利用基于T-K算子的非线性能量衰减分析技术进行储层含油气检测
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摘要
以地震资料为主体的储层含油气性检测技术在油气田勘探开发过程中发挥着重要的作用.基于含油气储层可以造成地震波高频能量衰减剧烈而低频能量衰减较弱的特性,结合小波变换与T-K算子对地震波不同频率能量进行非线性跟踪,通过定量表征地震记录高频非线性能量的衰减梯度,为储层含油气检测提供有效信息.基于TK算子的非线性能量是不同频率与振幅信息的综合表征物理量,较常规的基于频谱能量衰减分析技术,非线性能量衰减对含油气储层具有更加敏感的识别能力,并结合粘弹性介质数值模拟记录对其进行了验证.实际资料的应用效果进一步表明基于T-K算子的非线性能量衰减分析技术对油气富集区具有较为有效的检测能力.
The hydrocarbon detection technology based on the seismic information plays an important role in the oil and gas exploration and development.Based on the characteristic that high frequency energy of seismic wave can be more attenuated than the low frequency energy,we make the nonlinear tracking of the different frequency energy component of the seismic wave using the wavelet transform and nonlinear T-K operator.The attenuation gradient of the high frequency nonlinear energy can be estimated quantitatively as a useful attribute for the hydrocarbon detection.The nonlinear energy based on the T-K operator is a combined parameter of frequency and amplitude, which is more sensitive to the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir than the normal attenuation analysis based on the spectral energy.The model test using the numerical simulation of viscoclastic medium verifies the sensitivity.The real application shows that the T-K operator-based nonlinear energy attenuation analysis can detect the hydrocarbonbearing reservoir effectively.
The hydrocarbon detection technology based on the seismic information plays an important role in the oil and gas exploration and development.Based on the characteristic that high frequency energy of seismic wave can be more attenuated than the low frequency energy,we make the nonlinear tracking of the different frequency energy component of the seismic wave using the wavelet transform and nonlinear T-K operator.The attenuation gradient of the high frequency nonlinear energy can be estimated quantitatively as a useful attribute for the hydrocarbon detection.The nonlinear energy based on the T-K operator is a combined parameter of frequency and amplitude, which is more sensitive to the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir than the normal attenuation analysis based on the spectral energy.The model test using the numerical simulation of viscoclastic medium verifies the sensitivity.The real application shows that the T-K operator-based nonlinear energy attenuation analysis can detect the hydrocarbonbearing reservoir effectively.
引文
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[15]肖高杰,杨长春,范兴斌,等.谱分解技术在W区河道识别中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):568-572. Xiao G J,Yang C C,Fan X B,et al.Application of spectral decomposition method in channel identifying at W area[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):568-572.
[16]Satish Sinha,Partha Routh,and Phil Anno.Instantaneous spectral attributes using scales in continuous-wavelet transform[J].Geophysics,2009,74(2),WA137-WA142.
[17]张金陵,符力耘,孙秋霞,等.基于地震剖面瞬时峰值能量频率的衰减分析与气藏预测方法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24 (5):1723-1731. Zhang J L,Fu I,Y,Sun Q X,et al.Seismic attenuation analysis and gas recognition using instantaneous peak energy frequency of seismic profile[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(5).1723-1731.
[18]董宁,杨立强.基于小波变换的吸收衰减技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):533- 538. Dong N,Yang L Q.Application of absorption and attenuation based on wavelet transform for prediction of reservoir in tahe oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):533-538.
[19]郝召兵,秦静欣,伍向阳.地震波品质因子Q研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):375-381. Hao Z B,Qin J X,Wu X Y.Overview of research on the seismic wave quality factor(Q)[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(2):375-381.
[20]Ebrom Dam.The low-frequency gas shadow on seismic sections [J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(8):772.
[21]陈雨红,杨长春,曹奇放,等.几种时频分析方法比较[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1180-1185. Chen Y H,Yang C C,Cao Q F,et al.The comparison of some time-frequency analysis method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1180-1185.
[22]Marcilio Castro de Matos,Brazilian Military,Rio de Janeiro, et al.Revealing geological features through seismic attributes extracted from the wavelet transform Teager-Kaiser energy [C].Expanded Abstracts of the 77thAnnual Internat SEG Meeting,2007,1442-1446.
[23]Marcilio Castro de Matos,Kurt J.Marfurt,Paulo Johann,et al.Wavelet transform Teager-Kaiser energy applied to a carbonate field in Brazil[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(6): 708-713.
[24]熊晓军,王小品,贺振华.基于非线性能量分析的鲕滩储层预测方法[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版).2010,32(4):1 -5. Xiong X J,Wang X P,He Z H.Olitic reservoir prediction method based on nonlinear energy analysis[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&.Technology Edition).2010,32(4):1-5.
[25]Mitchell J T,Derzhi N,Lichma E.Energy absorption analysis:A case study[C].Expanded Abstracts of the 66thAnnual Internal SEG Meeting,1996,1785-1788
[26]Eugene Lichman,Gennady Goloshubin.Unified Approach to Gas and Fluid Detection on Instantaneous Seismic Wavelets [C].Expanded Abstracts of the 73thAnnual Internal SEG Meeting,2003,1699-1702.
[27]J F Kaiser.On a simple algorithm to calculate the energy of a signal[J].IEEE,1990(2):381-384.
[28]胡光书.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001, 252-288. Hu G S.Modern Signal Processing[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2001,252-288.
[29]何兵红,吴国忱,梁锴,等.粘弹性介质单程波法非零偏移距地震数值模拟与偏移.地球物理学进展[J],2009,24(4):1299- 1312. He B H,Wu G C,Liang K,et al.Numerical simulation and migration of non-zero offset seismic wave in viscoelastic medium by one-way wave equation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1299-1312.
[2]彭真明,李亚林,魏文阁,等.粒子滤波非线性AVO反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1218-1225. Peng ZM.Li Y L.Wei W G,et al.Nonlinear AVO inversion using particle filter[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2008,51(4):1218-1225.
[3]熊晓军,尹成,张白林,等.高阶统计量油气检测方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):920-927. Xiong X J.Yin C.Zhang B L.el al.Method research of forecasting oil and gas using higher order statistics[J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):920-927.
[4]杨培杰,印兴耀.非线性二次规划贝叶斯叠前反演[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6)1876-1882. Yang P J,Yin X Y.Non-linear quadratic programming Bayesian prestack inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1876-1882.
[5]印兴耀,张世鑫,张繁昌,等.利用基于Russell近似的弹性波阻抗反演进行储层描述和流体识别[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2010,45(3):373-380. Yin X Y,Zhang S X,Zhang F C,et al.Utilizing Russell Approximation-based elastic wave impedance inversion to conduct reservoir description and fluid identification[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(3):373-380.
[6]彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪,等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):881-885. Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu SH,et al.Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in chinese), 2008,51(3):881-885.
[7]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898. Li H B,Zhao W Z,Cao H,et al.Characteristics of seismic attenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):892-898.
[8]Enru Liu,Mark Chapman,Nick Loizou,et al.Applications of spectral decomposition for AVO analyses in the west of Shetland[C].Expanded Abstracts of the 76thAnnual Internat SEG Meeting,2006,279-283.
[9]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3): 853-861. Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extraction using instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of direct waves of VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51 (3):853-861.
[10]Taner M T,Koehler F,Sheriff R E.Complex seismic Trace analysis[J].Geophysics,1979,44(6):1041-1063.
[11]陈学华,贺振华,黄德济,等.时频域油气储层低频阴影检测[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):215-221. Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.Low frequency shadow detection of gas reservoirs in time-frequency domain [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):215- 221.
[12]张波,王真理,周永生,等.谱分解在含气检测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1360-1364. Zhang B,Wang Z L,Zhou S S,et al.Application of Spectral decomposition to gas detection[J].Progress in Geophys,(in Chinese),2010,25(4):1360-1364.
[13]Castagna J P,Sun S,Siegfried R W.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Detection of low frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbon[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120-127.
[14]黄饶,陈小宏,李景叶.基于谱分解的气藏识别技术与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):35-39. Huang R,Cheng X H,Li J Y.Spectral decomposition based gas reservoir identification technique and its application[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(1):35-39.
[15]肖高杰,杨长春,范兴斌,等.谱分解技术在W区河道识别中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):568-572. Xiao G J,Yang C C,Fan X B,et al.Application of spectral decomposition method in channel identifying at W area[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):568-572.
[16]Satish Sinha,Partha Routh,and Phil Anno.Instantaneous spectral attributes using scales in continuous-wavelet transform[J].Geophysics,2009,74(2),WA137-WA142.
[17]张金陵,符力耘,孙秋霞,等.基于地震剖面瞬时峰值能量频率的衰减分析与气藏预测方法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24 (5):1723-1731. Zhang J L,Fu I,Y,Sun Q X,et al.Seismic attenuation analysis and gas recognition using instantaneous peak energy frequency of seismic profile[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(5).1723-1731.
[18]董宁,杨立强.基于小波变换的吸收衰减技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):533- 538. Dong N,Yang L Q.Application of absorption and attenuation based on wavelet transform for prediction of reservoir in tahe oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):533-538.
[19]郝召兵,秦静欣,伍向阳.地震波品质因子Q研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):375-381. Hao Z B,Qin J X,Wu X Y.Overview of research on the seismic wave quality factor(Q)[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(2):375-381.
[20]Ebrom Dam.The low-frequency gas shadow on seismic sections [J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(8):772.
[21]陈雨红,杨长春,曹奇放,等.几种时频分析方法比较[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1180-1185. Chen Y H,Yang C C,Cao Q F,et al.The comparison of some time-frequency analysis method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1180-1185.
[22]Marcilio Castro de Matos,Brazilian Military,Rio de Janeiro, et al.Revealing geological features through seismic attributes extracted from the wavelet transform Teager-Kaiser energy [C].Expanded Abstracts of the 77thAnnual Internat SEG Meeting,2007,1442-1446.
[23]Marcilio Castro de Matos,Kurt J.Marfurt,Paulo Johann,et al.Wavelet transform Teager-Kaiser energy applied to a carbonate field in Brazil[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(6): 708-713.
[24]熊晓军,王小品,贺振华.基于非线性能量分析的鲕滩储层预测方法[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版).2010,32(4):1 -5. Xiong X J,Wang X P,He Z H.Olitic reservoir prediction method based on nonlinear energy analysis[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&.Technology Edition).2010,32(4):1-5.
[25]Mitchell J T,Derzhi N,Lichma E.Energy absorption analysis:A case study[C].Expanded Abstracts of the 66thAnnual Internal SEG Meeting,1996,1785-1788
[26]Eugene Lichman,Gennady Goloshubin.Unified Approach to Gas and Fluid Detection on Instantaneous Seismic Wavelets [C].Expanded Abstracts of the 73thAnnual Internal SEG Meeting,2003,1699-1702.
[27]J F Kaiser.On a simple algorithm to calculate the energy of a signal[J].IEEE,1990(2):381-384.
[28]胡光书.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001, 252-288. Hu G S.Modern Signal Processing[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2001,252-288.
[29]何兵红,吴国忱,梁锴,等.粘弹性介质单程波法非零偏移距地震数值模拟与偏移.地球物理学进展[J],2009,24(4):1299- 1312. He B H,Wu G C,Liang K,et al.Numerical simulation and migration of non-zero offset seismic wave in viscoelastic medium by one-way wave equation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1299-1312.
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