表层多次波成像方法技术研究
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摘要
在处理表层多次波比较发育的地震数据资料时,和常规将多次波作为噪音进行压制和去除的思路不同,本文提出利用表层多次波来进行地震构造成像的方法技术流程.首先基于互相关技术将表层多次波转化为准一次波,在利用准一次波进行偏移成像之前,提出应用局部倾斜叠加变换的方法,压制由于其特殊的构建过程而常常伴随准一次波的背景干涉噪音,提高准一次波数据的信噪比;然后应用扩展的分步傅里叶偏移方法对去噪后的准一次波数据进行成像,此偏移成像方法在实现分步傅里叶方法时选取多个背景参考速度,不仅继承常规分步傅里叶偏移方法稳定高效,没有有限差分计算存在的频散影响的特点,而且可以增强常规分步傅里叶偏移方法处理复杂陡倾构造的能力.通过数值模拟数据测试,说明本文提出的这一套利用表层多次波进行复杂地下构造成像的方法技术的可行性和有效性.
his paper proposes the method and technique for imaging of surface-related multiples,when processing seismic data with surface-related multiples.Firstly,we use cross-correlation technique to make pseudo-primary from surface-related multiples,the pseudo-primary is often blurred by the interference noise because of unpaired primary and multiple events.So next,we employ a linear transform of local slant stack to suppress the interference noise and improve its signal to noise ratio;Last but not least,we propose using extended split-step Fourier migration method to realize imaging of pseudo-primaries.Compared with conventional split-step Fourier method,the migration method use multi reference velocities when doing migration,so it is more suitable for migrating seismic data from areas complicated velocity structures.A test on Sigsbee2b dataset shows that the method is effective for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of imaging of pseudo-primary and imaging complicated velocity structures.
his paper proposes the method and technique for imaging of surface-related multiples,when processing seismic data with surface-related multiples.Firstly,we use cross-correlation technique to make pseudo-primary from surface-related multiples,the pseudo-primary is often blurred by the interference noise because of unpaired primary and multiple events.So next,we employ a linear transform of local slant stack to suppress the interference noise and improve its signal to noise ratio;Last but not least,we propose using extended split-step Fourier migration method to realize imaging of pseudo-primaries.Compared with conventional split-step Fourier method,the migration method use multi reference velocities when doing migration,so it is more suitable for migrating seismic data from areas complicated velocity structures.A test on Sigsbee2b dataset shows that the method is effective for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of imaging of pseudo-primary and imaging complicated velocity structures.
引文
[1]Foster D J,Mosher C C.Suppression of multiple reflectionsusing the Radon transform.Geophysics,1992,57(3):386-395.
[2]Lokshtanov D.M ultiple suppression by data-consistentdeconvolution.The Leading Edge,1999,18(1):115-119.
[3]Lamont M G,Hartley B M,Uren N F.Multiple attenuationusing the MMO and ISR preconditioning transforms.TheLeading Edge,1999,18(1):110-114.
[4]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Estimation of multiple scatteringby iterative inversion,Part I:Theoretical considerations.Geophysics,1997,62(5):1586-1595.
[5]Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J,Wapenaar C P A.Adaptivesurface-related multiple elimination.Geophysics,1992,57(9):1166-1177.
[6]Guitton A.M ultiple attenuation with multidimensionalprediction-error filters.73th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2003:57-74.
[7]Spitz S.Pattern recognition,spatial predictability,andsubtraction of multiple events.The Leading Edge,1999,18(1):55-58.
[8]李鹏,刘伊克,常旭等.均衡拟多道匹配滤波法在波动方程法压制多次波中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1844-1853.Li P,Liu Y,Chang X,et al.Application of the equipoisepseudomultichannel matching filter in multiple eliminationusing wave-equation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,50(6):1844-1853.
[9]王维红,崔宝文,刘洪.表面多次波衰减的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):156-164.Wang W H,Cui B W,Liu H.Research progress in surface-related multiple attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(1):156-164.
[10]李景叶,陈小宏,芮振华.基于匹配滤波的多次波压制方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):200-206.Li J Y,Chen X H,Rui Z H.Study on multiple attenuationmethod based on match filter[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(1):200-206.
[11]黄新武,孙春岩,牛滨华等.基于数据一致性预测与压制自由表面多次波---理论研究与试处理[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):173-180.Huang X W,Sun C Y,Niu B Het al.Surface-related multipleprediction and suppression based on data-consistence:Atheoretical study and test[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,48(1):173-180.
[12]刘伊克,Sun Hongchuan,常旭.基于波射线路径偏移压制多次波[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):697-701.Liu Y K,Sun H C,Chang X.Multiple removal by wavepathmigration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,47(4):697-701.
[13]陆文凯,骆毅,赵波等.基于独立分量分析的多次波自适应相减技术[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):886-891.Lu W K,Luo Y,Zhao B,et al.Adaptive multiple wave subtraction using independent component analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,47(5):886-891.
[14]李鹏,刘伊克,常旭等.多次波问题的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):888-897.Li P,Liu Y K,Chang X,et al.Progress on the multiple problems[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):888-897.
[15]Guitton A.Shot-profile migration of multiple reflections.72th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2002:1296-1299.
[16]Muijs R,Robertsson J O A,Holliger K.Prestack depth migration of primary and surface-related multiple reflections:Part I-Imaging.Geophysics,2007,72(2):S59-S69.
[17]Curry W,Shan G.Interpolation of near offsets using multiples and prediction-error filters.78th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2008:2421-2424.
[18]Wang Y,Luo Y,Schuster G T.Interferometric interpolation of missing seismic data.Geophysics,2009,74(3):S67-S75.
[19]单国健.地表多次波应用研究[J].石油物探,2007,46(6):604-610.Shan G J.Surface-related multiple migration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(6):604-610.
[20]Shan G.Source-receiver migration of multiple reflections.73th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2003:1008-1011.
[21]Shan G.Migration of surface-related multiples:tests on the Sigsbee2B dataset.74th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2004:1285-1288.
[22]Sheng J.Migrating multiples and primaries in CDP data by crosscorrelogram migration.71th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2001:1297-1300.
[23]Yu J,Schuster G.Crosscorrelogram migration of IVSPWD data.71th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2001:456-459.
[24]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Multiple technology:Part2,migration of multiple reflections.64th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,1994:1497-1500.
[25]Berkhout A,Verschuur D.Transformation of multiples into primary reflections.73th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2003:1925-1928.
[26]李振春.地震成像理论与方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2004:85-94.Li Z C.The Theory and Method of Seismic Imaging(in Chinese).Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2004:85-94.
[27]Kessinger W.Extended split-step Fourier migration.62th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,1992:917-920.
[2]Lokshtanov D.M ultiple suppression by data-consistentdeconvolution.The Leading Edge,1999,18(1):115-119.
[3]Lamont M G,Hartley B M,Uren N F.Multiple attenuationusing the MMO and ISR preconditioning transforms.TheLeading Edge,1999,18(1):110-114.
[4]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Estimation of multiple scatteringby iterative inversion,Part I:Theoretical considerations.Geophysics,1997,62(5):1586-1595.
[5]Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J,Wapenaar C P A.Adaptivesurface-related multiple elimination.Geophysics,1992,57(9):1166-1177.
[6]Guitton A.M ultiple attenuation with multidimensionalprediction-error filters.73th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2003:57-74.
[7]Spitz S.Pattern recognition,spatial predictability,andsubtraction of multiple events.The Leading Edge,1999,18(1):55-58.
[8]李鹏,刘伊克,常旭等.均衡拟多道匹配滤波法在波动方程法压制多次波中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1844-1853.Li P,Liu Y,Chang X,et al.Application of the equipoisepseudomultichannel matching filter in multiple eliminationusing wave-equation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,50(6):1844-1853.
[9]王维红,崔宝文,刘洪.表面多次波衰减的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):156-164.Wang W H,Cui B W,Liu H.Research progress in surface-related multiple attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(1):156-164.
[10]李景叶,陈小宏,芮振华.基于匹配滤波的多次波压制方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):200-206.Li J Y,Chen X H,Rui Z H.Study on multiple attenuationmethod based on match filter[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(1):200-206.
[11]黄新武,孙春岩,牛滨华等.基于数据一致性预测与压制自由表面多次波---理论研究与试处理[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):173-180.Huang X W,Sun C Y,Niu B Het al.Surface-related multipleprediction and suppression based on data-consistence:Atheoretical study and test[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,48(1):173-180.
[12]刘伊克,Sun Hongchuan,常旭.基于波射线路径偏移压制多次波[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):697-701.Liu Y K,Sun H C,Chang X.Multiple removal by wavepathmigration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,47(4):697-701.
[13]陆文凯,骆毅,赵波等.基于独立分量分析的多次波自适应相减技术[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):886-891.Lu W K,Luo Y,Zhao B,et al.Adaptive multiple wave subtraction using independent component analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,47(5):886-891.
[14]李鹏,刘伊克,常旭等.多次波问题的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):888-897.Li P,Liu Y K,Chang X,et al.Progress on the multiple problems[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):888-897.
[15]Guitton A.Shot-profile migration of multiple reflections.72th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2002:1296-1299.
[16]Muijs R,Robertsson J O A,Holliger K.Prestack depth migration of primary and surface-related multiple reflections:Part I-Imaging.Geophysics,2007,72(2):S59-S69.
[17]Curry W,Shan G.Interpolation of near offsets using multiples and prediction-error filters.78th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2008:2421-2424.
[18]Wang Y,Luo Y,Schuster G T.Interferometric interpolation of missing seismic data.Geophysics,2009,74(3):S67-S75.
[19]单国健.地表多次波应用研究[J].石油物探,2007,46(6):604-610.Shan G J.Surface-related multiple migration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(6):604-610.
[20]Shan G.Source-receiver migration of multiple reflections.73th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2003:1008-1011.
[21]Shan G.Migration of surface-related multiples:tests on the Sigsbee2B dataset.74th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2004:1285-1288.
[22]Sheng J.Migrating multiples and primaries in CDP data by crosscorrelogram migration.71th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2001:1297-1300.
[23]Yu J,Schuster G.Crosscorrelogram migration of IVSPWD data.71th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2001:456-459.
[24]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Multiple technology:Part2,migration of multiple reflections.64th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,1994:1497-1500.
[25]Berkhout A,Verschuur D.Transformation of multiples into primary reflections.73th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,2003:1925-1928.
[26]李振春.地震成像理论与方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2004:85-94.Li Z C.The Theory and Method of Seismic Imaging(in Chinese).Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2004:85-94.
[27]Kessinger W.Extended split-step Fourier migration.62th Ann.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys,Expanded Abstracts,1992:917-920.
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