南海南北陆坡地壳拉张特征对比
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摘要
南海南北共轭边缘不仅蕴藏了丰富的油气资源,而且记录了南海扩张过程的重要构造信息。通过选取南海南北陆坡区的5条地震剖面,按照不同地壳初始流变结构计算剖面的拉张因子,通过南北结果对比与数值模拟过程揭示的信息,得到以下几点认识:1)南海北部地壳拉伸程度大于南海南部,这不仅与南海南部后期经历挤压碰撞有关,而且与中生代二者所处的构造位置不同有关;2)珠江口盆地与礼乐盆地具有不同的地壳初始状态,推测在南海共轭陆缘形成过程中,二者不相对应;3)南海南部地壳拉张因子由北向南逐渐变大,是古南海向南俯冲的体现。
The conjugate continental margins of the South China Sea are being studied increasingly not only for their reserves of oil and gas but also for the data that recorded the processes of expansion of the South China Sea.In this study,five long deep-water multi-channel seismic reflection profiles from both northern and southern slopes are selected to calculate the stretching factors along the profiles based on various initial crustal rheological structures.By comparing the results and the related/respective crustal evolution processes of the margins from the numerical simulation,we propose the following.First of all,the crustal extension of the northern slope is stronger than the southern slope,representing provability of different tectonics between the two since the Mesozoic Era,the latter of which could also be related to the post-extrusions and collisions on the southern margin.Secondly,the Pearl River Basin and Liyue Basin on the northern and southern slopes,respectively, crossed by the seismic profiles,had different initial crustal structures and in turn the evolution histories of the two were inconsistent during the formation of the South China Sea conjugate margins.Moreover,the crustal stretching factor of the southern slope becomes greater toward south,showing no compliment with the principle basin expansion theories.This could be indicative to the southward subduction of the paleo-South China Sea plate.
The conjugate continental margins of the South China Sea are being studied increasingly not only for their reserves of oil and gas but also for the data that recorded the processes of expansion of the South China Sea.In this study,five long deep-water multi-channel seismic reflection profiles from both northern and southern slopes are selected to calculate the stretching factors along the profiles based on various initial crustal rheological structures.By comparing the results and the related/respective crustal evolution processes of the margins from the numerical simulation,we propose the following.First of all,the crustal extension of the northern slope is stronger than the southern slope,representing provability of different tectonics between the two since the Mesozoic Era,the latter of which could also be related to the post-extrusions and collisions on the southern margin.Secondly,the Pearl River Basin and Liyue Basin on the northern and southern slopes,respectively, crossed by the seismic profiles,had different initial crustal structures and in turn the evolution histories of the two were inconsistent during the formation of the South China Sea conjugate margins.Moreover,the crustal stretching factor of the southern slope becomes greater toward south,showing no compliment with the principle basin expansion theories.This could be indicative to the southward subduction of the paleo-South China Sea plate.
引文
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[13]闫义,夏斌,林舸,等.南海北缘新生代盆地沉积与构造演化及地球动力学背景海洋[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质.2005,25(2):53-62.
[14]黄春菊,周蒂,陈长民,等.深反射地震剖面所揭示的白云凹陷的深部地壳结构[J].科学通报,2005,50(10):1024-1031.
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[19]王万银.中国近海及邻区重磁数据处理汇报[C].西安:西安建筑学院,2000.
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[21]徐辉龙,丘学林,赵明辉.南海东北部南澳大地震(7.5)震中区的地壳结构特征与震源构造[J].科学通报,2006,(B11):83-91.
[22]ZHANG Y F,SUN Z,GUO X W,et al.Stretchingcharacteristics and its dynamic significance of the northerncontinental margin of South China Sea[J].Sci China SerD-Earth Sci,2008,51(3):1-9.
[23]曹洁冰,周祖翼,吴能友,等.曾母盆地西部岩石圈特性与有效弹性厚度:来自构造模拟的约束[J].大地构造与成矿学,2005,29(3):377-384.
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[25]CLIFT P D,SUN Z.The sedimentary and tectonic evolutionof the Yinggehai–Song Hong basin and the southern Hainanmargin,South China Sea:Implications for Tibetan uplift andmonsoon intensification[J].J Geophys Res,2006,111:1-28.
[26]胡登科.南海北部陆坡至深海盆的地壳结构及其构造涵义[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2009:45-46.
[27]孙珍,周蒂,孙龙涛.南沙海域盆地的地层系统与构造分带[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2010,4:439-454.
[28]HOLLOWAY N H.The North Palawan block,Philippines:its relation to the Asian mainland and its role in the evolutionof the South China Sea[J].Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull,66(9):1355-1383.
[29]TAYLOR B,HAYES D E.Origin and history of the SouthChina Sea basin[C]//HAYES D E.The Tectonic and GeologicEvolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands:Part 2.Washington:AGU Geophysical Monograph,1983,27:23-56.
[30]周蒂,王万银,王家林,等.地球物理资料所揭示的南海东北部中生代俯冲增生带[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(3):209-218.
[31]CURTIS A,TRAMPERT J,SNEIDER R,et al.Eurasianfundamental mode surface wave phase velocities and theirrelationship with tectonic structures[J].J GeophysicalResearch,1998,103,26010-26947.
[32]OMANG S,BARBER A.Origin and tectonic significance ofthe metamorphic rocks associated with the Darvel Bayophiolite,Sabah,Malaysia[M]//HALL R,BLUNDELL D.Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia.London:SpecialPublication-Geological Society Press,1996,106:263-279.
[33]孙珍,孙龙涛,周蒂.南海岩石圈破裂方式与扩张过程的三维物理模拟[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(3):435-448.
[34]WERNICKE B.Low angle normal faults in the Basin&Range Province:Nappe tectonics in an extending orogen[J].Nature,1981,219(25):645-648.
[35]LISTER G S,ETHRIDGE M A,SYMONDS P A.Detachment faulting and the evolution of passive continentalmargins[J].Geology,1986,14:246-250.
[36]ZHOU D,RU K,CHEN H Z,et al.Kinematics of Cenozoicextension on the South China Sea continental margin and itsimplications for the tectonic evolution of the region[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251:161-177.
[37]HAYES D E,NISSEN S S,BUHL P,et al.Through goingcrustal faults along the northern margin of South China Seaand their role in crustal extension[J].J Geophysical Res,1995,100(B11):22435-22446.
[38]NISSEN S S,HAYES D E,YAO B C.Gravity heat flow andseismic constraints on the process of crustal extension:Northern margin of the South China Sea[J].J Geophys Res,1995,100(B11):22447-22483.
[39]姚伯初.南海西北海盆的构造特征及南海新生代的海底扩张[J].热带海洋,1999,18(1):7-15.
[40]吴世敏,杨恬,周蒂,等.南海北部陆源的构造属性问题[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(4):419-426.
[41]ALLEN P,ALLEN J.Basin Analysis:principles andapplications[M].London:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1999:50-168.
[2]中国科学院南沙综合科学考察队.南沙群岛及其邻近海区地质地球物理与油气资源[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:1-13.
[3]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997:9-25.
[4]周蒂,陈汉宗,吴世敏.南海的右行陆缘裂解成因[J].地质学报,2002,76(2):180-190.
[5]李思田,林畅松,张启明,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件[J].科学通报,1998,43(8):797-810.
[6]李平鲁.珠江口盆地新生代构造运动[J].中国海上油气:地质,1993,7(6):11-18.
[7]BRIAIS A,PATRIAT P,TAPPONNIER P.Updatedinterpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreadingin the South China Sea:implications for the TertiaryTectonics of Southeast Asia[J].J Geophy Res,1993,98(B4):6299-6328.
[8]HUTCHISON C S.The"Rajang Accretionary Prism"and"Lupar Line"problem of Borneo[J].Geological SocietyLondon Special Publication,1996,06:247-261.
[9]万玲,吴能友,姚伯初,等.南沙海域新生代构造运动特征及成因探讨[J].南海地质研究,2004:8-16.
[10]金庆焕.深水油气是当今海洋油气勘探的主要热点[J].科学中国人,2006,11:18-20.
[11]MCKENZIE D.Some remarks on t he development ofsedimentary basins[J].EPSL,1978,40:25-32.
[12]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:1-20.
[13]闫义,夏斌,林舸,等.南海北缘新生代盆地沉积与构造演化及地球动力学背景海洋[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质.2005,25(2):53-62.
[14]黄春菊,周蒂,陈长民,等.深反射地震剖面所揭示的白云凹陷的深部地壳结构[J].科学通报,2005,50(10):1024-1031.
[15]钟广见,许红,王嘹亮.南海西南部新生代盆地结构及演化历史[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1995,15(增刊):87-94.
[16]吴世敏,周蒂,刘海龄.南沙地块构造格局及其演化特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(1):23-28.
[17]金庆焕,李唐根.南沙海域区域地质构造[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(1):1-8.
[18]张云帆,孙珍,周蒂,等.南海北部陆缘新生代地壳减薄特征及其动力学意义[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(12):1-8.
[19]王万银.中国近海及邻区重磁数据处理汇报[C].西安:西安建筑学院,2000.
[20]姚伯初,万玲,吴能友.南海新生代构造演化及岩石圈三维结构特征[J].地质通报,2005,24(1):1-8.
[21]徐辉龙,丘学林,赵明辉.南海东北部南澳大地震(7.5)震中区的地壳结构特征与震源构造[J].科学通报,2006,(B11):83-91.
[22]ZHANG Y F,SUN Z,GUO X W,et al.Stretchingcharacteristics and its dynamic significance of the northerncontinental margin of South China Sea[J].Sci China SerD-Earth Sci,2008,51(3):1-9.
[23]曹洁冰,周祖翼,吴能友,等.曾母盆地西部岩石圈特性与有效弹性厚度:来自构造模拟的约束[J].大地构造与成矿学,2005,29(3):377-384.
[24]DAVIS M,KUSZNIR N.Depth-dependent lithosphericstretching at rifted continental margins[M]//KARNER G D,TAYLOR B,DRISCOLL N W,et al.Rheology andDeformation of the Lithosphere of Continental Margins.New York:Columbia University Press,2004:92-137.
[25]CLIFT P D,SUN Z.The sedimentary and tectonic evolutionof the Yinggehai–Song Hong basin and the southern Hainanmargin,South China Sea:Implications for Tibetan uplift andmonsoon intensification[J].J Geophys Res,2006,111:1-28.
[26]胡登科.南海北部陆坡至深海盆的地壳结构及其构造涵义[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2009:45-46.
[27]孙珍,周蒂,孙龙涛.南沙海域盆地的地层系统与构造分带[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2010,4:439-454.
[28]HOLLOWAY N H.The North Palawan block,Philippines:its relation to the Asian mainland and its role in the evolutionof the South China Sea[J].Am Assoc Petrol Geol Bull,66(9):1355-1383.
[29]TAYLOR B,HAYES D E.Origin and history of the SouthChina Sea basin[C]//HAYES D E.The Tectonic and GeologicEvolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands:Part 2.Washington:AGU Geophysical Monograph,1983,27:23-56.
[30]周蒂,王万银,王家林,等.地球物理资料所揭示的南海东北部中生代俯冲增生带[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(3):209-218.
[31]CURTIS A,TRAMPERT J,SNEIDER R,et al.Eurasianfundamental mode surface wave phase velocities and theirrelationship with tectonic structures[J].J GeophysicalResearch,1998,103,26010-26947.
[32]OMANG S,BARBER A.Origin and tectonic significance ofthe metamorphic rocks associated with the Darvel Bayophiolite,Sabah,Malaysia[M]//HALL R,BLUNDELL D.Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia.London:SpecialPublication-Geological Society Press,1996,106:263-279.
[33]孙珍,孙龙涛,周蒂.南海岩石圈破裂方式与扩张过程的三维物理模拟[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2009,34(3):435-448.
[34]WERNICKE B.Low angle normal faults in the Basin&Range Province:Nappe tectonics in an extending orogen[J].Nature,1981,219(25):645-648.
[35]LISTER G S,ETHRIDGE M A,SYMONDS P A.Detachment faulting and the evolution of passive continentalmargins[J].Geology,1986,14:246-250.
[36]ZHOU D,RU K,CHEN H Z,et al.Kinematics of Cenozoicextension on the South China Sea continental margin and itsimplications for the tectonic evolution of the region[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251:161-177.
[37]HAYES D E,NISSEN S S,BUHL P,et al.Through goingcrustal faults along the northern margin of South China Seaand their role in crustal extension[J].J Geophysical Res,1995,100(B11):22435-22446.
[38]NISSEN S S,HAYES D E,YAO B C.Gravity heat flow andseismic constraints on the process of crustal extension:Northern margin of the South China Sea[J].J Geophys Res,1995,100(B11):22447-22483.
[39]姚伯初.南海西北海盆的构造特征及南海新生代的海底扩张[J].热带海洋,1999,18(1):7-15.
[40]吴世敏,杨恬,周蒂,等.南海北部陆源的构造属性问题[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(4):419-426.
[41]ALLEN P,ALLEN J.Basin Analysis:principles andapplications[M].London:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1999:50-168.
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