六种不同变质程度煤的纵横波速度特征及其与密度的关系
|
摘要
对采自不同地区和煤矿的六种不同变质程度煤样进行常温常压条件下的超声测量.测量发现:煤的纵波与横波速度均与密度存在良好的线性正相关关系,且沿煤层走向、倾向和垂直煤层层理方向的纵横波速度逐渐降低;走向、倾向和垂向上的纵波速度与同一方向的横波速度也存在良好的线性正相关性;六种煤样三个方向间的速度各向异性一般都大于10%.通过与经典经验公式—Gardner与Castagna公式理论换算值的对比发现:由于煤层的软岩特征,理论换算煤的纵波速度、横波速度与实验室实测值之间存在较大误差.因此,在煤田地震勘探中应使用根据煤的岩石物理测试而形成的关系式.
A lab ultrasonic measurement of six metamorphic kinds of coals was conducted under 25℃ and 0.1 MPa condition.And then some phenomena were concluded as follows: There are better linear correlations between pressure wave(P-wave) velocity and density,shear wave(S-wave) velocity and density;and the correlation coefficients of strike,dip and vertical directions are different and decreasing.Also there are positive linear correlation between P-and S-wave velocity in the same direction.However,there are great difference between velocities of different directions,especially in the strike and the vertical direction.The average anisotropy is about 0.1 and even more.Through comparing and analyzing the measured values with the estimated values,according to Gardner and Castagna formula,a non-tolerated error was found,which means that these two experience formulas cannot be applied to coal,and a suitable coal formula should be used in coal seam seismic exploration.
A lab ultrasonic measurement of six metamorphic kinds of coals was conducted under 25℃ and 0.1 MPa condition.And then some phenomena were concluded as follows: There are better linear correlations between pressure wave(P-wave) velocity and density,shear wave(S-wave) velocity and density;and the correlation coefficients of strike,dip and vertical directions are different and decreasing.Also there are positive linear correlation between P-and S-wave velocity in the same direction.However,there are great difference between velocities of different directions,especially in the strike and the vertical direction.The average anisotropy is about 0.1 and even more.Through comparing and analyzing the measured values with the estimated values,according to Gardner and Castagna formula,a non-tolerated error was found,which means that these two experience formulas cannot be applied to coal,and a suitable coal formula should be used in coal seam seismic exploration.
引文
[1]石瑛,王赟,芦俊.煤田地震多属性分析技术的应用.煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1397-1402.Shi Y,Wang Y,Lu J.Application of seismic multi-attributeanalysis technique in coal field.Journal of China CoalSociety(in Chinese),2008,33(12):1397-1402.
[2]孟召平,彭苏萍,凌标灿.不同侧压下沉积岩石变形与强度特征.煤炭学报,2000,25(1):15-18.Meng Z P,Peng S P,Ling B C.Characters of thedeformation and strength under different confining pressureson sedimentary rock.Journal of China Coal Society(inChinese),2000,25(1):15-18.
[3]孟召平,彭苏萍,傅继彤.含煤岩系岩石力学性质控制因素探讨.岩石力学与工程学,2002,21(1):102-106.Meng Z P,Peng S P,Fu J T.Study on control factors ofrock mechanics properties of coal-bearing formation.ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2002,21(1):102-106.
[4]闫立宏.杨庄煤矿煤岩波速特征及与其强度的关系研究.煤炭科学技术,2006,4(6):57-60.Yan L H.Relationship study between characteristics andstrength of coal and rock wave velocity in Yangzhuang Mine.Coal Science and Technology(in Chinese),2006,4(6):57-60.
[5]彭担任,王占国,周新青等.煤层岩体中声波速度与导热系数的关系.矿业安全与环保,1999,(1):11-14.Peng D R,Wang Z G,Zhou X Q,et al.Relationshipbetween sonic wave velocity and Hest-conductivity coefficientin coal and rock.Mining Safety&Environmental Protection(in Chinese),1999,(1):11-14.
[6]孟召平,张吉昌,Tiedemann J.煤系岩石物理力学参数与声波速度之间的关系.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1505-1510.Meng Z P,Zhang J C,Tiedemann J.Relationship betweenphysical and mechanical parameters and acoustic wavevelocity of coal measures rocks.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1505-1510.
[7]吴基文,姜振泉,樊成等.煤层抗拉强度的波速测定研究.岩土工程学报,2005,27(9):999-1003.Wu J W,Jiang Z Q,Fan C,et al.Study on tensile strengthof coal seam by wave velocity.Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering(in Chinese),2005,27(9):999-1003.
[8]朱国维,王怀秀,韩堂惠等.地层条件下煤层顶、底板声波速度与反射特征.煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1391-1396.Zhu G W,Wang H X,Han T H,et al.Reflectioncharacteristics and acoustic velocity of coal roof and floorunder formation conditions.Journal of China Coal Society(in Chinese),2008,33(12):1391-1396.
[9]孟召平,刘常青,贺小黑等.煤系岩石声波速度及其影响因素实验分析.采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(4):389-393.Meng Z P,Liu C Q,He X H,et al.Experimental researchon Acoustic wave velocity of coal measures rocks and itsinfluencing factors.Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering(in Chinese),2008,25(4):390-394.
[10]郭德勇,韩德馨,冯志亮.围压下构造煤的波速特征实验研究.煤炭科学技术,1998,26(4):21-24.Guo D Y,Han D X,Feng Z L.Experimental research onacoustic wave velocity of tectonic coal under confinedpressure.Coal Science and Technology(in Chinese),1998,26(4):21-24.
[11]赵群,郝守玲.煤样的超声速度和衰减各向异性测试实例.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):708-712.Zhao Q,Hao S L.Testing anisotropy of ultrasonic velocityand attenuation in coal samples.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2005,40(6):708-712.
[12]董守华.气煤弹性各向异性系数实验测试.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):947-952.Dong S H.Test on elastic anisotropic coefficients of gas coal.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,51(3):947-952.
[13]汤红伟,程建远,王世东.深层煤矿床的煤岩样物性测试结果与分析.中国煤炭,2009,35(9):75-79.Tang H W,Cheng J Y,Wang S D.The test results and itsanalysis of deep coal seam and rock sample.China Coal(inChinese),2009,35(9):75-79.
[14]李建楼,严家平.频谱分析技术在煤体结构探测中的应用.煤炭科学技术,2009,37(8):120-123.Li J L,Yan J P.Application of spectrum analysis technologyto coal structure exploration.Coal Science and Technology(in Chinese),2009,37(8):120-123.
[15]张平松,刘盛东.煤岩体结构构造特征的频谱分析与应用.工程地球物理学报,2006,3(4):274-277.Zhang P S,Liu S D.The structure character of coal and rockby seismic wave spectrum analyzing technology and itsapplication.Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics(inChinese),2006,3(4):274-277.
[16]Yao Q L,Han D H.Acoustic properties of coal from labmeasurement.SEG Las Vegas 2008Annual Meeting,1815-1819.
[17]Gardner G L F,Gardner L W,Gregory A R.Formationvelocity and density-the diagnostic basics for stratigraphictraps.Geophysics,1974,39(6):770-780.
[18]Lindseth R O.Synthetic Sonic Logs—a process forstratigraphic interpretation.Geophysics,1979,44(1):3-26.
[19]Castagna J P,Smith S W.Comparison of AVO indicators:Amodeling study.Geophysics,1994,59(12):1849-1855.
[20]GB/T6949-1998,《煤的视相对密度测定方法》.国家质量技术监督局,1998,1-4.GB/T6949-1998,Determination of apparent relative densityof coal(in Chinese).General Administration of QualitySupervision of the People′s Republic of China,1998,1-4.
[21]刘斌,席道瑛,葛宁洁等.不同围压下岩石中泊松比的各向异性.地球物理学报,2002,45(6):880-890.Liu B,Xi D Y,Ge N J,et al.Anisotropy of Poisson′s ratioin rock samples under confining pressures.Chinese Journalof Geophysics(in Chinese),2002,45(6):880-890.
[22]Greenberg M L,Castagna J P.Shear-wave velocity estimationin porous rocks:theoretical formulation,preliminary verificationand applications.GeophysicalP rospecting,1992,40(2):195-210.
[23]张关泉,屠浩敏.层状弹性介质的波阻抗反演.地球物理学报,1995,38(S):81-93.Zhang G Q,Tu H M.Impedance inversion for elastic layeredmedia.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),1995,38(S):81-93.
[24]马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演.地球物理学报,2003,46(1):118-124.Ma J F.Forward modeling and inversion method ofgeneralized elastic impedance in seismic exploration.ChineseJournal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,46(1):118-124.
[25]彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):881-885.Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas andwater using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversionin carbonate reservoirs.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(inChinese),2008,51(3):881-885.
[2]孟召平,彭苏萍,凌标灿.不同侧压下沉积岩石变形与强度特征.煤炭学报,2000,25(1):15-18.Meng Z P,Peng S P,Ling B C.Characters of thedeformation and strength under different confining pressureson sedimentary rock.Journal of China Coal Society(inChinese),2000,25(1):15-18.
[3]孟召平,彭苏萍,傅继彤.含煤岩系岩石力学性质控制因素探讨.岩石力学与工程学,2002,21(1):102-106.Meng Z P,Peng S P,Fu J T.Study on control factors ofrock mechanics properties of coal-bearing formation.ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2002,21(1):102-106.
[4]闫立宏.杨庄煤矿煤岩波速特征及与其强度的关系研究.煤炭科学技术,2006,4(6):57-60.Yan L H.Relationship study between characteristics andstrength of coal and rock wave velocity in Yangzhuang Mine.Coal Science and Technology(in Chinese),2006,4(6):57-60.
[5]彭担任,王占国,周新青等.煤层岩体中声波速度与导热系数的关系.矿业安全与环保,1999,(1):11-14.Peng D R,Wang Z G,Zhou X Q,et al.Relationshipbetween sonic wave velocity and Hest-conductivity coefficientin coal and rock.Mining Safety&Environmental Protection(in Chinese),1999,(1):11-14.
[6]孟召平,张吉昌,Tiedemann J.煤系岩石物理力学参数与声波速度之间的关系.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1505-1510.Meng Z P,Zhang J C,Tiedemann J.Relationship betweenphysical and mechanical parameters and acoustic wavevelocity of coal measures rocks.Chinese Journal ofGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1505-1510.
[7]吴基文,姜振泉,樊成等.煤层抗拉强度的波速测定研究.岩土工程学报,2005,27(9):999-1003.Wu J W,Jiang Z Q,Fan C,et al.Study on tensile strengthof coal seam by wave velocity.Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering(in Chinese),2005,27(9):999-1003.
[8]朱国维,王怀秀,韩堂惠等.地层条件下煤层顶、底板声波速度与反射特征.煤炭学报,2008,33(12):1391-1396.Zhu G W,Wang H X,Han T H,et al.Reflectioncharacteristics and acoustic velocity of coal roof and floorunder formation conditions.Journal of China Coal Society(in Chinese),2008,33(12):1391-1396.
[9]孟召平,刘常青,贺小黑等.煤系岩石声波速度及其影响因素实验分析.采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(4):389-393.Meng Z P,Liu C Q,He X H,et al.Experimental researchon Acoustic wave velocity of coal measures rocks and itsinfluencing factors.Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering(in Chinese),2008,25(4):390-394.
[10]郭德勇,韩德馨,冯志亮.围压下构造煤的波速特征实验研究.煤炭科学技术,1998,26(4):21-24.Guo D Y,Han D X,Feng Z L.Experimental research onacoustic wave velocity of tectonic coal under confinedpressure.Coal Science and Technology(in Chinese),1998,26(4):21-24.
[11]赵群,郝守玲.煤样的超声速度和衰减各向异性测试实例.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):708-712.Zhao Q,Hao S L.Testing anisotropy of ultrasonic velocityand attenuation in coal samples.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2005,40(6):708-712.
[12]董守华.气煤弹性各向异性系数实验测试.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):947-952.Dong S H.Test on elastic anisotropic coefficients of gas coal.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,51(3):947-952.
[13]汤红伟,程建远,王世东.深层煤矿床的煤岩样物性测试结果与分析.中国煤炭,2009,35(9):75-79.Tang H W,Cheng J Y,Wang S D.The test results and itsanalysis of deep coal seam and rock sample.China Coal(inChinese),2009,35(9):75-79.
[14]李建楼,严家平.频谱分析技术在煤体结构探测中的应用.煤炭科学技术,2009,37(8):120-123.Li J L,Yan J P.Application of spectrum analysis technologyto coal structure exploration.Coal Science and Technology(in Chinese),2009,37(8):120-123.
[15]张平松,刘盛东.煤岩体结构构造特征的频谱分析与应用.工程地球物理学报,2006,3(4):274-277.Zhang P S,Liu S D.The structure character of coal and rockby seismic wave spectrum analyzing technology and itsapplication.Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics(inChinese),2006,3(4):274-277.
[16]Yao Q L,Han D H.Acoustic properties of coal from labmeasurement.SEG Las Vegas 2008Annual Meeting,1815-1819.
[17]Gardner G L F,Gardner L W,Gregory A R.Formationvelocity and density-the diagnostic basics for stratigraphictraps.Geophysics,1974,39(6):770-780.
[18]Lindseth R O.Synthetic Sonic Logs—a process forstratigraphic interpretation.Geophysics,1979,44(1):3-26.
[19]Castagna J P,Smith S W.Comparison of AVO indicators:Amodeling study.Geophysics,1994,59(12):1849-1855.
[20]GB/T6949-1998,《煤的视相对密度测定方法》.国家质量技术监督局,1998,1-4.GB/T6949-1998,Determination of apparent relative densityof coal(in Chinese).General Administration of QualitySupervision of the People′s Republic of China,1998,1-4.
[21]刘斌,席道瑛,葛宁洁等.不同围压下岩石中泊松比的各向异性.地球物理学报,2002,45(6):880-890.Liu B,Xi D Y,Ge N J,et al.Anisotropy of Poisson′s ratioin rock samples under confining pressures.Chinese Journalof Geophysics(in Chinese),2002,45(6):880-890.
[22]Greenberg M L,Castagna J P.Shear-wave velocity estimationin porous rocks:theoretical formulation,preliminary verificationand applications.GeophysicalP rospecting,1992,40(2):195-210.
[23]张关泉,屠浩敏.层状弹性介质的波阻抗反演.地球物理学报,1995,38(S):81-93.Zhang G Q,Tu H M.Impedance inversion for elastic layeredmedia.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),1995,38(S):81-93.
[24]马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演.地球物理学报,2003,46(1):118-124.Ma J F.Forward modeling and inversion method ofgeneralized elastic impedance in seismic exploration.ChineseJournal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,46(1):118-124.
[25]彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):881-885.Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas andwater using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversionin carbonate reservoirs.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(inChinese),2008,51(3):881-885.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心