchuan Fault based on the result of shallow seismic exploration. After comparing with the marker horizons disclosed by drilling,the position,scale and the depth of the upper break point of Yinchuan buried fault were found,and the buried active fault was located precisely. From the exploration result we get the apparent dip of the Yinchuan buried fault as 71 degrees at Xinqushao,71 dgrees at Manchun and 66 degrees at Banqiao,and the depth of the upper break points as \{5.18～\} 8.30m,\{5.01～\}6.50m and from \{10.0～\} 13.59m,respectively. Therefore,the latest active date of the Yinchuan buried fault is determined and the question whether the fault is active or not is answered by dating. The Yinchuan buried fault at Xinqushao and Manchun sections is manifested as a Holocene active fault, and at Banqiao,it is shown as a late Pleistocene active fault. The slip rate of the Yinchuan buried fault since late Pleistocene is 0.14mm/a at Xinqushao,0.05mm/a at Manchun and 0mm/a at Banqiao. Based on the result obtained from seismic exploration and the spatial positions of the three composite drilling sections,we draw the following conclusions:the Yinchuan buried fault can be divided into two segments with Yingu Road as the boundary; the northern segment was active in Holocene and the southern one was active in late Pleistocene; the activity of the northern segment is more recent than that of the southern one.
This paper introduces the result of exploration of the Yinchuan buried fault using the composite drilling section method. As one of the main buried faults in Yinchuan plain,the Yinchuan buried fault has restricted seriously the development of Yinchuan City for a long time due to its indistinct location and unclear activity property. So the Yinchuan buried fault was taken as one of main tasks of active fault exploration in Yinchuan City. Most of shallow seismic explorations had been done before the drilling. However,due to the limited precision of shallow seismic exploration,the actual location of the Yinchuan buried fault can't be explored. For obtaining the information about the location and the depth of the upper break point, the active time and slip rate of the Yinchuan buried fault,three composite drilling sections,Xinqushao, Manchun and Banqiao,were laid out along the Yinchuan Fault based on the result of shallow seismic exploration. After comparing with the marker horizons disclosed by drilling,the position,scale and the depth of the upper break point of Yinchuan buried fault were found,and the buried active fault was located precisely. From the exploration result we get the apparent dip of the Yinchuan buried fault as 71 degrees at Xinqushao,71 dgrees at Manchun and 66 degrees at Banqiao,and the depth of the upper break points as \{5.18～\} 8.30m,\{5.01～\}6.50m and from \{10.0～\} 13.59m,respectively. Therefore,the latest active date of the Yinchuan buried fault is determined and the question whether the fault is active or not is answered by dating. The Yinchuan buried fault at Xinqushao and Manchun sections is manifested as a Holocene active fault, and at Banqiao,it is shown as a late Pleistocene active fault. The slip rate of the Yinchuan buried fault since late Pleistocene is 0.14mm/a at Xinqushao,0.05mm/a at Manchun and 0mm/a at Banqiao. Based on the result obtained from seismic exploration and the spatial positions of the three composite drilling sections,we draw the following conclusions:the Yinchuan buried fault can be divided into two segments with Yingu Road as the boundary; the northern segment was active in Holocene and the southern one was active in late Pleistocene; the activity of the northern segment is more recent than that of the southern one.
引文
国家地震局“鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系”课题组.1998.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社.The Research Group on Active Fault System around Ordos Massif,SSB.1998.Active Fault System around OrdosMassif[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
孟广魁,王增光,廖玉华,等.1994.银川平原地震区划研究[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社.MENG Guang-kui,WANG Zeng-guang,LIAO Yu-hua,et al.1994.Yinchuan Plain Earthquake RegionalizationResearch[M].Ningxia People s Press,Yinchuan(in Chinese).
柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.2006.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测:以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J].地震地质,28(4):536—544.CHAI Chi-zhang,MENG Guang-kui,DU Peng,et al.2006.Comprehensive multi-level exploration of buried activefault:an example of Yinchuan buried active fault[J].Seismology and Geology,28(4):536—544(in Chinese).
向宏发,方仲景.1990.北京平原区隐伏断裂的探测研究[A].见:国家地震局编.中国地震年鉴.北京:地震出版社.XIANG Hong-fa,FANG Zhong-jing.1990.Exploration study of buried faults in the Beijing Plain area[A].In:StateSeismological Bureau(ed).China Earthquake Yearbook.Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
向宏发,方仲景,张晚霞,等.1991.南口-孙河断裂活动性的初步研究[A].见:国家地震局编.中国地震年鉴.北京:地震出版社.XIANG Hong-fa,FANG Zhong-jing,ZHANG Wan-xia,et al.1991.Preliminary study of Nankou-Sunhe Fault activities[A].In:State Seismological Bureau(ed).China Earthquake Yearbook.Seismological Press,Beijing(inChinese).
向宏发,方仲景,张晚霞,等.1993.北京平原区隐伏断裂晚第四纪活动性的初步研究[J].地震学报,15(3):385—388.XIANG Hong-fa,FANG Zhong-jing,ZHANG Wan-xia,et al.1993.Preliminary study of late Quaternary activities ofburied faults in the Beijing Plain area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,15(3):385—388(in Chinese).
向宏发,王学潮,虢顺民,等.2000.聊城-兰考隐伏断裂第四纪活动性的综合探测研究[J].地震地质,22(4):351—359.XIANG Hong-fa,WANG Xue-chao,GUO Shun-min,et al.2000.Integrated survey and investigation on the Quaternaryactivity of the Liaocheng-Lankao buried fault[J].Seismology and Geology,22(4):351—359(in Chinese).
邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康,等.2003.城市活断层探测的方法和技术[J].地学前缘,10(1):150—162.DENG Qi-dong,XU Xi-wei,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2003.Methods and techniques for surveying and prospectingactive faults in urban areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(1):150—162(in Chinese).
朱金芳,徐锡伟,黄宗林,等.2005.福州市活断层探测与地震危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社.246—278.ZHU Jin-fang,XU Xi-wei,HUANG Zong-lin,et al.2005.Active faults exploration and seismic hazard assessment inFuzhou city[M].Science Press,Beijing.246—278(in Chinese).
江娃利.2001.北京平原夏垫断裂潘各庄钻孔晚更新世晚期以来古地震事件分析[A].见:中国地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(8).北京:地震出版社.140—147.JIANG Wa-li.2001.Paleoearthquake analysis of the Xiadian Fault since the late period of late Pleistocene epoch fromPangezhuang boring in Beijing Plain[A].In:Institute of Geology,CSB(ed).Research on Active Fault(8).Seismological Press,Beijing.140—147(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,计凤桔,于贵华,等.2000.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究[J].地震地质,22(1):9—19.XU Xi-wei,JI Feng-ju,YU Gui-hua,et al.2000.Reconstruction of paleo-earthquake sequence using stratigraphicrecords from drill logs:a study at the Xiadian Fault,Beijing[J].Seismology and Geology,22(1):9—19(inChinese).
徐锡伟,吴为民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.118—127.XU Xi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.Latest tectonic movement in the crust and earthquakes inthe region around capital[M].Science Press,Beijing.118—127(in Chinese).
中国地震局.2005.中国地震活断层探测技术系统技术规程[S].北京:地震出版社.China Earthquake Adminstration.2005.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying[S].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
杨晓平,郑荣章,张兰凤,等.2007.浅层地震勘探资料地质解释过程中值得重视的问题[J].地震地质,29(2):1—11.YANG Xiao-ping,ZHENG Rong-zhang,ZHANG Lan-feng,et al.2007.Some problems worth considering in thegeological explanation of shallow seismic prospecting data[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):1—11(inChinese).
孟广魁,王增光,廖玉华,等.1994.银川平原地震区划研究[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社.MENG Guang-kui,WANG Zeng-guang,LIAO Yu-hua,et al.1994.Yinchuan Plain Earthquake RegionalizationResearch[M].Ningxia People s Press,Yinchuan(in Chinese).
柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.2006.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测:以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J].地震地质,28(4):536—544.CHAI Chi-zhang,MENG Guang-kui,DU Peng,et al.2006.Comprehensive multi-level exploration of buried activefault:an example of Yinchuan buried active fault[J].Seismology and Geology,28(4):536—544(in Chinese).
向宏发,方仲景.1990.北京平原区隐伏断裂的探测研究[A].见:国家地震局编.中国地震年鉴.北京:地震出版社.XIANG Hong-fa,FANG Zhong-jing.1990.Exploration study of buried faults in the Beijing Plain area[A].In:StateSeismological Bureau(ed).China Earthquake Yearbook.Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
向宏发,方仲景,张晚霞,等.1991.南口-孙河断裂活动性的初步研究[A].见:国家地震局编.中国地震年鉴.北京:地震出版社.XIANG Hong-fa,FANG Zhong-jing,ZHANG Wan-xia,et al.1991.Preliminary study of Nankou-Sunhe Fault activities[A].In:State Seismological Bureau(ed).China Earthquake Yearbook.Seismological Press,Beijing(inChinese).
向宏发,方仲景,张晚霞,等.1993.北京平原区隐伏断裂晚第四纪活动性的初步研究[J].地震学报,15(3):385—388.XIANG Hong-fa,FANG Zhong-jing,ZHANG Wan-xia,et al.1993.Preliminary study of late Quaternary activities ofburied faults in the Beijing Plain area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,15(3):385—388(in Chinese).
向宏发,王学潮,虢顺民,等.2000.聊城-兰考隐伏断裂第四纪活动性的综合探测研究[J].地震地质,22(4):351—359.XIANG Hong-fa,WANG Xue-chao,GUO Shun-min,et al.2000.Integrated survey and investigation on the Quaternaryactivity of the Liaocheng-Lankao buried fault[J].Seismology and Geology,22(4):351—359(in Chinese).
邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康,等.2003.城市活断层探测的方法和技术[J].地学前缘,10(1):150—162.DENG Qi-dong,XU Xi-wei,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2003.Methods and techniques for surveying and prospectingactive faults in urban areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(1):150—162(in Chinese).
朱金芳,徐锡伟,黄宗林,等.2005.福州市活断层探测与地震危险性评价[M].北京:科学出版社.246—278.ZHU Jin-fang,XU Xi-wei,HUANG Zong-lin,et al.2005.Active faults exploration and seismic hazard assessment inFuzhou city[M].Science Press,Beijing.246—278(in Chinese).
江娃利.2001.北京平原夏垫断裂潘各庄钻孔晚更新世晚期以来古地震事件分析[A].见:中国地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(8).北京:地震出版社.140—147.JIANG Wa-li.2001.Paleoearthquake analysis of the Xiadian Fault since the late period of late Pleistocene epoch fromPangezhuang boring in Beijing Plain[A].In:Institute of Geology,CSB(ed).Research on Active Fault(8).Seismological Press,Beijing.140—147(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,计凤桔,于贵华,等.2000.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究[J].地震地质,22(1):9—19.XU Xi-wei,JI Feng-ju,YU Gui-hua,et al.2000.Reconstruction of paleo-earthquake sequence using stratigraphicrecords from drill logs:a study at the Xiadian Fault,Beijing[J].Seismology and Geology,22(1):9—19(inChinese).
徐锡伟,吴为民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.118—127.XU Xi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.Latest tectonic movement in the crust and earthquakes inthe region around capital[M].Science Press,Beijing.118—127(in Chinese).
中国地震局.2005.中国地震活断层探测技术系统技术规程[S].北京:地震出版社.China Earthquake Adminstration.2005.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying[S].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
杨晓平,郑荣章,张兰凤,等.2007.浅层地震勘探资料地质解释过程中值得重视的问题[J].地震地质,29(2):1—11.YANG Xiao-ping,ZHENG Rong-zhang,ZHANG Lan-feng,et al.2007.Some problems worth considering in thegeological explanation of shallow seismic prospecting data[J].Seismology and Geology,29(2):1—11(inChinese).
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