滨里海盆地东缘中区块盐下构造识别方法
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摘要
滨里海盆地东缘中区块在下二叠统孔谷阶沉积了巨厚的盐岩层,由于盐层速度与围岩的速度存在很大差异,造成了下伏地层在时间剖面上存在上拉现象,形成了一些假构造圈闭或者使构造幅度发生变化,成为勘探陷阱.本文针对中区块盐下构造识别的难题,分析含盐盆地速度特征和盐下构造的影响因素,提出了正演模拟、基于地震叠加速度谱的变速成图和叠前深度偏移的识别方法.综合识别结果,并相互对比验证,最终消除盐丘造成的构造假象,有效识别了盐下构造,主要目的层的平均深度误差只有1%左右.上述方法对于解决含盐盆地地区以及速度横向变化剧烈区的构造问题具有借鉴意义.
There are giant thick salt domes of Permian deposited in central block of eastern margin of Pre-Caspian basin.As the huge velocity difference between salt layer and surrounding rock,the underlying strata exist pulled phenomenon in the seismic time section.It forms a number of false structural traps or structure amplitude change,which becomes the exploration traps.Aimed at the problem of sub-salt structure identification in central block,this paper analyses the velocity characteristics in salt basin and influence factors of sub-salt structure.It proposes the identification methods including seismic forward modeling,variable velocity mapping based seismic stack velocity spectrum and pre-stack depth migration.Through synthesizing recognition results and testifying each other,it eliminates sub-salt structure illusion,restores the real structural feature and effectively identifies sub-salt structure.The above methods are instructive to solve the structural problem in the salt basin or some areas with dramatic change of lateral velocity.
There are giant thick salt domes of Permian deposited in central block of eastern margin of Pre-Caspian basin.As the huge velocity difference between salt layer and surrounding rock,the underlying strata exist pulled phenomenon in the seismic time section.It forms a number of false structural traps or structure amplitude change,which becomes the exploration traps.Aimed at the problem of sub-salt structure identification in central block,this paper analyses the velocity characteristics in salt basin and influence factors of sub-salt structure.It proposes the identification methods including seismic forward modeling,variable velocity mapping based seismic stack velocity spectrum and pre-stack depth migration.Through synthesizing recognition results and testifying each other,it eliminates sub-salt structure illusion,restores the real structural feature and effectively identifies sub-salt structure.The above methods are instructive to solve the structural problem in the salt basin or some areas with dramatic change of lateral velocity.
引文
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[11]吴庆举,李永华,张瑞青等.接收函数的克希霍夫2D偏移方法.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):539-545.Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R Q,et al.2DKirchhoff migration forreceiver function.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):539-545.
[12]刘定进,印兴耀.共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):492-501.Liu D J,Yin X Y.The method of wave equation preservedamplitude prestack depth migration for common offsetgathers.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):492-501.
[13]Xiong X J,He Z H,Huang D J.One way wave equationseismic prestack forward modeling with irregular surfaces.Applied Geophysics,2006,3(1):13-17.
[14]杨长春,刘兴材,李幼铭等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用.地球物理学报,1996,39(3):409-415.Li C C,Liu X C,Li Y M,et al.A methodology for seismicprestack depth migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(3):409-415.
[15]Reshef M.The use of 3-D prestack depth imaging to estimatelayer velocities and reflector positions.Geophysics,1997,62(1):206-120.
[16]Jones I F,Ibbotson K,Grimshaw M,et al.3-D prestack depthmigration and velocity model building.The Leading Edge,1998,17(7):897-906.
[17]李博,刘红伟,刘国峰等.地震叠前逆时偏移算法的CPU/GPU实施对策.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2938-2943.Li B,Liu H W,Liu G F,et al.Computational strategy ofseismic pre-stack reverse time migration on CPU/GPU.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2938-2943.
[18]刘红伟,刘洪,李博等.起伏地表叠前逆时偏移理论及GPU加速技术.地球物理学报,2011,54(7):1883-1892.Liu H W,Liu H,Li B,et al.Pre-stack reverse time migrationfor rugged topography and GPU acceleration technology.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(7):1883-1892.
[19]丁亮,刘洋.逆时偏移成像技术研究进展.地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):1085-1100.Ding L,Liu Y.Progress in reverse time migration imaging.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2011,26(3):1085-1100.
[20]李晶,王成祥,李军茹等.地震资料叠前偏移成像技术进展.地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):966-982.Li J,Wang C X,Li J R,et al.The recent overseasdevelopment of pre-stack migration of seismic data.Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2011,26(3):966-982.
[2]刘洛夫,郭永强,朱毅秀.滨里海盆地盐下层系的碳酸盐岩储集层与油气特征.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(1):53-59.Liu L F,Guo Y Q,Zhu Y X.Reservoir characteristics and oil-bearing characters of the carbonate reservoir beds in the pre-salt sediments of Pre-Caspian Basin.Journal of Xi’an ShiyouUniversity(Natural Science Edition)(in Chinese),2007,22(1):53-59.
[3]温铁民,苏世龙,钱豫等.盐下速度场异常问题分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(增刊):5-7.Wen T M,Su S L,Qian Y,et al.Analysis of abnormal issue insub-salt velocity field.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2007,42(supplement):5-7.
[4]杨勤林,王彦春,张菊梅等.低幅度构造识别技术在Carmen油田三维工区的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(3):965-969.Yang Q L,Wang Y C,Zhang J M,et al.Application of low-amplitude structure recognition technique to the 3-D seismic inthe Carmen field.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(3):965-969.
[5]张延庆,吴清龙,金玉洁等.“层位控制法”速度场在巨厚盐丘覆盖区的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):212-215.Zhang Y Q,Wu Q L,Jin Y J,et al.Application of“horizon-controlling”velocity field in significant thickness of salt-dome-covered area.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,42(2):212-215.
[6]王棣,王华忠,马在田等.叠前时间偏移方法综述.勘探地球物理学进展,2004,27(5):313-320.Wang D,Wang H Z,Ma Z T,et al.Review of prestack timemigration methods.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(inChinese),2004,27(5):313-320.
[7]王喜双,梁奇,徐凌等.叠前深度偏移技术应用与进展.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):727-732.Wang X S,Liang Q,Xu L,et al.Application and progress ofprestack depth migration technology.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2007,42(6):727-732.
[8]朱振宇,刘洪,李幼铭.波动方程叠前深度偏移及并行计算在南黄海地区的应用.地球物理学进展,2003,18(2):302-305.Zhu Z Y,Liu H,Li Y M.Application of equation pre-stackdepth migration and parallel computing in South Yellow Seaarea.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,18(2):302-305.
[9]张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1410-1430.Zhang Y.The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equationmigration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1410-1430.
[10]薄启亮.海外石油勘探开发技术及实践.北京:石油工业出版社,2010.Bo Q L.Overseas Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentTechnology and Practice(in Chinese).Beijing:Oil IndustryPress,2010.
[11]吴庆举,李永华,张瑞青等.接收函数的克希霍夫2D偏移方法.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):539-545.Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R Q,et al.2DKirchhoff migration forreceiver function.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):539-545.
[12]刘定进,印兴耀.共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):492-501.Liu D J,Yin X Y.The method of wave equation preservedamplitude prestack depth migration for common offsetgathers.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):492-501.
[13]Xiong X J,He Z H,Huang D J.One way wave equationseismic prestack forward modeling with irregular surfaces.Applied Geophysics,2006,3(1):13-17.
[14]杨长春,刘兴材,李幼铭等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用.地球物理学报,1996,39(3):409-415.Li C C,Liu X C,Li Y M,et al.A methodology for seismicprestack depth migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(3):409-415.
[15]Reshef M.The use of 3-D prestack depth imaging to estimatelayer velocities and reflector positions.Geophysics,1997,62(1):206-120.
[16]Jones I F,Ibbotson K,Grimshaw M,et al.3-D prestack depthmigration and velocity model building.The Leading Edge,1998,17(7):897-906.
[17]李博,刘红伟,刘国峰等.地震叠前逆时偏移算法的CPU/GPU实施对策.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2938-2943.Li B,Liu H W,Liu G F,et al.Computational strategy ofseismic pre-stack reverse time migration on CPU/GPU.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2938-2943.
[18]刘红伟,刘洪,李博等.起伏地表叠前逆时偏移理论及GPU加速技术.地球物理学报,2011,54(7):1883-1892.Liu H W,Liu H,Li B,et al.Pre-stack reverse time migrationfor rugged topography and GPU acceleration technology.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(7):1883-1892.
[19]丁亮,刘洋.逆时偏移成像技术研究进展.地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):1085-1100.Ding L,Liu Y.Progress in reverse time migration imaging.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2011,26(3):1085-1100.
[20]李晶,王成祥,李军茹等.地震资料叠前偏移成像技术进展.地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):966-982.Li J,Wang C X,Li J R,et al.The recent overseasdevelopment of pre-stack migration of seismic data.Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2011,26(3):966-982.
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