塔河油田古岩溶储集体三维建模
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摘要
通过对古岩溶储层建模方法适用性的分析,从加强古岩溶储集体发育模式在建模中的约束作用的角度出发,探索一套"垂向划带、平面分区、断裂优先"的古岩溶储集体三维展布建模方法,将此方法应用于塔河油田4区奥陶系油藏三维建模,并说明该方法的基本步骤,包括单井储集体识别与垂向划带,岩溶古地貌恢复与平面分区,地震约束数据的选用,建模算法与地质统计分析。研究表明:塔河油田4区奥陶系垂向上可以划分为表层岩溶带、垂直渗流溶蚀带、径流溶蚀带及潜流溶蚀带,平面上可分为岩溶高地、岩溶斜坡、岩溶洼地3类岩溶古地貌;古岩溶储集体发育与地震相干体具有较好的概率相关关系;基于"垂向划带、平面分区、断裂优先"方法建立的储集体三维模型与油田生产实践相符。
According to the applicability analysis of paleokarst reservoir modeling method,a method of vertical division of karst zones,planar partition of palaeogeomorphology,fracture as priority was formed,considering the restriction of the development pattern of paleokarst reservoir in the modeling.The primary steps of the method were demonstrated via the case of 3D modeling of Ordovician reservoir in TK4 block of Tahe Oilfield,which were reservoir identification in single well and vertical division of karst zone,restoration and planar partition of palaeogeomorphology,optimization of seismic data as constraint,analysis of modeling algorithm and geologic statistics.The results show that in the vertical direction,the Ordovician reservoir in TK4 block of Tahe Oilfield is divided into superficial karst zone,vertical seepage dissolution zone,runoff dissolution zone and subsurface flow dissolution zone;while in the planar direction,3 types of palaeogeomorphology units were distinguished,which were karst highland,karst slope and karst depression.The paleokarst reservoir has a good probability correlation with seismic coherence,and the 3D model built through the new method is well consistent with the oilfield production.
According to the applicability analysis of paleokarst reservoir modeling method,a method of vertical division of karst zones,planar partition of palaeogeomorphology,fracture as priority was formed,considering the restriction of the development pattern of paleokarst reservoir in the modeling.The primary steps of the method were demonstrated via the case of 3D modeling of Ordovician reservoir in TK4 block of Tahe Oilfield,which were reservoir identification in single well and vertical division of karst zone,restoration and planar partition of palaeogeomorphology,optimization of seismic data as constraint,analysis of modeling algorithm and geologic statistics.The results show that in the vertical direction,the Ordovician reservoir in TK4 block of Tahe Oilfield is divided into superficial karst zone,vertical seepage dissolution zone,runoff dissolution zone and subsurface flow dissolution zone;while in the planar direction,3 types of palaeogeomorphology units were distinguished,which were karst highland,karst slope and karst depression.The paleokarst reservoir has a good probability correlation with seismic coherence,and the 3D model built through the new method is well consistent with the oilfield production.
引文
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[15]夏日元,唐健生,关碧珠,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古岩溶地貌及天然气富集特征[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):133-136.XIA Ri-yuan,TANG Jian-sheng,GUAN Bi-zhu,et al.Ordovician palaeokarst landform in Ordos Basin and gasenrichment characteristics[J].1999,20(2):133-136.
[16]金振奎,邹元荣,蒋春雷,等.大港探区奥陶系岩溶储层发育分布控制因素[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):530-535.JIN Zhen-kui,ZOU Yuan-rong,JIANG Chun-lei,et al.Distribution and controlling factors of Ordovician karstreservoirs in Dagang region[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,2001,19(4):530-535.
[17]肖玉茹,王敦则,沈杉平.新疆塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征及其受控因素[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):92-98.XIAO Yu-ru,WANG Dun-ze,SHEN Shan-ping.Thecharacteristics of paleocave carbonate reservoir and itscontrol factors in Ordovician of the Tahe Oilfield in theTarim Basin,Xinjiang[J].Geoscience,2003,17(1):92-98.
[18]陈学时,易万霞,卢文忠.中国油气田古岩溶与油气储层[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):244-253.CHEN Xue-shi,YI Wan-xia,LU wen-zhong.The pal-eokarst reservoirs of oil/gas fields in China[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(2):244-253.
[19]康志宏.塔河碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶古地貌研究[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):522-525.KANG Zhi-hong.The karst palaeogeomorphology of car-bonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petrole-um Geology,2006,27(5):522-525.
[20]张涛,闫相宾.塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层主控因素探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):745-754.ZHANG Tao,YAN Xiang-bin.A discussion on mainfactors controlling deep carbonate reservoirs in the TarimBasin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):745-754.
[21]康玉柱.中国古生代碳酸盐岩古岩溶储集特征与油气分布[J].天然气工业,2008,28(6):1-12.KANG Yu-zhu.Characteristics and distribution laws ofpaleokarst hydrocarbon reservoirs in palaeozoic carbonateformations in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(6):1-12.
[22]艾合买提江阿不都热和曼,钟建华,李阳,等.碳酸盐岩裂缝与岩溶作用研究[J].地质论评,2008,54(4):485-493.AHMATJAN Abdurahman,ZHONG Jian-hua,LI Yang,et al.Study on effect between karstification and fracturein carbonate rocks[J].Geological Review,2008,54(4):485-493.
[23]吕修祥,杨宁,周新源,等.塔里木盆地断裂活动对奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的影响[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(增刊Ⅰ):48-54.LXiu-xiang,YANG Ning,ZHOU Xin-yuan,et al.The effect of fault activity to the Ordovician carbonate in Tarim Basin[J].Science in China(Ser D)2008,38(supⅠ):48-54.
[24]任美锷,刘振中,王飞燕,等.岩溶学概论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1983:3-33.
[25]焦方正,翟晓先.海相碳酸盐岩非常规大油气田——塔河油田勘探研究与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:136-137.
[26]吴胜和,欧阳健.塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系岩溶体系的测井分析[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1994,18(2):123-127.WU Sheng-he,OUYANG Jian.Well-logging analysis on karst system of Ordovician at Lunnan region of Tarim Ba-sin[J].Journal of the university of petroleum,China(E-dition of Natural Science),1994,18(2):123-127.
[27]康玉柱.中国塔里木盆地石油地质特征及资料评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:65-92.
[2]邹才能,陶士振.海相碳酸盐岩大中型岩性地层油气田形成的主要控制因素[J].科学通报,2007,52(增刊Ⅰ):32-39.ZOU Cai-neng,TAO Shi-zhen.Main controlling factors ofthe forming of the large-medium lithological-stratigraphicReservoir in marine carbonate[J].Chinese Science Bulle-tin,2007,52(supⅠ):32-39.
[3]裘亦楠.储层地质模型[J].石油学报,1992,12(4):55-62.QIU Yi-nan.Geological models of petroleum reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1992,12(4):55-62.
[4]裘亦楠,贾爱林.储层地质模型10年[J].石油学报,2000,21(4):101-104.QIU Yi-nan,JIA Ai-lin.Ten years history of geologicalreservoir models[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(4):101-104.
[5]吴胜和,金振奎,黄沧细,等.储层建模[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:9-91.
[6]陈恭洋,张永贵.千米桥潜山碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层随机建模[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(5):389-392.CHEN Gong-yang,ZHANG Yong-gui.Fracture and cavereservoir stochastic modeling of carbonate buried hill inQianmiqiao area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(5):389-392.
[7]王根久,王桂宏,余国义,等.塔河碳酸盐岩油藏地质模型[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):109-111.WANG Gen-jiu,WANG Gui-hong,YU Guo-yi,et al.Geo-logical model of carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oil field[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):109-111.
[8]赵敏,康志宏,刘洁.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层建模与应用[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):318-320.ZHAO Min,KANG Zhi-hong,LIU Jie.Modeling and ap-plication of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Xin-jiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(3):318-320.
[9]焦方正,窦之林.塔河碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发研究与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:1,61-70.
[10]吴胜和,刘英,范峥,等.应用地质和地震信息进行三维沉积微相随机建模[J].古地理学报,2003,5(4):439-449.WU Sheng-he,LIU Ying,FAN Zheng,et al.3D sto-chastic modeling of sedimentary mic-rofacies with geo-logical and seismic data[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(4):439-449.
[11]吴欣松,魏建新,昌建波,等.碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层预测的难点与对策[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(6):16-21WU Xin-song,WEI Jian-xin,CHANG Jian-bo,et al.Difficulty and countermeasures in carbonate paleokarstreservoir prediction[J].Journal of China University ofPetroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2009,33(6):16-21.
[12]牛永斌,钟建华,王培俊,等.成岩作用对塔河油田二区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集空间发育的影响[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(6):13-19.NIU Yong-bin,ZHONG Jian-hua,WANG Pei-jun,etal.Effect of diagenesis on accumulate capability of Or-dovician carbonate rock in block 2 of Tahe Oilfield[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition ofNatural Science),2010,34(6):13-19.
[13]郭建华.塔北、塔中地区下古生界深埋藏古岩溶[J].中国岩溶,1996,15(3):207-216.GUO Jian-hua.On the palaeokarst of lower palaeozoicgroup,Tarbei and Tarzhong regions of Tarim[J].Carso-logica Sinica,1996,15(3):207-216.
[14]ROBERT G Loucks.Paleocave Carbonate reservoirs:ori-gins,burial-depth modifications,spatial complexity,andreservoir implications[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(11):1795-1834.
[15]夏日元,唐健生,关碧珠,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古岩溶地貌及天然气富集特征[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):133-136.XIA Ri-yuan,TANG Jian-sheng,GUAN Bi-zhu,et al.Ordovician palaeokarst landform in Ordos Basin and gasenrichment characteristics[J].1999,20(2):133-136.
[16]金振奎,邹元荣,蒋春雷,等.大港探区奥陶系岩溶储层发育分布控制因素[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):530-535.JIN Zhen-kui,ZOU Yuan-rong,JIANG Chun-lei,et al.Distribution and controlling factors of Ordovician karstreservoirs in Dagang region[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,2001,19(4):530-535.
[17]肖玉茹,王敦则,沈杉平.新疆塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征及其受控因素[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):92-98.XIAO Yu-ru,WANG Dun-ze,SHEN Shan-ping.Thecharacteristics of paleocave carbonate reservoir and itscontrol factors in Ordovician of the Tahe Oilfield in theTarim Basin,Xinjiang[J].Geoscience,2003,17(1):92-98.
[18]陈学时,易万霞,卢文忠.中国油气田古岩溶与油气储层[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):244-253.CHEN Xue-shi,YI Wan-xia,LU wen-zhong.The pal-eokarst reservoirs of oil/gas fields in China[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(2):244-253.
[19]康志宏.塔河碳酸盐岩油藏岩溶古地貌研究[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):522-525.KANG Zhi-hong.The karst palaeogeomorphology of car-bonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petrole-um Geology,2006,27(5):522-525.
[20]张涛,闫相宾.塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层主控因素探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):745-754.ZHANG Tao,YAN Xiang-bin.A discussion on mainfactors controlling deep carbonate reservoirs in the TarimBasin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):745-754.
[21]康玉柱.中国古生代碳酸盐岩古岩溶储集特征与油气分布[J].天然气工业,2008,28(6):1-12.KANG Yu-zhu.Characteristics and distribution laws ofpaleokarst hydrocarbon reservoirs in palaeozoic carbonateformations in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(6):1-12.
[22]艾合买提江阿不都热和曼,钟建华,李阳,等.碳酸盐岩裂缝与岩溶作用研究[J].地质论评,2008,54(4):485-493.AHMATJAN Abdurahman,ZHONG Jian-hua,LI Yang,et al.Study on effect between karstification and fracturein carbonate rocks[J].Geological Review,2008,54(4):485-493.
[23]吕修祥,杨宁,周新源,等.塔里木盆地断裂活动对奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的影响[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(增刊Ⅰ):48-54.LXiu-xiang,YANG Ning,ZHOU Xin-yuan,et al.The effect of fault activity to the Ordovician carbonate in Tarim Basin[J].Science in China(Ser D)2008,38(supⅠ):48-54.
[24]任美锷,刘振中,王飞燕,等.岩溶学概论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1983:3-33.
[25]焦方正,翟晓先.海相碳酸盐岩非常规大油气田——塔河油田勘探研究与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:136-137.
[26]吴胜和,欧阳健.塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系岩溶体系的测井分析[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1994,18(2):123-127.WU Sheng-he,OUYANG Jian.Well-logging analysis on karst system of Ordovician at Lunnan region of Tarim Ba-sin[J].Journal of the university of petroleum,China(E-dition of Natural Science),1994,18(2):123-127.
[27]康玉柱.中国塔里木盆地石油地质特征及资料评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:65-92.
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