宝鸡市渭北台塬马兰黄土震陷特性研究
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摘要
以宝鸡市地震小区划为依托,选取渭北典型黄土台塬场地,采集大量不同深度(1m、3m、5m)原状马兰黄土样品进行动三轴震陷试验,研究不同深度黄土震陷变化规律。建立了震陷曲线数学模型,分析表明,震陷基本参数起始动应力受含水量影响最显著,随含水量增加而减小,临界动应力与极限动应力受含水量影响不明显,但含水量大于塑限后随含水量增加而减小。震陷基本参数与孔隙比呈负相关关系,存在一特征孔隙比,当大于该特征孔隙比后,震陷临界动应力和极限动应力随孔隙比增大而迅速减小。提出一种表征震陷敏感性的指标———震陷敏感性系数Sc,反映震陷发生难易程度,其随含水量的增加而增大,随孔隙比的增加而增大。
With the support of the Baoji City seismic zonation project,a typical loess tableland site is selected and sufficient undisturbed loess samples at different depths(1m,3m,5m) collected.Based on the establishment of mathematical function model of seismic subsidence curves,basic parameters have been studied.The initial dynamic stress is affected significantly by and decreases with water content.The critical and ultimate dynamic stress is not sensitive to water content but decreases when it is greater than the plastic limit.The basic parameters show a negative relationship with void ratio,and there exists a critical one;as void ratio is larger than that,the critical and ultimate dynamic stress reduce significantly as void ratio increases.A seismic subsidence indicator,sensitivity coefficient,is proposed to reflect the vulnerability,and the indicator grows with the increase in both water content and void ratio.
With the support of the Baoji City seismic zonation project,a typical loess tableland site is selected and sufficient undisturbed loess samples at different depths(1m,3m,5m) collected.Based on the establishment of mathematical function model of seismic subsidence curves,basic parameters have been studied.The initial dynamic stress is affected significantly by and decreases with water content.The critical and ultimate dynamic stress is not sensitive to water content but decreases when it is greater than the plastic limit.The basic parameters show a negative relationship with void ratio,and there exists a critical one;as void ratio is larger than that,the critical and ultimate dynamic stress reduce significantly as void ratio increases.A seismic subsidence indicator,sensitivity coefficient,is proposed to reflect the vulnerability,and the indicator grows with the increase in both water content and void ratio.
引文
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[9]王家鼎,谷天峰,任权.高速铁路路基黄土滑移变形的动力数值模拟[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(5):19-23.[WANG J D,GU T F,REN Q.Dynamic numerical simulation for slip deformation ofloess foundation of high-speed railway[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2008,35(5):19-23.(in Chinese)]
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[2]何光,朱鸿博.黄土振陷研究[J].岩土工程学报,1990,12(6):99-103.[HE G,ZHU H B.Study onseismic subsidence of 1oess[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1990,12(6):99-103.(in Chinese)]
[3]王兰民,张振中.地震时黄土震陷量的估算方法[J].自然灾害学报,1993,2(3):85-94.[WANG LM,ZHANG Z Z.A method of estimating the quantityof seismic subsidence in loess deposits duringearthquakes[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1993,2(3):85-94.(in Chinese)]
[4]王兰民,邓津,黄媛.黄土震陷性的微观结构量化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(z1):3025-3031.[WANG L M,DENG Ji,HUANG Y.Quantitative analysis of microstructure of loess seismicsubsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2007,26(S1):3025-3031.(inChinese)]
[5]王兰民,孙军杰,徐舜华,等.爆破模拟地震动条件下黄土场地震陷研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):913-922.[WANG L M,SUN J J,XU S H,et al.Characteristics of seismic subsidenceof loess site induced by blasting ground motion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):913-922.(in Chinese)]
[6]王峻,刘旭.白兰高速公路沿线黄土场地震陷区判定与评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2004,31(3):13-16.[WANG J,LIU X.Discrimination andevaluation for seismic subsidence areas in loess sitesalong the highway from Baiyin to Lanzhou[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2004,31(3):13-16.(in Chinese)]
[7]骆亚生,谢定义.黄土破坏动应力和初始动模量的一种经验估算公式[J].西北水资源与水工程,2000,11(3):6-10.[(LUO Y S,XIE D Y.Aempirical formula on estimating loess dynamic failurestress and primary dynamic modulus[J].WesternWater Resources and Water Engineering,2001,11(3):6-10.(in Chinese)]
[8]骆亚生,谢定义,陈存礼.黄土不同湿状态下破坏动强度的试验分析[J].西安理工大学学报,2001,17(4):403-407.[LUO Y S,XIE D Y,CHEN C L.Test analysis of dynamic failure strength of loess underdifferent moisture conditions[J].Journal of Xi'anUniversity of Technology,2001,17(4):403-407.(inChinese)]
[9]王家鼎,谷天峰,任权.高速铁路路基黄土滑移变形的动力数值模拟[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(5):19-23.[WANG J D,GU T F,REN Q.Dynamic numerical simulation for slip deformation ofloess foundation of high-speed railway[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2008,35(5):19-23.(in Chinese)]
[10]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.[WANG L M.Loess dynamics[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2003.(in Chinese)]
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