波阻抗反演在吉林探区煤层特征分析及储层预测中的应用
|
摘要
地震勘探已经从认识地下构造形态的构造勘探,逐渐发展成直接应用地震信息判断岩性、分析岩相、定量计算岩层物性参数等的岩性勘探,地震反演技术是这一发展过程的产物.利用地震方法解决煤田勘探问题一直以来是一个研究的热门课题.由于煤层的构造特征常常较差,常规的构造地震勘探方法一般很难获得良好的储层特征,而波阻抗是反映储集岩的一种重要物性参数,与振幅等反映界面性质的参数相比,波阻抗具有更低的多解性和更高的储层横向预测精度,因此在煤田勘探中得到广泛应用.本文主要回顾了波阻抗反演方法的基本原理及特点,并以吉林某煤层采区岩性勘探为例,说明波阻抗反演结果在该探区煤层中的响应特征及储层分析结果.实际数据处理的结果表明,在波阻抗反演时间剖面上,该地区各地层单元之间和地层单元内部岩层之间的接触关系特征更加明显,特别是地层的不整合接触关系表现得尤为突出,能够提供较普通地震时间剖面更好的煤层识别特征和更加可靠的储层预测依据.
Recently,research topics in seismic exploration are moving towards to analyzing lithology,lithofacies,and quantitative properties of matter from structure exploration.Inversion technique provides an approach to solve the problem.Using seismic exploration technique to solve lithological problems in coal fields is a hot topic in which people have been studying for recent years.In general,the structural characteristics of coal reservoir is always weak,so classic structural exploration methods cannot get a good reservoir characteristics.Impedance inversion is an important property of matter parameter.Compared with the other seismic stratum parameters eg.,amplitude,impedance inversion technique has both lower interpretation ambiguity and higher accuracy of reservoir prediction.So this technique is widely used in coal exploration.In this paper,the principle and characteristics of impedance inversion are introduced.It is also applied for lithological exploration in Jilin coal seam area.The example illustrates the detailed application and results about impedance inversion of coal seam lithological exploration.The field data results show that the stratigraphic units and internal rocks in the research area display more obvious contact relationship in impedance inversion profile,especially the relationship of unconformable contact,which provides a better coal recognition feature than standard seismic time profile.At the same time,impedance inversion also gives more reliable reservoir prediction.
Recently,research topics in seismic exploration are moving towards to analyzing lithology,lithofacies,and quantitative properties of matter from structure exploration.Inversion technique provides an approach to solve the problem.Using seismic exploration technique to solve lithological problems in coal fields is a hot topic in which people have been studying for recent years.In general,the structural characteristics of coal reservoir is always weak,so classic structural exploration methods cannot get a good reservoir characteristics.Impedance inversion is an important property of matter parameter.Compared with the other seismic stratum parameters eg.,amplitude,impedance inversion technique has both lower interpretation ambiguity and higher accuracy of reservoir prediction.So this technique is widely used in coal exploration.In this paper,the principle and characteristics of impedance inversion are introduced.It is also applied for lithological exploration in Jilin coal seam area.The example illustrates the detailed application and results about impedance inversion of coal seam lithological exploration.The field data results show that the stratigraphic units and internal rocks in the research area display more obvious contact relationship in impedance inversion profile,especially the relationship of unconformable contact,which provides a better coal recognition feature than standard seismic time profile.At the same time,impedance inversion also gives more reliable reservoir prediction.
引文
[1]杨晓春,李小凡,张美根.地震波反演方法研究的某些进展及其数学基础[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):96-109. Yang XCi Li X F,Zhang M G.Progress and mathematical basis of investigations of seismic inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001,16(4):96-109.
[2]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1997. Yang W C.Theory and Method of Geophysical Inversion(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:The Geological Publishing House, 1997.
[3]曹柏如,张霖斌.波阻抗反演中的不确定性分析[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):62-67. Cao B R,Zhang L B.A new uncertainty statistical method in acoustic impedance inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2000,15(4):62-67.
[4]刘伊克,常旭.地震层析成像反演中解的定量评价及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(2):251-256. Liu Y K,Chang X.Qualitative assessment of inversion solution of seismic tomographys and its application[J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(2):251-256.
[5]吴胜和,马晓芬,陈崇河.测井约束反演在高分辨率层序地层学中的应用[J].地层学杂志,2001,25(2):140-143. Wu S H,Ma X F,Cheng C H.Application of the logging constrained seismic conversion data to the high resolution sequence stratigraphy[J].Journal of Stratigraphy(in Chinese),2001,25(2):140-143.
[6]马劲风,王学军,钟俊,等.测井资料约束的波阻抗反演中的多解性问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(1):7-10. Ma J F,Wang X J,Zhong J,et al.Multiple roots in wellrestricted impedance inversion[J].Oil & Gas Geology(in Chinese),1999,20(1):7-10.
[7]范祯祥,郑仙种,范书蕊,等.利用地震、测井资料联合反演储层物性参数[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):38-53. Fan Z X,Zheng X Z,Fan S R,et al.Reservoir parameter inversion using seismic and log data[J],Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(1):38-53.
[8]李庆忠.论地震约束反演的策略[J].石油地球物理勘探, 1998,33(4):423-438. Li Q Z.On strategy of seismic restricted inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(4):423- 438.
[9]张永华,步清华,杨春峰,等.测井宽带约束反演技术在油藏描述中的应用[J].河南石油,1999,13(3):1-4. Zhang Y H,Bu Q H,Yang C F,et al.Application of logging wide-band constrained inversion technique in reservoir description[J].Henan Petroleum(in Chinese),1999,13(3): 1-4.
[10]马国东.波阻抗处理技术研究及应用[J].中国煤田地质, 2001,13(2):65-67. Ma G D.Research on processing techniques of wave impedance and its applications[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),2001,13(2):65-67.
[11]林建东,霍全明,吴奕峰.多井约束三维地震反演技术在煤厚预测中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2003,15(3):43-45. Lin J D,Huo Q M,Wu Y F.Application on 3-dimensional seismic inverse technology of multiple constraint in prediction of coal thickness[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese), 2003,15(3):43-45.
[12]许崇宝,刘东源.小波边缘分析建模波阻抗反演方法在煤层解释中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(2):43-45. Xu C B,Liu D Y.Application of wavelet marginal analytical modeling wave impedance inversion in coal seam interpretation[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese), 2008,20(2):43-45.
[13]刘伍,崔若飞,高级.波阻抗反演在煤炭资源勘探中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(6):59-62. Liu W,Cui R F,Gao J.Application of impedance inversion in coal exploration[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese). 2008,20(6):59-62.
[14]孟宪民,蒋维平.波阻抗反演技术及其应用效果[J].中国煤炭地质,2007,19(1):52-54. Meng X M,Jinag W P.Elastic impedance inversion technology and its application effect[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),2007,19(1):52-54.
[15]曹振国.波阻抗反演在东胜煤田勘探中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2010,22(2):54-58. Cao Z G.Application of elastic impedance inversion in Dongsheng Coalfield prospecting[J].Coal Geology of China (in Chinese),2010,22(2):54-58.
[16]张爱印,李学文,董守华.测井约束反演技术在煤田三维地震岩性勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(3): 433-536. Zhang A Y,Li X W,Dong S H.Application of logging constrained inversion to the 3-D seismic lithological exploration in coalfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19 (3):433-536.
[17]孟召平,郭彦省,王赟,等.基于地震属性的煤层厚度预测模型及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):512-517. Meng Z P,Guo Y S,Wang Y,et al.Prediction models of coal thickness based on seismic attributions and their applications [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):512—517.
[18]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587. Zhang J D.Present status and future trend of seismic data interpretation techniques[J],Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):578-587.
[19]Cooke D A,Schneider WA.Generalized linear inversion of reflection seismic data[J],Geophysics,1983,48(6):665- 676.
[20]周竹生,周熙襄.宽带约束反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(5):523-536. Zhou Z S,Zhou X X.Band-constrained inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1993,28(5):523- 536.
[21]李宏兵.具有剔除噪音功能的多道广义线性反演[J].石油物探,1996,35(4):11-17. Li H B.Generalized multi-traces linear inversion with the removal of noise[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole(in Chinese),1996,35(4):11-17.
[22]刘家琦,刘克安,刘维国,等.微分方程反演声阻抗剖面[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1):101-107. Liu J Q,Liu K A,Liu W G,et at.The differential equation inversion of acoustic impedance profiles[J],Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(1):101-107.
[23]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge, 1999,18(4):438- 452.
[24]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology-Theory and Methods[M].San Francisco:W.H.Freeman and Company,1980.
[2]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1997. Yang W C.Theory and Method of Geophysical Inversion(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:The Geological Publishing House, 1997.
[3]曹柏如,张霖斌.波阻抗反演中的不确定性分析[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):62-67. Cao B R,Zhang L B.A new uncertainty statistical method in acoustic impedance inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2000,15(4):62-67.
[4]刘伊克,常旭.地震层析成像反演中解的定量评价及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(2):251-256. Liu Y K,Chang X.Qualitative assessment of inversion solution of seismic tomographys and its application[J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(2):251-256.
[5]吴胜和,马晓芬,陈崇河.测井约束反演在高分辨率层序地层学中的应用[J].地层学杂志,2001,25(2):140-143. Wu S H,Ma X F,Cheng C H.Application of the logging constrained seismic conversion data to the high resolution sequence stratigraphy[J].Journal of Stratigraphy(in Chinese),2001,25(2):140-143.
[6]马劲风,王学军,钟俊,等.测井资料约束的波阻抗反演中的多解性问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(1):7-10. Ma J F,Wang X J,Zhong J,et al.Multiple roots in wellrestricted impedance inversion[J].Oil & Gas Geology(in Chinese),1999,20(1):7-10.
[7]范祯祥,郑仙种,范书蕊,等.利用地震、测井资料联合反演储层物性参数[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):38-53. Fan Z X,Zheng X Z,Fan S R,et al.Reservoir parameter inversion using seismic and log data[J],Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(1):38-53.
[8]李庆忠.论地震约束反演的策略[J].石油地球物理勘探, 1998,33(4):423-438. Li Q Z.On strategy of seismic restricted inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(4):423- 438.
[9]张永华,步清华,杨春峰,等.测井宽带约束反演技术在油藏描述中的应用[J].河南石油,1999,13(3):1-4. Zhang Y H,Bu Q H,Yang C F,et al.Application of logging wide-band constrained inversion technique in reservoir description[J].Henan Petroleum(in Chinese),1999,13(3): 1-4.
[10]马国东.波阻抗处理技术研究及应用[J].中国煤田地质, 2001,13(2):65-67. Ma G D.Research on processing techniques of wave impedance and its applications[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),2001,13(2):65-67.
[11]林建东,霍全明,吴奕峰.多井约束三维地震反演技术在煤厚预测中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2003,15(3):43-45. Lin J D,Huo Q M,Wu Y F.Application on 3-dimensional seismic inverse technology of multiple constraint in prediction of coal thickness[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese), 2003,15(3):43-45.
[12]许崇宝,刘东源.小波边缘分析建模波阻抗反演方法在煤层解释中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(2):43-45. Xu C B,Liu D Y.Application of wavelet marginal analytical modeling wave impedance inversion in coal seam interpretation[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese), 2008,20(2):43-45.
[13]刘伍,崔若飞,高级.波阻抗反演在煤炭资源勘探中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(6):59-62. Liu W,Cui R F,Gao J.Application of impedance inversion in coal exploration[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese). 2008,20(6):59-62.
[14]孟宪民,蒋维平.波阻抗反演技术及其应用效果[J].中国煤炭地质,2007,19(1):52-54. Meng X M,Jinag W P.Elastic impedance inversion technology and its application effect[J].Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),2007,19(1):52-54.
[15]曹振国.波阻抗反演在东胜煤田勘探中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2010,22(2):54-58. Cao Z G.Application of elastic impedance inversion in Dongsheng Coalfield prospecting[J].Coal Geology of China (in Chinese),2010,22(2):54-58.
[16]张爱印,李学文,董守华.测井约束反演技术在煤田三维地震岩性勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(3): 433-536. Zhang A Y,Li X W,Dong S H.Application of logging constrained inversion to the 3-D seismic lithological exploration in coalfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19 (3):433-536.
[17]孟召平,郭彦省,王赟,等.基于地震属性的煤层厚度预测模型及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):512-517. Meng Z P,Guo Y S,Wang Y,et al.Prediction models of coal thickness based on seismic attributions and their applications [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):512—517.
[18]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587. Zhang J D.Present status and future trend of seismic data interpretation techniques[J],Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):578-587.
[19]Cooke D A,Schneider WA.Generalized linear inversion of reflection seismic data[J],Geophysics,1983,48(6):665- 676.
[20]周竹生,周熙襄.宽带约束反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(5):523-536. Zhou Z S,Zhou X X.Band-constrained inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1993,28(5):523- 536.
[21]李宏兵.具有剔除噪音功能的多道广义线性反演[J].石油物探,1996,35(4):11-17. Li H B.Generalized multi-traces linear inversion with the removal of noise[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole(in Chinese),1996,35(4):11-17.
[22]刘家琦,刘克安,刘维国,等.微分方程反演声阻抗剖面[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1):101-107. Liu J Q,Liu K A,Liu W G,et at.The differential equation inversion of acoustic impedance profiles[J],Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(1):101-107.
[23]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge, 1999,18(4):438- 452.
[24]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology-Theory and Methods[M].San Francisco:W.H.Freeman and Company,1980.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心