长白山火山最新监测信息
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摘要
长白山火山最新监测结果显示,自2010年5月份开始,聚龙温泉2个泉点水温同步上升了3℃;2010年长白山北坡垂直位移量打破了火山锥体每年升高4mm左右的规律:与2009年相比,火山锥体的位移在垂向上发生逆转,海拔最高的水准点在1年内突降12.72mm。本文针对上述2个最新的火山监测信息进行了报道,并对造成这种变化的可能原因进行了讨论。火山活动进入活跃时段的标志是大量火山地震、震群的发生,以及幔源岩浆气体He含量的大幅度上升。然而,现阶段长白山火山区并未出现这2种现象。因此,本文讨论的2个异常还不足以作为长白山火山已经进入新的活跃时段的证据,准确的预测应该密切关注火山地震和幔源气体含量的变化。最后通过N2-He-CO2三角图解初步研究了天池火山气体来源,结果显示:2002～2005年火山出现"初始扰动",深部气体He含量升高,三角图解中气体向He角运移;2005年后火山转入平静状态,气体组份又开始向N2角运移。He浓度的变化特征反应了岩浆房内岩浆成分的变化过程。
Temperatures of two hot springs around the Changbaishan volcano(NE China) have simultaneously increased about 3℃ since May 2010 based on the newest monitoring results of the Changbaishan Volcano Observatory.Moreover,the altitude of northern slope of the Changbaishan volcano cone decrease about 12.72mm in 2010 whereas it increases around 4mm/a before 2009.This study preliminarily discusses the possible reasons for occurrence of above observations and precludes a link to the active phase of the Changbaishan volcano in the near future.Because the active period of the volcano is characterized by large amounts of volcanic earthquakes swarms and sharp increase in mantle-derived He contents,more precise prediction should be made on the base of detail monitoring work on volcanic earthquakes and volcanic gases in future.Using N2-He-CO2 ternary diagram,we recognize that the concentration of He increased aggressively from 2002 to 2005,and the gases in the ternary diagram immigrated to the He apex during the primitive perturbation episode.Changbaishan volcano has entered into a quiescent episode since 2005 and the emitted gases began to immigrate to the N2 apex.The variation of He concentration in the emitted gases reflects the characteristics of gas composition evolution in magma chamber.
Temperatures of two hot springs around the Changbaishan volcano(NE China) have simultaneously increased about 3℃ since May 2010 based on the newest monitoring results of the Changbaishan Volcano Observatory.Moreover,the altitude of northern slope of the Changbaishan volcano cone decrease about 12.72mm in 2010 whereas it increases around 4mm/a before 2009.This study preliminarily discusses the possible reasons for occurrence of above observations and precludes a link to the active phase of the Changbaishan volcano in the near future.Because the active period of the volcano is characterized by large amounts of volcanic earthquakes swarms and sharp increase in mantle-derived He contents,more precise prediction should be made on the base of detail monitoring work on volcanic earthquakes and volcanic gases in future.Using N2-He-CO2 ternary diagram,we recognize that the concentration of He increased aggressively from 2002 to 2005,and the gases in the ternary diagram immigrated to the He apex during the primitive perturbation episode.Changbaishan volcano has entered into a quiescent episode since 2005 and the emitted gases began to immigrate to the N2 apex.The variation of He concentration in the emitted gases reflects the characteristics of gas composition evolution in magma chamber.
引文
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Dowden J,Kapadia P,Brown GC and Rymer H.1991.Dynamicsof ageyser eruption.Journal of Geophysical Research,96:18059-18071
Dzurisin D,Poland MP and Bürgmann R.2002.Steady subsidence ofMedicine Lake volcano,northern California,revealed by repeatedleveling surveys.J.Geophys.Res.,107(B12):doi:10.1029/2001JB000893
Guo LQ.1990.Modern crustal vertical deformation in northeast Chinablock region and meaning of tectonic activity.NortheasternSeismological Research,6(3):15-20(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Lee HF,Yang TF,Lan TF et al.2008.Temporal variations of gascompositions of fumaroles in the Tatun Volcano Group,northernTaiwan.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,178:624-635
Li K,Liu JQ,Pan XD et al.2009.Crust deformation monitoring and research in Tianchi volcano area,Changbai mountains from2000～2007.Seismology and Geology,31(4):639-646(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Liu GM,Yang JK and Wang LJ.2011.Analysis of Tianchi volcano inChangbai Mountain,NE China.Global Geology,14(1):44-53
Liu MJ,Gu ML,Sun ZG,Wei HQ and Jin BL.2004.The activity ofmajor faults and the hydrothermal alternation zone at Tianchi volcanoof Changbaishan.Earthquake Research in China,18(3):253-262
Priatna and Kadarsetia E.2007.Characteristics of volcanic gas correlatedto the eruption activity:Case study in the Merapi Volcano,periods of1990～1994.Jurnal Geologi Indonesia,2(4):235-246
Rowe GL,Brantley SL,Fernandez JF and Borgia A.1995.The chemicaland hydrologic structure of Poa's Volcano,Costa Rica.Journal ofVolcanology and Geothermal Research,64:233-267
Rymer H,Cassidy J,Locke CA et al.2000.Geophysical studies of therecent15-year eruptive cycle at Poás Volcano,Costa Rica.Journalof Volcanology and Geothermal Research,97:425-452
Shangguan ZG,Zhao CP,Gao L et al.2006.Carbon isotopiccompositions of the methane derived from magma at the activevolcano regions in China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(6):1458-1464(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sigmundsson F and Vadon H.1997.Massonnet,Readjustment of theKrafla spreading segment to crustal rifting measured by satellite radarinterferometry.Geophysical Research Letter,24:1843-1846
Wu JP,Ming YH,Fang LH and Wang WL.2009.S-wave velocitystructure beneath Changbaishan volcano inferred from receiverfunction.Acta Seismologica Sinica,22(4):409-416
郭良迁.1990.东北断块区的现代垂直形变及其构造活动的意义.东北地震研究,6(3):15-20
李克,刘俊清,盘晓东等.2009.2000～2007年期间长白山天池火山区地壳变形监测与分析.地震地质,31(4):639-646
上官志冠,赵慈平,高玲等.2006.中国活动火山区甲烷的碳同位素研究.岩石学报,22(6):1458-1464
Delaney P and McTigue DF.1994.Volume of magma accumulation orwithdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence,withapplication to the1960collapse of Kilauea Volcano.Bulletin ofVolcanology,56:417-424
Dowden J,Kapadia P,Brown GC and Rymer H.1991.Dynamicsof ageyser eruption.Journal of Geophysical Research,96:18059-18071
Dzurisin D,Poland MP and Bürgmann R.2002.Steady subsidence ofMedicine Lake volcano,northern California,revealed by repeatedleveling surveys.J.Geophys.Res.,107(B12):doi:10.1029/2001JB000893
Guo LQ.1990.Modern crustal vertical deformation in northeast Chinablock region and meaning of tectonic activity.NortheasternSeismological Research,6(3):15-20(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Lee HF,Yang TF,Lan TF et al.2008.Temporal variations of gascompositions of fumaroles in the Tatun Volcano Group,northernTaiwan.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,178:624-635
Li K,Liu JQ,Pan XD et al.2009.Crust deformation monitoring and research in Tianchi volcano area,Changbai mountains from2000～2007.Seismology and Geology,31(4):639-646(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Liu GM,Yang JK and Wang LJ.2011.Analysis of Tianchi volcano inChangbai Mountain,NE China.Global Geology,14(1):44-53
Liu MJ,Gu ML,Sun ZG,Wei HQ and Jin BL.2004.The activity ofmajor faults and the hydrothermal alternation zone at Tianchi volcanoof Changbaishan.Earthquake Research in China,18(3):253-262
Priatna and Kadarsetia E.2007.Characteristics of volcanic gas correlatedto the eruption activity:Case study in the Merapi Volcano,periods of1990～1994.Jurnal Geologi Indonesia,2(4):235-246
Rowe GL,Brantley SL,Fernandez JF and Borgia A.1995.The chemicaland hydrologic structure of Poa's Volcano,Costa Rica.Journal ofVolcanology and Geothermal Research,64:233-267
Rymer H,Cassidy J,Locke CA et al.2000.Geophysical studies of therecent15-year eruptive cycle at Poás Volcano,Costa Rica.Journalof Volcanology and Geothermal Research,97:425-452
Shangguan ZG,Zhao CP,Gao L et al.2006.Carbon isotopiccompositions of the methane derived from magma at the activevolcano regions in China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(6):1458-1464(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sigmundsson F and Vadon H.1997.Massonnet,Readjustment of theKrafla spreading segment to crustal rifting measured by satellite radarinterferometry.Geophysical Research Letter,24:1843-1846
Wu JP,Ming YH,Fang LH and Wang WL.2009.S-wave velocitystructure beneath Changbaishan volcano inferred from receiverfunction.Acta Seismologica Sinica,22(4):409-416
郭良迁.1990.东北断块区的现代垂直形变及其构造活动的意义.东北地震研究,6(3):15-20
李克,刘俊清,盘晓东等.2009.2000～2007年期间长白山天池火山区地壳变形监测与分析.地震地质,31(4):639-646
上官志冠,赵慈平,高玲等.2006.中国活动火山区甲烷的碳同位素研究.岩石学报,22(6):1458-1464
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