孔隙结构参数在普光气田的初步应用
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摘要
影响地震波速度的因素除了岩层的孔隙度外,孔隙结构的差异会使地震波速度的分布变得复杂,以致于影响速度-孔隙度模型的准确性。文中介绍了荷兰皇家壳牌石油公司命名的孙氏模型及孔隙结构参数的计算方法。孔隙结构参数是描述孔隙结构对地震波速度产生影响的新的岩石物理参数,可以用于刻画不同的孔隙空间类型,可以将速度-孔隙度一元关系改善为速度-孔隙度-孔隙结构参数二元关系。孔隙结构参数也可以表征渗透率的非均质性,将孔隙度-渗透率一元关系改善为孔隙度-渗透率-孔隙结构参数二元关系,为储层孔隙度和渗透率的预测提供了理论模型,使地震尺度上用孔隙度、渗透率、孔隙结构表征储层成为可能。该方法在普光气田的初步应用效果良好。
In addition to rock porosity,pore structure(pore size and geometry)also affects velocity of seismic waves,lowering the accuracy of reservoir prediction of velocity-porosity model.This paper introduces the Sun Model named by Shell for advanced carbonate reservoir characterization,a new rock-physics-based parameter called frame flexibility factor,and the method of how to calculate this parameter.The frame flexibility factor can be used as a pore type indicator to quantify the effects of pore structure on velocity and permeability and establishes relations among porosity-sonic velocity-frame flexibility factor instead of porosity-sonic velocity.It also can be used to describe permeability heterogeneity,and establish relations among porosity-permeability-frame flexibility factor instead of porosity-permeability.Theoretical model has been built for porosity and permeability prediction and makes it possible to characterize reservoirs with porosity,permeability and pore structure on seismic.Good results have been achieved through the utilization of the model in the Puguang gas field.
In addition to rock porosity,pore structure(pore size and geometry)also affects velocity of seismic waves,lowering the accuracy of reservoir prediction of velocity-porosity model.This paper introduces the Sun Model named by Shell for advanced carbonate reservoir characterization,a new rock-physics-based parameter called frame flexibility factor,and the method of how to calculate this parameter.The frame flexibility factor can be used as a pore type indicator to quantify the effects of pore structure on velocity and permeability and establishes relations among porosity-sonic velocity-frame flexibility factor instead of porosity-sonic velocity.It also can be used to describe permeability heterogeneity,and establish relations among porosity-permeability-frame flexibility factor instead of porosity-permeability.Theoretical model has been built for porosity and permeability prediction and makes it possible to characterize reservoirs with porosity,permeability and pore structure on seismic.Good results have been achieved through the utilization of the model in the Puguang gas field.
引文
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[9]马永生,傅强,郭彤楼,等.川东北地区普光气田长兴—飞仙关气藏成藏模式与成藏过程[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(5):455-461.Ma Yongsheng,Fu Qiang,Guo Tonglou,et al.Pool forming pat-tern and process of the Upper Permain-Lower Triassic,the Pu-guang gas field,northeast Sichuan Basin,China[J].PetroleumGeology&Experiment,2005,27(5):455-461.
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[11]王正和,郭彤楼,谭钦银,等.四川盆地东北部长兴组-飞仙关组各沉积相带储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(1):56-63.Wang Zhenghe,Guo Tonglou,Tan Qinyin,et al.Reservoir chara-cteristics of different sedimentary facies in the Changxing andFeixianguan Formations,northeast of the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(1):56-63.
[12]郑荣才,罗平,文其兵,等.川东北地区飞仙关组层序—岩相古地理特征和鲕滩预测[J].沉积学报,2009,27(1):1-8.Zheng Rongcai,Luo Ping,Wen Qibin,et al.Characteristics ofSequence-based lithofacies and paleogeography,and predictionof oolitic Shoal of the Feixianguan formation in the NortheasternSichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(1):1-8.
[13]郭彤楼.川东北地区飞仙关组鲕滩储层成岩作用——以宣汉-达县及元坝区块为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(5):620-631.Guo Tonglou.Diagenesis of the Feixianguan oolitic shoal reser-voirs in the northeastern Sichuan Basin—examples from Xuan-han-Daxian and Yuanba areas[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(5):620-631.
[14]陈琪,胡文瑄,李庆,等.川东北盘龙洞长兴组-飞仙关组白云岩化特征及成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):84-93.Chen Qi,Hu Wenxuan,Li Qing,et al.Characteristics and gene-sis of dolomitization in Changxing and Feixianguan Formationsin Panlongdong,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Ge-ology,2012,33(1):84-93.
[15]张俊,蔡镠璐,向雷,等.川东北地区飞仙关组成岩晚期白云石溶解作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):599-606.Zhang Jun,Cai Liulu,Xiang Lei,et al.Late diagenetic dissolu-tion of dolomites in the Feixianguan Formation,northeastern Si-chuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(4):599-606.
[16]孙素琴,杨玉杰.塔里木盆地顺西区块地震反演及储层预测[J].石油物探,2012,51(3):304-311.Sun Suqin,Yang Yujie.Seismic inversion and reservoir predic-tion of Shunxi block in Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2012,51(3):304-311.
[17]马学军,费建博,王建斌,等.塔中奥陶系缝洞系统成像的配套处理技术研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(6):583-588.Ma Xuejun,Fei Jianbo,Wang Jianbin,et al.Study on the sup-porting processing techniques for the imaging of Ordovicianfracture-cavity system in Tazhong area[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2011,50(6):583-588.
[2]Sun Y F.Seismic signatures of rock pore structure[J].ApplielGeophysics,2004,7,42-48.
[3]Sun Y F,Berteussen K,Vega S,et al.Effects of pore structure on4D seismic signals in carbonate reservoirs[J].SEG ExpandedAbstracts,2006,3260-3264.
[4]Sun Y F.Upscaling of a proxy parameters for pores structure insedimentary rocks[J].SEG Expanded Abstract,2007,1649-1654.
[5]El W F,Vizamora A,Al H A,Integrating rock physics,seismicreservoir characterization and static modeling of carbonates acase study from the UAE[R].AAPG GEO 2010 Middle East,Geoscience Conference&Exhibition,2010.
[6]Ma Yongsheng,Guo Xusheng,Guo Tonglou,et al.The Puguanggas field(NEW giant discovery in the mature Sichuan basin,SW China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91:627-643.
[7]马永生.四川盆地普光超大型气田的形成机制[J].石油学报,2007,(2):9-14,21.Ma Yongsheng.Generation mechanism of Puguang gas field inSichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,(2):9-14,21.
[8]马永生,蔡勋育,李国雄.四川盆地普光超大型气藏基本特征及成藏富集规律[J].地质学报,2005,79(6):858-865.Ma Yongsheng,Cai Xunyu,Li Guoxiong.Basic characteristicsand concentration of the Puguang gas field in the Sichuan basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(6):856-865.
[9]马永生,傅强,郭彤楼,等.川东北地区普光气田长兴—飞仙关气藏成藏模式与成藏过程[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(5):455-461.Ma Yongsheng,Fu Qiang,Guo Tonglou,et al.Pool forming pat-tern and process of the Upper Permain-Lower Triassic,the Pu-guang gas field,northeast Sichuan Basin,China[J].PetroleumGeology&Experiment,2005,27(5):455-461.
[10]郭彤楼.川东北地区碳酸盐岩层系孔隙型与裂缝型气藏成藏差异性[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,31(3):311-317,326.Guo Tonglou.Differences in reservoir forming between porousand fractured gas pools in carbonates,the northeastern SichuanBasin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,31(3):311-317,326.
[11]王正和,郭彤楼,谭钦银,等.四川盆地东北部长兴组-飞仙关组各沉积相带储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(1):56-63.Wang Zhenghe,Guo Tonglou,Tan Qinyin,et al.Reservoir chara-cteristics of different sedimentary facies in the Changxing andFeixianguan Formations,northeast of the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(1):56-63.
[12]郑荣才,罗平,文其兵,等.川东北地区飞仙关组层序—岩相古地理特征和鲕滩预测[J].沉积学报,2009,27(1):1-8.Zheng Rongcai,Luo Ping,Wen Qibin,et al.Characteristics ofSequence-based lithofacies and paleogeography,and predictionof oolitic Shoal of the Feixianguan formation in the NortheasternSichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(1):1-8.
[13]郭彤楼.川东北地区飞仙关组鲕滩储层成岩作用——以宣汉-达县及元坝区块为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(5):620-631.Guo Tonglou.Diagenesis of the Feixianguan oolitic shoal reser-voirs in the northeastern Sichuan Basin—examples from Xuan-han-Daxian and Yuanba areas[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(5):620-631.
[14]陈琪,胡文瑄,李庆,等.川东北盘龙洞长兴组-飞仙关组白云岩化特征及成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):84-93.Chen Qi,Hu Wenxuan,Li Qing,et al.Characteristics and gene-sis of dolomitization in Changxing and Feixianguan Formationsin Panlongdong,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Ge-ology,2012,33(1):84-93.
[15]张俊,蔡镠璐,向雷,等.川东北地区飞仙关组成岩晚期白云石溶解作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):599-606.Zhang Jun,Cai Liulu,Xiang Lei,et al.Late diagenetic dissolu-tion of dolomites in the Feixianguan Formation,northeastern Si-chuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(4):599-606.
[16]孙素琴,杨玉杰.塔里木盆地顺西区块地震反演及储层预测[J].石油物探,2012,51(3):304-311.Sun Suqin,Yang Yujie.Seismic inversion and reservoir predic-tion of Shunxi block in Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2012,51(3):304-311.
[17]马学军,费建博,王建斌,等.塔中奥陶系缝洞系统成像的配套处理技术研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(6):583-588.Ma Xuejun,Fei Jianbo,Wang Jianbin,et al.Study on the sup-porting processing techniques for the imaging of Ordovicianfracture-cavity system in Tazhong area[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2011,50(6):583-588.
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