三维地震在煤矿开采中覆岩离层探测的试验研究
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摘要
以山东济宁二号煤矿地下开采的覆岩变形为例,采用三维地震技术手段,在数据振幅保真处理的基础上,通过地震属性分析方法对由于地下采矿活动导致的离层发育情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:综合运用三维地震常规解释和三维地震振幅斜度属性分析技术,可以初步揭示覆岩离层的形态:在三维地震常规解释中,对于新采空区产生的覆岩离层,砂泥岩的强波阻抗反射特征将遭到破坏,而老采空区会因覆岩离层的闭合仍具有强反射特征;在地震振幅斜度属性与频率属性解释中,覆岩离层将导致地震波形、频率存在严重的畸变区域,即使与新采空区相邻的老采空区,其覆岩离层也会有明显的反应。通过类比分析,推断该区的覆岩离层范围为工作面后方50~80m,延伸距离160~180m,离层发育的最大尺度1m左右,两个注浆孔证实了此次三维地震推测的离层发育区范围及岩移的准确性。
Taking the underground coal mining overburden deformation in the Jining No.2 coalmine,Shandong as an example,using the 3D seismic technical means,based on data amplitude fidelity processing,through seismic attribute analytical method,carried out underground mining caused bed separation experimental study.The result has shown that integratedly using 3D seismic conventional interpretation and 3D seismic amplitude steepness attribute technology can reveal bed separation configuration briefly.In 3D seismic conventional interpretation,to new gob area caused overburden bed separation,strong elastic impedance reflection characteristics of sandstone and mudstone will be destructed,while old gob area because of bed separation closure still have strong reflection characteris tics.In seismic amplitude steepness attribute and frequency attribute interpretation,bed separation will cause serious seismic waveform and frequency distorted areas,even if old gob areas neighboring new gob area,their bed separation also have obvious response.Through analogical analysis,inferred that the extent of overburden bed separation should be 50~80m behind working face,extended distance 160~180m,maximum bed separation developed scale about 1m.Two grouting boreholes have verified the accuracy of bed sep aration developed extent presumed by this 3D seismic prospecting.
Taking the underground coal mining overburden deformation in the Jining No.2 coalmine,Shandong as an example,using the 3D seismic technical means,based on data amplitude fidelity processing,through seismic attribute analytical method,carried out underground mining caused bed separation experimental study.The result has shown that integratedly using 3D seismic conventional interpretation and 3D seismic amplitude steepness attribute technology can reveal bed separation configuration briefly.In 3D seismic conventional interpretation,to new gob area caused overburden bed separation,strong elastic impedance reflection characteristics of sandstone and mudstone will be destructed,while old gob area because of bed separation closure still have strong reflection characteris tics.In seismic amplitude steepness attribute and frequency attribute interpretation,bed separation will cause serious seismic waveform and frequency distorted areas,even if old gob areas neighboring new gob area,their bed separation also have obvious response.Through analogical analysis,inferred that the extent of overburden bed separation should be 50~80m behind working face,extended distance 160~180m,maximum bed separation developed scale about 1m.Two grouting boreholes have verified the accuracy of bed sep aration developed extent presumed by this 3D seismic prospecting.
引文
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[3]张建全,廖国华.覆岩离层产生的机理及离层计算方法的探讨[J].地下空间,2001,2l(5):407-413.
[4]温兴林,成枢,程九龙,等.离层带注浆充填时地表移动计算及充填效果监测[J].煤炭学报,2005,25(增刊):54-57.
[5]李建楼.煤层开采覆岩破坏的综合物探技术[D].安徽淮南:安徽理工大学,2006.
[6]王素华,高延法,付志亮.注浆覆岩离层力学机理及其离层发育分类研究[J].固体力学学报,2006,27(专辑):164-168.
[7]贾君莹,钟亚平,王素华,等.铁路下特厚煤层综放开采覆岩离层规律实测研究[J].矿山测量.2008,(4):59-62.
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