逆断层对致密岩石构造裂缝发育的约束控制
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摘要
致密岩石(如火山岩和碳酸盐岩)可广泛发育构造裂缝,这类致密岩石的构造裂缝数值建模是构造裂缝地震解释、地震反演和油藏数值模拟的基础.我国西北各盆地普遍发育逆断层,通过在新疆巴楚地区微波塔逆断层和一间房逆断层分别布置实测剖面对野外测量的构造裂缝面密度进行定量分析,发现受逆断层控制的裂缝面密度与逆断层面的曲率呈线性关系;裂缝面密度与地层层面的曲率亦呈线性关系;发现距断裂越远裂缝面密度越低,并存在一个裂缝密度骤减的范围,这个范围内为"断裂控制裂缝带",这个"断裂控制裂缝带"可能与断裂的性质、规模和断距等因素密切相关,这个带的认识为构造裂缝的地震解释、地震反演和油藏数值模拟提供了重要参数.
Structure fracture can widely develop in the compacted rocks (volcanic rocks and carbonate rocks etc.).The numerical modeling of structure fracture in such compacted rocks is the foundation of seismic interpretation,seismic inversion and numerical reservoir simulation. Reverse faults are very common geological structures in the basins of northwest China.Based on the research of two reverse fault profiles in Bachu,Xinjiang,we find that the relationship between the fracture density controlled by reverse fault and the curvature of the fault plane is linear.The results also indicate that the fracture density is linearly related to the curvature of formation.And the fracture density decreases as the distance from the reverse fault increases. There is a damage region where the fracture density decreases sharply,and this region is a fracture zone controlled by reverse fault.This region is closely related to the mechanics,scale and displacement of the reverse fault.The recognition of this region provides an important parameter for seismic interpretation,seismic inversion and numerical reservoir simulation.
Structure fracture can widely develop in the compacted rocks (volcanic rocks and carbonate rocks etc.).The numerical modeling of structure fracture in such compacted rocks is the foundation of seismic interpretation,seismic inversion and numerical reservoir simulation. Reverse faults are very common geological structures in the basins of northwest China.Based on the research of two reverse fault profiles in Bachu,Xinjiang,we find that the relationship between the fracture density controlled by reverse fault and the curvature of the fault plane is linear.The results also indicate that the fracture density is linearly related to the curvature of formation.And the fracture density decreases as the distance from the reverse fault increases. There is a damage region where the fracture density decreases sharply,and this region is a fracture zone controlled by reverse fault.This region is closely related to the mechanics,scale and displacement of the reverse fault.The recognition of this region provides an important parameter for seismic interpretation,seismic inversion and numerical reservoir simulation.
引文
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[2] 张永刚,王赟,王妙月.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题.地球物理学报,2004,47(1) :151～155 Zhang Y G,Wang Y,Wang M Y.Some key problems in the multi-component seismic exploration.Chinese J Geophys (in Chinese),2004,47(1) :151～155
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[6] 滕佃波,邢春颖,王赟.基于地震横波分裂理论的火成岩裂缝检测.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :513～517 Teng D B,Xing C Y,Wang Y.The detection of fracture in igneous-rock-reservoir based on S-wave splitting.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(2) :513～517
[7] 罗省贤,李录明.基于横波分裂的地层裂缝预测方法与应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(1) :52～59 Luo S X,Li L M.Method and application of predicting medium fracture based on shear-wave separating theory.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (in Chinese),2003,30(1) :52～59
[8] 李军,郝天珧.地震与测井数据综合预测裂缝发育带.地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :179～183 Li J,Hao T Y.Synthetic predication of favorable fracture zone from seismic and log data.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2006,21(1) :179～183
[9] 姚陈,王培德,陈运泰.卢龙地区S波偏振与上地壳裂隙各向异性.地球物理学报,1992,35(3) :305～315 Yao C,Wang P D,Chen Y T.Shear-wave polarization and crack induced anisotropy of upper crust in Lulong,North China.Chinese J Geophys (in Chinese),1992,35(3) :305～315
[10] 王萍,付碧宏,张斌等.汶川8． 0级地震地表破裂带与岩性关系.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :131～139 Wang P,Fu B H,Zhang B,et al.Relationships between surface ruptures and lithologic characteristics of the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake.Chinese J Geophys (in Chinese),2009,52(1) :131～139
[11] Hudson J A.Overall properties of a cracked solid.Math Proc Camb Phil Soc,1980,88:371～384
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[13] 王仁,丁中一,殷有泉.固体力学基础.北京:地质出版社,1979． 220～254 Wang R,Ding Z Y,Yin Y Q.Solid Mechanics Foundation (in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1979． 220～254
[14] 曾锦光,罗元华,陈太源等.应用构造面主曲率研究油气藏裂缝问题.力学学报,1982,2(2) :202～206 Zeng J G,Luo Y H,Chen T Y,et al.A method for the study of Reservoir fracturing based on structural principal curvatures.Acta Mechanica Sinica (in Chinese),1982,2(2) :202～206
[15] T.D.范高尔夫-拉特等.裂缝油藏工程基础.陈钟祥,金铃年,秦同洛译.北京:石油工业出版社,1989 Golf-Racht T D V,et al.Fundamentals of Fractured Reservoir Engineering (in Chinese).Translated by Chen Z X,Jin L N,Qin T L.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989
[16] 侯贵廷.裂缝的分形分析方法.应用基础与工程科学学报,1994,2(4) :299～305 Hou G T.Fractal analysis of fractures.Journal of Basic Science and Engineering (in Chinese),1994,2(4) .299～305
[17] 姚姚,唐文榜.深层碳酸盐岩岩溶风化壳洞缝型油气藏可检测性的理论研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6) :623～629 Yao Y,Tang W B.Theoretical research on the detectability of Karst fracture and cavern pools.Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),2003,38(6) :623～629
[18] 景建恩,魏文博,梅忠武等.裂缝型碳酸盐岩储层测井评价方法--以塔河油田为例.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1) :78～82 Jing J E,Wei W B,Mei Z W,et al.Method of Well-logging interpretation for fracture reservoirs of carbonate rock-A case study in Tahe oil-field.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(1) :78～82
[19] 彭建兵,陈立伟,黄强兵等.地裂缝破裂扩展的大型物理模拟试验研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(6) :1826～1834 Peng J B,Chen L W,Huang Q B,et al.Large-scale physical simulative experiment on ground-fissure expansion mechanism.Chinese J Geophys (in Chinese),2008,51(6) :1826～1834
[20] 王孔伟.塔里木盆地巴楚-阿瓦提地区构造特征与构造演化 [博士论文].长春:吉林大学,2007 Wang K W.The structural feature and tectonic evolution about Bachu-Awati Area in Tarim Basin[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University,2007
[21] 杨庚,郭华.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪逆冲构造带与巴楚隆起的叠加关系.铀矿地质,2003,19(1) :1～7 Yang G,Guo H.Superposed relationship between Kalping thrust belt and Bachu uplift,northwest Tarim.Uranium Geology (in Chinese),2003,19(1) :1～7
[22] 杨庚,石昕,贾承造等.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪巴楚地区皮羌断裂与色力布亚断裂空间关系.铀矿地质,2008,24(4) :201～205 Yang G,Shi X,Jia C Z,et al.Spatial relationship between Piqiang fault and Selibuya fault in Keping-Bachu district,northwest Tarim basin.Uranium Geology (in Chinese),2008,24(4) :201～205
[23] 何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟等.塔里木盆地柯坪断隆断裂构造分析.中国地质,2002,29(1) :37～42 He W Y,Li J H,Qian X L,et al.Analysis of fault structures in the Kalpin fault uplift,Tarim basin.Geology in China (in Chinese),2002,29(1) :37～42
[24] Allen M B,Vencent S J,Wheller P J.Late Cenozoic tectonics of the Kepingtage thrust zone:interactions of Tianshan and Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Tectonics,1999,18(4) :639～654
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