杭州湾地区长兴-奉化断裂的展布及中新生代活动特征研究
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摘要
长兴-奉化断裂是斜跨杭州湾地区的一条新生代北西向断裂,改造了该地区印支运动以来北东向为主的构造格局,对区域矿产资源开发、油气勘探有着重要意义。由于该断裂在航磁异常图上表现不明显,地表行迹不连续,且极易与早期断裂的次级断裂混淆,因此该断裂的存在及其几何展布一直有所争议。本文结合杭州湾地区的TM遥感图像解译、布格重力异常场、以及人工地震勘探资料,分析长兴-奉化断裂的几何展布及中新生代活动特征,提出长兴-奉化断裂西起长兴煤山,经桐乡、海宁、余姚、宁波,向东南延伸入海,而非前人据航磁异常提出的自长兴向奉化地区延伸。TM遥感影像解译表明该断裂是由一系列新生的北西向小断裂呈右阶斜列、平行或断续出现所构成,断错了先存的北东向、东西向构造。人工地震资料显示自白垩纪至古近纪,长兴-奉化断裂均有活动,参与控制了杭州湾地区白垩纪-古近纪陆相盆地的沉积。该断裂在地表和剖面上表现为右旋张扭,是中国东部地区北西向断裂系统带的一部分。
The Changxing-Fenghua fault (CFF) is a regional fault trending in NW-SE,which diagonally goes across the Hangzhou Bay region.The CFF changed the NE-SW trending tectonic frameworks which were formed in the Indosinian movement.The CFF plays an important role for the development of mineral resources and oil resources.It consists of a series of NW-SE-trending faults which are discontinuous,parallel to each other or dextral en-echelon array.Secondary NW-SE-trending faults of NE-SW-or E-W-trending deep preexisting faults are easily misdeemed from the CFF.Therefore,the distribution,even the determination of the CFF are challenged in recent decades.We analyzed the distribution and activity of the CFF in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic according to the TM remote sensing image,aeromagnetic anomaly map,Bouguer gravitational anomaly map and artificial seismic profiles of the Tongxiang-Pinghu depression,Changhe depression and Ningbo basin.The TM remote sensing image indicates the new NW-SE-trending fractures assemble in Shangyu city,the northern part of Simin Shan and the Ningbo city.And the difference from the previous understanding is that the NW-SE-trending fractures around Fenghua city are only secondary fractures of preexisting deep faults.Although inconspicuous in the aeromagnetic anomaly map and discontinuous on the ground surface,the CFF is a remarkable boundary of positive and negative abnormality on the Bouguer anomaly map.The fracture distribution and the Bouguer anomaly map suggest the CFF starts in Chang-xing County and expends southeastwardly to the East China Sea.The CFF spreads as en-echelon fractures and passes by the Tongxiang,Haining,Yuyao and Ningbo cities,rather than the Fenghua city as people suspected from the aeromagnetic anomaly map before.Artificial seismic exploration showed that the CFF controlled the deposition process and rebuilt the structures of continental basins from the Cretaceous to Eogene.The CFF cut across old structures with dextral horizontal displacement on the ground surface and strata as a normal fault on the artificial seismic profile.Therefore,the CFF is a tenso-shear fault and belongs to the NW-trending active fault zones of the eastern Chinese continent in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
The Changxing-Fenghua fault (CFF) is a regional fault trending in NW-SE,which diagonally goes across the Hangzhou Bay region.The CFF changed the NE-SW trending tectonic frameworks which were formed in the Indosinian movement.The CFF plays an important role for the development of mineral resources and oil resources.It consists of a series of NW-SE-trending faults which are discontinuous,parallel to each other or dextral en-echelon array.Secondary NW-SE-trending faults of NE-SW-or E-W-trending deep preexisting faults are easily misdeemed from the CFF.Therefore,the distribution,even the determination of the CFF are challenged in recent decades.We analyzed the distribution and activity of the CFF in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic according to the TM remote sensing image,aeromagnetic anomaly map,Bouguer gravitational anomaly map and artificial seismic profiles of the Tongxiang-Pinghu depression,Changhe depression and Ningbo basin.The TM remote sensing image indicates the new NW-SE-trending fractures assemble in Shangyu city,the northern part of Simin Shan and the Ningbo city.And the difference from the previous understanding is that the NW-SE-trending fractures around Fenghua city are only secondary fractures of preexisting deep faults.Although inconspicuous in the aeromagnetic anomaly map and discontinuous on the ground surface,the CFF is a remarkable boundary of positive and negative abnormality on the Bouguer anomaly map.The fracture distribution and the Bouguer anomaly map suggest the CFF starts in Chang-xing County and expends southeastwardly to the East China Sea.The CFF spreads as en-echelon fractures and passes by the Tongxiang,Haining,Yuyao and Ningbo cities,rather than the Fenghua city as people suspected from the aeromagnetic anomaly map before.Artificial seismic exploration showed that the CFF controlled the deposition process and rebuilt the structures of continental basins from the Cretaceous to Eogene.The CFF cut across old structures with dextral horizontal displacement on the ground surface and strata as a normal fault on the artificial seismic profile.Therefore,the CFF is a tenso-shear fault and belongs to the NW-trending active fault zones of the eastern Chinese continent in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
引文
[1]浙江省工程地震研究所,浙江大学.2007.杭州市活断层探测与地震危险性评价.
[2]浙江省石油勘探处.1988.浙江省杭州湾地区中新生界石油地质调查报告.
[3]浙江省石油勘探处.2000.浙赣湘区石油资源评价报告.
[4]浙江省石油勘探处.1991.浙江省杭州湾地区长河凹陷构造研究报告.
陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文.1999.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价.北京:地震出版社,20-53.
陈维君,黄立勇.2006.浙江省突发性地热点基本特征.物探与化探,30(4):283-288.
邓晋福,赵国春,苏尚国,刘翠,陈亦寒,李芳凝,赵兴国.2005.燕山造山带燕山期构造叠加及其大地构造背景.大地构造与成矿学,29(2):157-165.
邓起东,张培震,冉永康.2002.中国活动构造基本特征.中国科学(D辑),32(12):1020-1030.
丁伯阳,叶建青,孟凡丽,陶海冰.2003.杭州市周边构造和断层及其对建、构筑物的影响.浙江工业大学学报,31(3):319-323.
郭念发,王武元.1996.长江下游中生代岩浆活动与中新生代盆地.江苏地质,20(3):150-155.
胡望水,吕炳全,毛治国,官大勇.2004.中国东部中新生代含油气盆地的反转构造.同济大学学报(自然科学版),32(2):182-186.
火恩杰,章振铨,刘昌森,王锋.2003.长江口海域新生代地层与断裂活动性初探.中国地震,19(3):206-216.
李祥根.2003.中国新构造运动概论.北京:地震出版社,15-353.
马志江,叶建青,赵冬,杨福平,韩用兵.2006.奉化-丽水-庆元断裂第四系活动性研究.华南地震,26(2):55-60.
丘元禧.2001.中国及其西南邻区新生代NW向扭动构造体系的成生发展和形成机制.地质力学学报,l7(4):335-345.
石应骏,寸树苍,陈华玢,申时新.1996.桐乡-平湖坳陷大地电磁研究.成都理工学院学报,23(2):109-112.
汤加富,侯明金,李怀坤,吴跃东,孙乘云.2003.扬子地块东北缘多期叠加变形及形成演化.大地构造与成矿学,27(4):313-326.
王琪,张培震,马宗晋.2002.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场.地学前缘,9(2):415-429.
徐杰,马宗晋,陈国光,周本刚,李祥根,楚全芝.2003.中国大陆东部新构造期北西向断裂带的初步探讨.地学前缘,10(z1):193-198.
叶建青.2001.城市活断层研究与浙江省的城市化建设.上海地质,(4):31-33.
张虎男,吴堑虹.1994.华南沿海主要活动断裂带的比较构造研究.地震地质,16(1):43-52.
张培震,邓起东,张国民,马瑾,甘卫军,闵伟,毛凤英,王琪.2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑),33(B04):12-20.
张微,陈汉林,李启敏,程晓敢,姚琪.2007.高分辨遥感在杭州活断层探测中的应用.煤田地质与勘探,35(3):10-14.
浙江省地质矿产局.1989.浙江省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,515-532.
Rena J,Tamakib K,Lia S and Zhang J X.2002.Late Mesozoicand Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in EasternChina and adjacent areas.Tectonophysics,344:175-205.
Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,Wang M,Gan W J,Brgmann R,Mol-nar P and Wang Q.2004.Continuous deformation of theTibetan Plateau from global positioning system data.Geolo-gy,32(9):809-812.
[2]浙江省石油勘探处.1988.浙江省杭州湾地区中新生界石油地质调查报告.
[3]浙江省石油勘探处.2000.浙赣湘区石油资源评价报告.
[4]浙江省石油勘探处.1991.浙江省杭州湾地区长河凹陷构造研究报告.
陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文.1999.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价.北京:地震出版社,20-53.
陈维君,黄立勇.2006.浙江省突发性地热点基本特征.物探与化探,30(4):283-288.
邓晋福,赵国春,苏尚国,刘翠,陈亦寒,李芳凝,赵兴国.2005.燕山造山带燕山期构造叠加及其大地构造背景.大地构造与成矿学,29(2):157-165.
邓起东,张培震,冉永康.2002.中国活动构造基本特征.中国科学(D辑),32(12):1020-1030.
丁伯阳,叶建青,孟凡丽,陶海冰.2003.杭州市周边构造和断层及其对建、构筑物的影响.浙江工业大学学报,31(3):319-323.
郭念发,王武元.1996.长江下游中生代岩浆活动与中新生代盆地.江苏地质,20(3):150-155.
胡望水,吕炳全,毛治国,官大勇.2004.中国东部中新生代含油气盆地的反转构造.同济大学学报(自然科学版),32(2):182-186.
火恩杰,章振铨,刘昌森,王锋.2003.长江口海域新生代地层与断裂活动性初探.中国地震,19(3):206-216.
李祥根.2003.中国新构造运动概论.北京:地震出版社,15-353.
马志江,叶建青,赵冬,杨福平,韩用兵.2006.奉化-丽水-庆元断裂第四系活动性研究.华南地震,26(2):55-60.
丘元禧.2001.中国及其西南邻区新生代NW向扭动构造体系的成生发展和形成机制.地质力学学报,l7(4):335-345.
石应骏,寸树苍,陈华玢,申时新.1996.桐乡-平湖坳陷大地电磁研究.成都理工学院学报,23(2):109-112.
汤加富,侯明金,李怀坤,吴跃东,孙乘云.2003.扬子地块东北缘多期叠加变形及形成演化.大地构造与成矿学,27(4):313-326.
王琪,张培震,马宗晋.2002.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场.地学前缘,9(2):415-429.
徐杰,马宗晋,陈国光,周本刚,李祥根,楚全芝.2003.中国大陆东部新构造期北西向断裂带的初步探讨.地学前缘,10(z1):193-198.
叶建青.2001.城市活断层研究与浙江省的城市化建设.上海地质,(4):31-33.
张虎男,吴堑虹.1994.华南沿海主要活动断裂带的比较构造研究.地震地质,16(1):43-52.
张培震,邓起东,张国民,马瑾,甘卫军,闵伟,毛凤英,王琪.2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑),33(B04):12-20.
张微,陈汉林,李启敏,程晓敢,姚琪.2007.高分辨遥感在杭州活断层探测中的应用.煤田地质与勘探,35(3):10-14.
浙江省地质矿产局.1989.浙江省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社,515-532.
Rena J,Tamakib K,Lia S and Zhang J X.2002.Late Mesozoicand Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in EasternChina and adjacent areas.Tectonophysics,344:175-205.
Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,Wang M,Gan W J,Brgmann R,Mol-nar P and Wang Q.2004.Continuous deformation of theTibetan Plateau from global positioning system data.Geolo-gy,32(9):809-812.
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