煤层陷落柱散射波数值模拟与成像
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摘要
煤层陷落柱是煤田勘探开发中常见的一种典型的非均匀地质体.由于来自陷落柱的反射信号少、反射能量弱,使得基于反射波原理的常规地震成像方法难以有效识别陷落柱.本文以散射波理论为基础,采用数值模拟方法,研究了陷落柱的散射波场特征,研究表明地面接收的波场中含有来自陷落柱陡倾角界面的散射波场.通过共散射点道集波场的模拟,可以清晰地识别散射波,获得地下散射点和非均匀地质体的信息,判断散射点的位置,从而勾画出不均匀地质体的形态.采用等效偏移距假设抽取共散射点道集,在此基础上进行叠前偏移,对陷落柱成像;模拟与实际数据成像结果对比表明此方法能够合理地提取散射点的散射波场信息,对陷落柱形态及内部结构准确成像,是一种有效的煤田陷落柱成像方法.
The scattered wave theory has built the basis of scattered wave imaging of the sunken pillar in coal field seismic exploration.When seismic waves meet with the scatter point underground,the waves propagate around and generate scattered waves.And then reflection is formed by enhancing energy interference of scattered waves.Through the numerical modeling,we can receive the scattered waves from the steep dip interface of the sunken pillar in coal seam.After researching wave characteristic on common scatter point(CSP) gathers,we can recognize the scattered waves,and obtain the information of geologic structure underground,including the structure position and the outline of heterogeneous geologic body.Tested with field seismic data,the result of scattered wave imaging indicates that the equivalent offset method(EOM) can reasonably and accurately use the information of scattered waves,and the pre-stack time migration based on EOM is an effective method for the imaging of sunken pillars and inhomogeneous geologic bodies.
The scattered wave theory has built the basis of scattered wave imaging of the sunken pillar in coal field seismic exploration.When seismic waves meet with the scatter point underground,the waves propagate around and generate scattered waves.And then reflection is formed by enhancing energy interference of scattered waves.Through the numerical modeling,we can receive the scattered waves from the steep dip interface of the sunken pillar in coal seam.After researching wave characteristic on common scatter point(CSP) gathers,we can recognize the scattered waves,and obtain the information of geologic structure underground,including the structure position and the outline of heterogeneous geologic body.Tested with field seismic data,the result of scattered wave imaging indicates that the equivalent offset method(EOM) can reasonably and accurately use the information of scattered waves,and the pre-stack time migration based on EOM is an effective method for the imaging of sunken pillars and inhomogeneous geologic bodies.
引文
[1]张茂林,尹尚先.华北型煤田陷落柱形成过程研究.煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(6):26-29.Zhang M L,Yin S X.Forming process of subsided column incoalfields of North China.Coal Geology&Exploration(inChinese),2007,35(6):26-29.
[2]方沛,王海龙.岩溶陷落柱成因分布规律浅析.煤炭工程,2008,(11):84-85.Fang P,Wang H L.Karst in the fall of distribution ofcauses.Coal Engineering(in Chinese),2008,(11):84-85.
[3]尹尚先,武强,王尚旭.华北煤矿区岩溶陷落柱特征及成因探讨.岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):120-123.Yin S X,Wu Q,Wang S X.Studies on characters andforming mechanism of karstic collapse columns at mine areaof north China.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering(in Chinese),2004,23(1):120-123.
[4]Wang J M,Liu X W,Liu W S,et al.The inner circulationmechanism in sinking column formation in North China coalfield—A case study in Fengfeng mining areas.Journal ofCoal Science&Engineering(China),2007,13(1):32-36.
[5]曹志勇,王伟,杨德义等.煤田陷落柱波场模拟与分析.太原理工大学学报,2008,39(spec):841-843.Cao Z Y,Wang W,Yang D Y,et al.Coalfield subsidedcolumn wavefield modeling and analysis.Journal of TaiyuanUniversity of Technology(in Chinese),2008,39(spec):841-843.
[6]曹志勇,杨德义.陷落柱的高斯射线束法模拟.中国煤炭地质,2008,20(6):63-65,69.Cao Z Y,Yang D Y.Modeling of subsided column withGaussian beam method.Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),2008,20(6):63-65,69.
[7]杨德义,王赟,王辉.陷落柱的绕射波.石油物探,2000,39(4):82-86.Yang D Y,Wang Y,Wang H.Diffraction waves from fallenpillars.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2000,39(4):82-86.
[8]吴守华,周国兴,杨素霞等.陷落柱地震响应特征分析.煤田地质与勘探,2004,32(3):52-54.Wu G H,Zhou G X,Yang S X,et al.Analysis for theseismic response characteristics of collapse column.CoalGeology&Exploration(in Chinese),2004,32(3):52-54.
[9]孟宪民,蒋维平.波阻抗反演技术及其应用效果.中国煤炭地质,2009,21(1):52-54.Meng X M,Jiang W P.Elastic impedance inversiontechnology and its application effect.Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),2009,21(1):52-54.
[10]宁建宏,张广忠.陷落柱的地震识别技术及其应用.煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(3):64-67.Ning J H,Zhang G Z.Seismic identification technique and itsapplication of collapse column.Coal Geology&Exploration(in Chinese),2005,33(3):64-67.
[11]杨晓东.三维地震勘探在构造复杂地区的应用.中国煤炭地质,2008,20(3):62-64.Yang X D.Applied results of 3D seismic prospecting inshallow coal seam buried areas.CoalGeologyofChina(inChinese),2008,20(3):62-64.
[12]程建远,王玺瑞,郭晓山等.东庞矿突水陷落柱三维地震处理效果与对比.煤田地质与勘探,2008,36(1):62-65.Cheng J Y,Wang X R,Guo X S,et al.3Dseismic processingfor subsidence column detection applied in Dongpang coal mine.Coal Geology&Exploration(in Chinese),2008,36(1):62-65.
[13]黄联捷,吴如山.垂向非均匀背景多频背向散射层析成像.地球物理学报,1994,37(1):87-100.Huang L J,Wu R S.Multifrequency backscatteringtomography in a vertically varying background.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(1):87-100.
[14]董其成,赵鸿儒.非均质矿体地震模型的衍射、转换波及次生波研究.地球物理学报,1994,37(2):228-238.Dong Q C,Zhao H R.Diffraction,converted waves andderivative wave research of anisotropic geologic body byseismic model.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta GeophysicaSinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(2):228-238.
[15]陶智勇.弹性波逆散射微扰论.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):918-923.Tao Z Y.Elastic wave inverse scattering perturbationtheory.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):918-923.
[16]Wu R S,Aki K.Scattering characteristics of elastic waves byan elastic heterogeneity.Geophysics,1985,50(4):582-595.
[17]Wu R S,Huang L J.Scattered field calculation inheterogenous media using a phase-screen propagator:Expanded Abstracts of the Technical Program.SEG 62ndAnnual Meeting,1992.1289-1292.
[18]Wu R S,Huang L J,Xie X B.Backscattered Wavecalculation using the DE Wolf approximation and a phase-screen propagator:Expanded Abstracts of the TechnicalProgram.SEG 65th Annual Meeting,1995.1293-1296.
[19]Weglein A B,Gssparotto F A,Carvalho P M,et al.Aninverse-scattering series method for attenuating multiples inseismic reflection data.Geophysics,1997,62(6):1975-1989.
[20]Carcione J M,Herman G C,Ten Kroode A P E.Seismicmodeling.Geophysics,2002,44(6):1304-1087.
[21]杜世通.地震波动力学理论与方法.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2008.57-83.Du S T.Seismic Wave Dynamics Theory and Methods.Dongying:Petroleum University Press,2008.57-83.
[22]Innanen K A.Born series forward modelling of seismicprimary and multiple reflections:an inverse scatteringshortcut.Geophys.J.Int.,2009,177:1197-1204.
[23]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D.Equivalent offsets and CRPgathers for prestack migration.64th.Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,1994.672-675.
[24]Bancroft J C,Wang S,Foltinek D S,et al.Commonscatterpoint(CSP)prestack migration:CSEG NationalConvention.Expanded Abstracts,1995.47-48.
[25]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Margrave G F.The equivalentoffset method of prestack time migration.Geophysics,1998,63(6):2042-2053.
[26]王伟,尹军杰,刘学伟等.等效偏移距方法及应用.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1823-1830.Wang W,Yin J J,Liu X W,et al.Equivalent offset methodand its application.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(6):1823-1830.
[2]方沛,王海龙.岩溶陷落柱成因分布规律浅析.煤炭工程,2008,(11):84-85.Fang P,Wang H L.Karst in the fall of distribution ofcauses.Coal Engineering(in Chinese),2008,(11):84-85.
[3]尹尚先,武强,王尚旭.华北煤矿区岩溶陷落柱特征及成因探讨.岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):120-123.Yin S X,Wu Q,Wang S X.Studies on characters andforming mechanism of karstic collapse columns at mine areaof north China.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering(in Chinese),2004,23(1):120-123.
[4]Wang J M,Liu X W,Liu W S,et al.The inner circulationmechanism in sinking column formation in North China coalfield—A case study in Fengfeng mining areas.Journal ofCoal Science&Engineering(China),2007,13(1):32-36.
[5]曹志勇,王伟,杨德义等.煤田陷落柱波场模拟与分析.太原理工大学学报,2008,39(spec):841-843.Cao Z Y,Wang W,Yang D Y,et al.Coalfield subsidedcolumn wavefield modeling and analysis.Journal of TaiyuanUniversity of Technology(in Chinese),2008,39(spec):841-843.
[6]曹志勇,杨德义.陷落柱的高斯射线束法模拟.中国煤炭地质,2008,20(6):63-65,69.Cao Z Y,Yang D Y.Modeling of subsided column withGaussian beam method.Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),2008,20(6):63-65,69.
[7]杨德义,王赟,王辉.陷落柱的绕射波.石油物探,2000,39(4):82-86.Yang D Y,Wang Y,Wang H.Diffraction waves from fallenpillars.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2000,39(4):82-86.
[8]吴守华,周国兴,杨素霞等.陷落柱地震响应特征分析.煤田地质与勘探,2004,32(3):52-54.Wu G H,Zhou G X,Yang S X,et al.Analysis for theseismic response characteristics of collapse column.CoalGeology&Exploration(in Chinese),2004,32(3):52-54.
[9]孟宪民,蒋维平.波阻抗反演技术及其应用效果.中国煤炭地质,2009,21(1):52-54.Meng X M,Jiang W P.Elastic impedance inversiontechnology and its application effect.Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),2009,21(1):52-54.
[10]宁建宏,张广忠.陷落柱的地震识别技术及其应用.煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(3):64-67.Ning J H,Zhang G Z.Seismic identification technique and itsapplication of collapse column.Coal Geology&Exploration(in Chinese),2005,33(3):64-67.
[11]杨晓东.三维地震勘探在构造复杂地区的应用.中国煤炭地质,2008,20(3):62-64.Yang X D.Applied results of 3D seismic prospecting inshallow coal seam buried areas.CoalGeologyofChina(inChinese),2008,20(3):62-64.
[12]程建远,王玺瑞,郭晓山等.东庞矿突水陷落柱三维地震处理效果与对比.煤田地质与勘探,2008,36(1):62-65.Cheng J Y,Wang X R,Guo X S,et al.3Dseismic processingfor subsidence column detection applied in Dongpang coal mine.Coal Geology&Exploration(in Chinese),2008,36(1):62-65.
[13]黄联捷,吴如山.垂向非均匀背景多频背向散射层析成像.地球物理学报,1994,37(1):87-100.Huang L J,Wu R S.Multifrequency backscatteringtomography in a vertically varying background.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(1):87-100.
[14]董其成,赵鸿儒.非均质矿体地震模型的衍射、转换波及次生波研究.地球物理学报,1994,37(2):228-238.Dong Q C,Zhao H R.Diffraction,converted waves andderivative wave research of anisotropic geologic body byseismic model.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta GeophysicaSinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(2):228-238.
[15]陶智勇.弹性波逆散射微扰论.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):918-923.Tao Z Y.Elastic wave inverse scattering perturbationtheory.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):918-923.
[16]Wu R S,Aki K.Scattering characteristics of elastic waves byan elastic heterogeneity.Geophysics,1985,50(4):582-595.
[17]Wu R S,Huang L J.Scattered field calculation inheterogenous media using a phase-screen propagator:Expanded Abstracts of the Technical Program.SEG 62ndAnnual Meeting,1992.1289-1292.
[18]Wu R S,Huang L J,Xie X B.Backscattered Wavecalculation using the DE Wolf approximation and a phase-screen propagator:Expanded Abstracts of the TechnicalProgram.SEG 65th Annual Meeting,1995.1293-1296.
[19]Weglein A B,Gssparotto F A,Carvalho P M,et al.Aninverse-scattering series method for attenuating multiples inseismic reflection data.Geophysics,1997,62(6):1975-1989.
[20]Carcione J M,Herman G C,Ten Kroode A P E.Seismicmodeling.Geophysics,2002,44(6):1304-1087.
[21]杜世通.地震波动力学理论与方法.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2008.57-83.Du S T.Seismic Wave Dynamics Theory and Methods.Dongying:Petroleum University Press,2008.57-83.
[22]Innanen K A.Born series forward modelling of seismicprimary and multiple reflections:an inverse scatteringshortcut.Geophys.J.Int.,2009,177:1197-1204.
[23]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D.Equivalent offsets and CRPgathers for prestack migration.64th.Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,1994.672-675.
[24]Bancroft J C,Wang S,Foltinek D S,et al.Commonscatterpoint(CSP)prestack migration:CSEG NationalConvention.Expanded Abstracts,1995.47-48.
[25]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Margrave G F.The equivalentoffset method of prestack time migration.Geophysics,1998,63(6):2042-2053.
[26]王伟,尹军杰,刘学伟等.等效偏移距方法及应用.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1823-1830.Wang W,Yin J J,Liu X W,et al.Equivalent offset methodand its application.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(6):1823-1830.
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