柴达木盆地基底岩石圈结构对盆地构造性质的约束
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摘要
在综合分析近年来柴达木盆地及邻区深部地球物理资料(如重力、航磁和地震反射剖面等),以及盆地构造格局和样式等相关地质成果的基础上,认为:柴达木盆地一级构造为新生代宽缓复向斜,且复向斜与盆地基底和岩石圈结构呈镜像特征;复向斜的形成与上地壳挠曲、下地壳流动以及刚性地幔顶部挠曲上隆为耦合关系,揭示出盆地新生代构造演化过程的直接动力源于深部岩石圈地幔物质的上涌;柴达木盆地整体为"上地壳挠曲,下地壳流动"型复向斜盆地。
The authors have analyzed geophysical data,such as Bouguer gravity,aero-magnetism,geological profile,and structural patterns from the Qaidam basin and adjacent regions.The first-order structure of the basin is a broad Cenozoic synclinorium,which is the mirror reflection of the mantle.The development of the synclinorium was coupled with the deformation of the upper-crust,lower-crust flow,and the upper mantle,suggesting that Cenozoic structural evolution of the Qaidam basin resulted directly from the uplift of the mantle.Qaidam basin is naturally a synclinorium depression,accommodating by upper-crust winding and lower-crust flowing.
The authors have analyzed geophysical data,such as Bouguer gravity,aero-magnetism,geological profile,and structural patterns from the Qaidam basin and adjacent regions.The first-order structure of the basin is a broad Cenozoic synclinorium,which is the mirror reflection of the mantle.The development of the synclinorium was coupled with the deformation of the upper-crust,lower-crust flow,and the upper mantle,suggesting that Cenozoic structural evolution of the Qaidam basin resulted directly from the uplift of the mantle.Qaidam basin is naturally a synclinorium depression,accommodating by upper-crust winding and lower-crust flowing.
引文
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[19]Chen Shiyue,Xu Fengyin,Peng Dehua.Characteristics ofbasement structures and their controls on hydrocarbon in Qai-dam basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2000,21(3):175-180.[陈世悦,徐凤银,彭德华.柴达木盆地基底构造特征及其控油意义[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(3):175-180.]
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[23]Wu Guangda,Ge Xiaohong,Liu Yongjiang,et al.Geophysicalfield and deep geologic features in Qaidam basin[J].XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2005,26(1):13-16.[吴光大,葛肖虹,刘永江,等.柴达木盆地地球物理场及其深部地质特征[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(1):13-16.]
[24]Wang Liangshu,Liu Shaowen,Li Cheng,et al.The continen-tal dynamics related to the thermal-rheological structure ofthe lithosphere[J].Advance in Earth Science,2004,19(3):382-386.[王良书,刘绍文,李成,等.岩石圈热—流变结构与大陆动力学[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):382-386.]
[25]Meng Q R,Fang X.Cenozoic tectonic development of the Qai-dam basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[C]//BurchfielB C,Wang E.Investigations into the Tectonics of the TibetanPlateau.Geological Society of America Special Paper,2008,444:15-38.
[26]Wang F,Ching H L,Qi L,et al.Onset timing of significantunroofing around Qaidam basin,northern Tibet,China:Con-straints from40 Ar/39 Ar and FT thermochronology on granit-oids[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2004,24(1):59-69.
[27]Chen W P,Chen C Y,John L N.Present-day deformation ofthe Qaidam basin with implications for intra-continental tec-tonics[J].Tectonophysics,1999,305:165-181.
[28]Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,King R W,et al.Surface deforma-tion and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet[J].Science,1997,276(2):788-790.
[29]Teng Jiwen,Hu Jiafu,Zhang Zhongjie,et al.The 3-D structure ofRayleigh wave and sedimentary basins in northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophsics,1995,38(6):737-748.[滕吉文,胡家富,张中杰,等.中国西北地区岩石层瑞利波三维速度结构域沉积盆地[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(6):737-748.]
[2]Chen Guomin,Xia Minquan,Wan Yun,et al.Structural char-acteristics and exploration prospects of north-Kunlun faultszone in Qaidam basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(1):89-95.[陈国民,夏敏全,万云,等.柴达木盆地昆北断阶带构造特征及油气前景初步评价[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(1):89-95.]
[3]Li Mingyi,Yue Xiang′an,Jiang Qingchun,et al.Relationshipbetween hydrocarbon accumulation and tectonic evolution inmain structural belt of the northern border of Qaidam basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(3):461-467.[李明义,岳湘安,江青春,等.柴达木盆地北缘主要构造带构造演化与油气成藏关系[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(3):461-467.]
[4]Yuan Jianying,Chen Qilin,Chen Yingbin,et al.Petroleum ge-ological character and favorable exploration domains of Qaid-am basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):640-644.[袁剑英,陈启林,陈迎宾,等.柴达木盆地油气地质特征与有利勘探领域[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):640-644.]
[5]Li Bining,Yuan Jianying,Yang Zhanlong,et al.Significancefor petroleum accumulation of synsedimentary compressive-shear faults in south-west of Qaidam basin[J].Natural GasGeoscience,2006,17(4):468-472.[李碧宁,袁剑英,杨占龙,等.同沉积压扭断层在柴达木盆地西部南区油气成藏中的意义[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):468-472.]
[6]Zhai Guangming.Petroleum Geology of China:Volume 14,Ti-bet Oil and Gas Region[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1990:1-483.[翟光明.中国石油地质志:卷十四,青藏油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990:1-483.]
[7]Sobel E R.Basin analysis of the Jurassic-lower Cretaceoussouthwest Tarim basin,NW China[J].Geological Society ofAmerica Bulletin,1999,111:709-724.
[8]Zhou J X,Xu F Y,Wang T H,et al.Cenozoic deformation historyof the Qaidam basin,NW China:Results from cross-section resto-ration and implications for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tectonics[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,243:195-210.
[9]Fang Jian.Isostatic Gravity Anomaly and Its GeodynamicCharacters in China and Its Adjacent Regions[D].Beijing:In-stitute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,2006:1-90.[方剑.中国及邻区均衡重力异常及其地球动力学特征[D].北京:中国地震局地质所,2006:1-90.]
[10]Meng Qingren,Hu Jianmin,Yang Fuzhong.Timing and mag-nitude of displacement on the Altyn Tagh fault:Constraintsfrom stratigraphic correlation of adjoining Tarim and Qaidambasins,NW China[J].Terra Nova,2001,13(2):86-91.
[11]Xia W,Zhang N,Yuan X,et al.Cenozoic Qaidam basin,Chi-na:A stronger tectonic inversed,extentional rifted basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(4):715-736.
[12]Fang X M,Zhang W L,Meng Q R,et al.High-resolution mag-netostratigraphy of the Neogene Huaitoutala section in theeastern Qaidam basin on the NE Tibetan Plateau,Qinghaiprovince,China and its implication on tectonic uplift of the NETibetan Plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,58:293-306.
[13]Braitenberg C,Wang Y,Fang J,et al.Spatial variations offlexure parameters over the Tibet-Quinghai Plateau[J].Earthand Planetary Science Letters,2003,205:211-224.
[14]Guo Zhaojie,Zhang Zhicheng.Structural style and tectonic e-volution of the basin in the Altun region[J].Geological Re-view,1998,44(4):357-364.[郭召杰,张志诚.阿尔金盆地群构造类型与演化[J].地质论评,1998,44(4):357-364.]
[15]Yin A,Rumelhart P E,Butler R,et al.Tectonic history of theAltyn Tagh fault system in northern Tibet inferred from Ce-nozoic sedimentation[J].Geological Society of America Bulle-tin,2002,114(10):1257-1295.
[16]Yin An,Dang Yuqi,Chen Xuanhua,et al.Cenozoic evolutionand tectonic reconstruction of the Qaidam basin:Evidencefrom science profiles[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2007,13(3):193-209.[尹安,党玉琪,陈宣华,等.柴达木盆地新生代演化及其构造重建——基于地震剖面的解释[J].地质力学学报,2007(3):193-209.]
[17]He J K,Jean C.Slip rates of the Altyn Tagh,Kunlun andKarakorum faults(Tibet)from 3D mechanical modeling[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,274:50-58.
[18]Zhang J X,Yang J S,Mattinson C G,et al.Two contrastingeclogite cooling histories,north Qaidam HP/UHP terrane,western China:Petrological and isotopic constraints[J].Lithos,2005,84:51-76.
[19]Chen Shiyue,Xu Fengyin,Peng Dehua.Characteristics ofbasement structures and their controls on hydrocarbon in Qai-dam basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2000,21(3):175-180.[陈世悦,徐凤银,彭德华.柴达木盆地基底构造特征及其控油意义[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(3):175-180.]
[20]Zeng Hualin,Wan Tianfeng.Difference between two isostaticgravity anomaly maps of China[J].Chinese Journal of Geoph-sics,1999,42(1):127-133.[曾华霖,万天丰.两幅全国均衡重力异常图的差异[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(1):127-133.]
[21]Zhao J M,Liu G D,Lu Z X.Crust-mantle transitional zone ofTianshan orogenic belt and Junggar basin and it′s geodynamic im-plication[J].Sciences in China:Series D,2001,44(9):824-837.
[22]Zhao J M,Walter D M,Zhang X K.Crustal structure acrossthe Altyn Tagh range at the northern margin of the TibetanPlateau and tectonic implications[J].Earth and Planetary Sci-ence Letters,2006,241:804-814.
[23]Wu Guangda,Ge Xiaohong,Liu Yongjiang,et al.Geophysicalfield and deep geologic features in Qaidam basin[J].XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2005,26(1):13-16.[吴光大,葛肖虹,刘永江,等.柴达木盆地地球物理场及其深部地质特征[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(1):13-16.]
[24]Wang Liangshu,Liu Shaowen,Li Cheng,et al.The continen-tal dynamics related to the thermal-rheological structure ofthe lithosphere[J].Advance in Earth Science,2004,19(3):382-386.[王良书,刘绍文,李成,等.岩石圈热—流变结构与大陆动力学[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):382-386.]
[25]Meng Q R,Fang X.Cenozoic tectonic development of the Qai-dam basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[C]//BurchfielB C,Wang E.Investigations into the Tectonics of the TibetanPlateau.Geological Society of America Special Paper,2008,444:15-38.
[26]Wang F,Ching H L,Qi L,et al.Onset timing of significantunroofing around Qaidam basin,northern Tibet,China:Con-straints from40 Ar/39 Ar and FT thermochronology on granit-oids[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2004,24(1):59-69.
[27]Chen W P,Chen C Y,John L N.Present-day deformation ofthe Qaidam basin with implications for intra-continental tec-tonics[J].Tectonophysics,1999,305:165-181.
[28]Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,King R W,et al.Surface deforma-tion and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet[J].Science,1997,276(2):788-790.
[29]Teng Jiwen,Hu Jiafu,Zhang Zhongjie,et al.The 3-D structure ofRayleigh wave and sedimentary basins in northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophsics,1995,38(6):737-748.[滕吉文,胡家富,张中杰,等.中国西北地区岩石层瑞利波三维速度结构域沉积盆地[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(6):737-748.]
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