下刚果盆地A区块中新统深水水道沉积特征
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摘要
重力流分支水道是下刚果盆地中新统发育的典型深水沉积单元之一。利用相干时间切片、RMS均方根振幅和3D振幅可视化等地球物理手段识别出工区内发育的深水弯曲水道,论述了复合水道砂体内部充填结构,精细刻画了深水水道砂体的内幕结构,并利用地质异常体处理与三维可视化技术相结合追踪出工区内发育的水道砂体,描述了其平面分布特征和储层特征。工区内主要发育高弯度重力流分支水道,根据深水水道充填成因分类将其进一步划分为侵蚀充填型和侵蚀—加积型水道复合体;大型侵蚀水道内部由多期充填,主要由滑塌形成的旋转滑块和碎屑流、叠置水道及水道—天然堤沉积组成;并在三维可视化中识别出了多期水道砂体,探讨了水道砂体的地震反射特征和测井响应特征。
The distributary channels of gravity flows are typical deepwater depositional elements well developed in the Miocene of the Lower Congo Basin.Advanced Geophysical technology,such as 3D ESP coherence time slices,RMS amplitude and 3D visualization,have been used to identify the deep-water meandering channels.The internal filling structures of the complex channel sand body are discussed and described in this paper.The channel sand bodies developed in the study area were traced through geologic anomaly with 3D visualization technique,and the plane distribution and reservoir characters were revealed.The high sinuous gravity flow distributary channels could be classified into 2 types,i.e.erosional and erosional/aggradational channel complexes,according to the filling pattern of the sediments.Large-scale erosional channel with multiphase fillings are composed of rotational sliding blocks,debris flow deposits,stacked channel and channel-levee deposits,which were recognized with 3D visualization.Their seismic reflection characteristics and logging responses were studied as well in details.
The distributary channels of gravity flows are typical deepwater depositional elements well developed in the Miocene of the Lower Congo Basin.Advanced Geophysical technology,such as 3D ESP coherence time slices,RMS amplitude and 3D visualization,have been used to identify the deep-water meandering channels.The internal filling structures of the complex channel sand body are discussed and described in this paper.The channel sand bodies developed in the study area were traced through geologic anomaly with 3D visualization technique,and the plane distribution and reservoir characters were revealed.The high sinuous gravity flow distributary channels could be classified into 2 types,i.e.erosional and erosional/aggradational channel complexes,according to the filling pattern of the sediments.Large-scale erosional channel with multiphase fillings are composed of rotational sliding blocks,debris flow deposits,stacked channel and channel-levee deposits,which were recognized with 3D visualization.Their seismic reflection characteristics and logging responses were studied as well in details.
引文
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[26]Hackbarth C,Shew R.Morphology and stratigraphy of amid-Pleistocene turbidite leveed channel from seismic,coreand log data[C]∥Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems:GCSSEPM Foundation 15th Annual Research Conference,Northeastern Gulf of Mexico,1994:127-133.
[27]Clark J D,Pickering K T.Architectural elements andgrowth patterns of submarine channels:Application to hy-drocarbon exploration[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(2):194-221.
[28]Shepard F P,Emery K O.Congo submarine canyon and fanvalley[J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57:1 679-1 691.
[29]Kenyon N H,Amir A,Cramp A.Geometry of the youngersediment bodies of the Indus Fan[C]∥Pickering K T,Hiscott R N,Kenyon N H,et al.Atlas of Deep Water En-vironments:Architectural Style in Turbidite Systems.London:Chapman and Hall,1995:89-93.
[30]Fridmann S.Recent advances in deep-water sedimentologyand stratigraphy using conventional and high-resolution 3Dseismic data[C]∥Conference CD with Extended Ab-stracts,GeoCanada 2000.Calgary,Alberta,Abstract Num-ber 679,2000.
[31]刘曾勤,王英民,吕睿,等.孟加拉扇上扇某区块深水沉积体的特征及演化模式[J].沉积学报,2012,30(1):84-91.
[32]Babonneau N,Savoye B,Cremer M,et al.Sedimentary ar-chitecture in meanders of a submarine channel:Detailedstudy of the present Congo turbidite channel(ZaiangoProject)[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2010,80:852-866.
[2]Middleton G V,Hampton M A.Sediment-gravity flows:mechanics of flow and deposition[M]∥Middleton G V,Bouma A H.Turbidites and Deep-Water Sedimentation.Pacific Section of the Society of Economic Paleontologistsand Mineralogists.Short Course Lecture Notes,Los Angel-es,1973:1-38.
[3]Middleton G V,Hampton M A.Subaqueous sedimenttransport and deposition by sediment gravity flows[M]∥Marine Sediment Transport and Environmental Manage-ment,New York:Wiley,1976:197-218.
[4]Walker R G.Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient sub-marine fans:models for exploration for stratigraphic traps[J].The American Association of Petroleum Geologists V,1978,62(6):932-966.
[5]Mutti E.Turbidite systems and their relations to deposi-tional sequences[M]∥Zuffa G G.Provenance of Arenites.Dordrecht:Reidel Publishing Compang,1985:65-93.
[6]Shanmugam G,Moiola R J,McPherson S O’Connell.Com-parison of modern Mississippi fan with selected ancient fans[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transac-tions,1988,38:157-165.
[7]Reading H G,Richard M.Turbidite systems in deep-waterbasin margins classified by grain size and feeder system[J].AAPG,1994,78(5):792-822.
[8]Bouma A H.Coarse-grained and fine-grained turbidite sys-tems as end member models:applicability and dangers[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:137-143.
[9]Piper D J W,Normark W R.Sandy fans-from Amazon toHueneme and beyond[J].AAPG,2001,85(8):1 407-1 438.
[10]Deptuck M,Steffens G,Barton M,et al.Architecture andevolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Deltaslope and in the Arabian Sea[J].Marine and PetroleumGeology,2003,20:649-676.
[11]Payros A,Pujalte E V.Calciclastic submarine fans:Anintegrated overview[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2008,86:203-246.
[12]Mutti B,Bernoulli D,Lucchi F R,et al.Turbidites andturbidity currents from Alpine“flysch”to the explorationof continental margins[J].Sedimentology,2009,56:267-318.
[13]Weimer P,Slatt R M,Coleman J,et al.Deep-water reser-voirs of the world[C]∥Gulf Coast Section SEPM Founda-tion 20th Annual Bob F,Perkins Research Conference.Houston,2000:578-586.
[14]Martin P A,Michael R H.Evolution of the Cretaceous A-strid thrust belt in the ultradeep-water Lower Congo Ba-sin,Gabon[J].AAPG Bulletin,Houston,2008,92(4):487-511.
[15]刘军,庞雄,颜承志,等.南海北部陆坡白云深水区浅层深水水道沉积[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(3):255-259.
[16]Richards M,Bowman M.Submarine fans and related dep-ositional systems II:variability in reservoir architectureand wireline log character[J].Marine and Petroleum Geol-ogy,1998,15:821-839.
[17]Carlos P,Jasim I.Reconstruction of turbidity currents inAmazon Channel[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20(6-8):823-849.
[18]Mayall M,Jones E,Casey M.Turbidite channel reservoirs-key elements in facies prediction and effective development[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23:821-841.
[19]Mutti E,Normark W R.Comparing examples of modernand ancient turbidite systems:problems and concepts[M]∥Leggett J K,Zuffa G G.Marine Clastic Sedimentology.London:Graham and Trotman,1987:1-38.
[20]Mutti E,Normark W R.An integrated approach to thestudy of turbidite systems[M]∥Weimer P,Link M H.Seismic facies and sedimentary processes of submarine fansand turbidite systems.New York:Springer-Verlag,1991:75-106.
[21]Clark J D,Pickering K T.Submarine channels:processesand architecture[M].London:Vallis Press,1996:231.
[22]Morris W R,Normark W R.Scaling,sedimentologic andgeometric criteria for comparing modern and ancient sandyturbidite elements[M]∥Weimer P,Slatt R M,Coleman JL,et al.Global Deep-Water Reservoirs:Gulf Coast SectionSEPM Foundation 20th Annual Bob F.Perkins ResearchConference,2000:606-628.
[23]Mayall M,O'Byrne C.Reservoir prediction and develop-ment challenges in turbidite slope channels[C]∥OTCConference Proceedings,Contribution,2002,No.14029.Houston:Offshore Technology Conference,2002.
[24]Saller A H,Noah J T,Ruzuar A P,et al.Linked lowstanddelta to basin-floor deposition,offshore Indonesia:An an-alog for deep-water reservoir systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88:21-46.
[25]Paivi H,Richard J D.Knickpoint migration in submarinechannels in response to fold growth,western Niger Delta[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:434-449.
[26]Hackbarth C,Shew R.Morphology and stratigraphy of amid-Pleistocene turbidite leveed channel from seismic,coreand log data[C]∥Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems:GCSSEPM Foundation 15th Annual Research Conference,Northeastern Gulf of Mexico,1994:127-133.
[27]Clark J D,Pickering K T.Architectural elements andgrowth patterns of submarine channels:Application to hy-drocarbon exploration[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(2):194-221.
[28]Shepard F P,Emery K O.Congo submarine canyon and fanvalley[J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57:1 679-1 691.
[29]Kenyon N H,Amir A,Cramp A.Geometry of the youngersediment bodies of the Indus Fan[C]∥Pickering K T,Hiscott R N,Kenyon N H,et al.Atlas of Deep Water En-vironments:Architectural Style in Turbidite Systems.London:Chapman and Hall,1995:89-93.
[30]Fridmann S.Recent advances in deep-water sedimentologyand stratigraphy using conventional and high-resolution 3Dseismic data[C]∥Conference CD with Extended Ab-stracts,GeoCanada 2000.Calgary,Alberta,Abstract Num-ber 679,2000.
[31]刘曾勤,王英民,吕睿,等.孟加拉扇上扇某区块深水沉积体的特征及演化模式[J].沉积学报,2012,30(1):84-91.
[32]Babonneau N,Savoye B,Cremer M,et al.Sedimentary ar-chitecture in meanders of a submarine channel:Detailedstudy of the present Congo turbidite channel(ZaiangoProject)[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2010,80:852-866.
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