西昆仑山前柯东构造新生代构造变形及油气意义
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摘要
利用高分辨率三维地震剖面、地表露头以及钻井数据分析了西昆仑山前克里阳—甫沙构造带东段柯东构造的特征,认为柯东构造为压扭构造,主要发育基底断层,表现为强烈变形的褶皱前翼和宽缓的后翼(顶部)。生长地层揭示克里阳—甫沙断层于上新世逆冲形成柯东单斜(鼻隆),具有卷入翼部旋转的变形机制;后期克里阳—甫沙断层发育突破断层将柯东单斜切割为断块,并导致地表出露一套高陡倒转的地层,这套地层卷入了侏罗系—新生界。柯东构造的深部断块构造变形较弱,使得油气藏得以保存,KD1井显示这类断块具有很好的勘探潜力。
Used high-resolution seismic data and combined with outcrop and drilling data,we analyzed structural characteristics of Kedong structure(the east segment of Keliyang-Fusha fault belt) in the piedmont of western Kunlun mountain,which,as a transpression structure,consists of mainly basement faults and shows a gently dipping backlimb(crest) and intensely-deformed forelimb.Growth strata reveal that Keliyang-Fusha faults formed a monocline(nose) structure by thrust in Pliocene with the deformation of limb rotation,that is to say the Kedong structure is a basement-involved structure.Later Keliyang-Fusha faults broke through the Kedong monocline and cut it into fault blocks,resulting in a suite of steeply-reversed strata exposed to the surface,which contained Jurassic-Cenozoic beds.Because deep fault blocks didn't suffer intense deformation,they formed good traps for hydrocarbon accumulation.Drilling data of Well KD-1 indicated that such blocks are of good exploration potential.
Used high-resolution seismic data and combined with outcrop and drilling data,we analyzed structural characteristics of Kedong structure(the east segment of Keliyang-Fusha fault belt) in the piedmont of western Kunlun mountain,which,as a transpression structure,consists of mainly basement faults and shows a gently dipping backlimb(crest) and intensely-deformed forelimb.Growth strata reveal that Keliyang-Fusha faults formed a monocline(nose) structure by thrust in Pliocene with the deformation of limb rotation,that is to say the Kedong structure is a basement-involved structure.Later Keliyang-Fusha faults broke through the Kedong monocline and cut it into fault blocks,resulting in a suite of steeply-reversed strata exposed to the surface,which contained Jurassic-Cenozoic beds.Because deep fault blocks didn't suffer intense deformation,they formed good traps for hydrocarbon accumulation.Drilling data of Well KD-1 indicated that such blocks are of good exploration potential.
引文
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[17]Erslev E A.Trishear fault propagation folding[J].Geology,1991,19:617-620.
[18]Hardy S,Poblet J.Geometric and numerical model of progressivelimb rotation in detachment folds[J].Geology,1994,22:371-374.
[19]Ford M,Williams E A,Artoni A,et al.Progressive evolution of afault-related fold pair from growth strata geometries,SantLlorenc de Morunys,SE Pyrenees.[J].Journal of Structural Ge-ology.1997,19:413-441.
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[21]Hardy S,Finch E.Discrete element modeling of the influence ofcover strength on basement-involved fault-propagation folding[J].Tectonophysics,2006,415:225-238.
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[24]Shen Z,Wang M,Li Y,et al.Crustal deformation along the AltynTagh fault system,western China,from GPS[J].Journal of Geo-physical Research,2001,106:30607-30621.
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[26]Dewey J F,Holdsworth R E,Strachan R A.Transpression andtranstension zones[G]∥Holdsworth R E,Strachan R A,DeweyJ F.Continental transpressional and transtensional tectonics.Special Publication of the Geological Society 135,1998:1-14.
[27]魏国齐,贾承造.塔里木盆地逆冲带构造特征与油气[J].石油学报,1998,19(1):11-17.Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao.Structural characteristics and oil&gasof thrust belts in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1998,19(1):11-17.
[28]谢晓安,吴奇之,高岩,等.塔里木盆地压扭断裂带构造特征与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):13-17.Xie Xiao’an,Wu Qizhi,Gao Yan,et al.Hydrocarbon accumula-tion and structural characterstics of compresso-wrench fault beltsin Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(2):13-17.
[2]伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):260-271.Wu Xiufang,Liu Sheng,Wang Xin,et al.Analysis on structural sec-tions in the Cenozoic Pamir Western Kunlun foreland fold and thrustbelt[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(2):260-271.
[3]刘胜,汪新,伍秀芳,等.塔西南山前晚新生代构造生长地层与变形时代[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):24-28.Liu Sheng,Wang Xin,Wu Xiufang,et al.Growth strata and thedeformation time of the late Cenozoic along front belts of Pamirwestern Kunlun southwest Tianshan in China[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2004,25(5):24-28.
[4]程晓敢,雷刚林,陈汉林,等.西昆仑山前甫沙—克里阳地区新生代变形特征及油气控制作用[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):83-89.Cheng Xiaogan,Lei Ganglin,Chen Hanlin,et al.Cenozoic struc-tural deformation of the Fusha-Keliyang area in the piedmont ofthe western Kunlun Mountains and its control on hydrocarbonaccumulation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):83-89.
[5]杨海军,王步清,杨芝林,等.塔里木盆地西南坳陷柯东构造建模与油气勘探[J].地质科学,2011,46(2):456-465.Yang Haijun,Wang Buqing,Yang Zhilin,et al.Structure model-ing and hydrocarbon exploration of Kedong structural belt insouthwestern Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2011,46(2):456-465.
[6]张玮,漆家福,雷刚林,等.塔西南坳陷西昆仑山前冲断带的收缩构造变形模式[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(6):567-571.Zhang Wei,Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,et al.Deformation model ofcontraction structure of West Kunlun Piedmont Thrust Belt inSouthwestern Depression of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,2010,31(6):567-571.
[7]Molnar P,Tapponnier P.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:effects on acontinental collision[J].Science,1975,189:419-426.
[8]Tapponnier P,Molnar P.Active faulting and tectonics of China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,82:2905-2930.
[9]Sobel E R,Dumitru T A.Thrusting and exhumation around themargins of the western Tarim basin during the India-Asia colli-sion[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102:5043-5063.
[10]Negredo A M,Replumaz A,Villasenor A,et al.Modeling the evo-lution of continental subduction processes in the Pamir Hind Kushregion[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,259(1/2):212-225.
[11]潘家伟,李海兵,Jerome Van Der Woerd,等.西昆仑山前冲断带晚新生代构造地貌特征[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1368-1379.Pan Jiawei,Li Haibing,Jerome Van Der Woerd,et al.Late Ceno-zoic morphotectonic features of the thrust belt in the front of theWest Kunlun Mountains[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(10):1368-1379.
[12]Cowgill E,Yin A,Harrison T M,et al.Reconstruction of the Al-tyn Tagh fault based on U-Pbion microprobe geochronology:roleof back thrusts,mantle sutures,and heterogeneous crustalstrength in forming the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysi-cal Research,2003,108,B2346,doi:10.1029/2002JB002080.
[13]Cowgill E.Cenozoic right-slip faulting along the eastern margin of thePamir salient,northwestern China[J].GSA Bulletin,2010,122(1/2):145-161.
[14]梁瀚,杜治利,王宇,等.西昆仑山前东段新生代褶皱冲断带及其锥形楔机制[J].地质科学,2012,47(3):808-823.Liang Han,Du Zhili,Wang Yu,et al.Cenozoic fold and thrustbelt in eastern section of the piedmount of west Kunlun and itstaper wedge mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2012,47(3):808-823.
[15]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].A-merican Journal of Science,1983,283:684-721.
[16]Suppe J,Medwedeff D A.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propaga-tion folding[J].Eclogae Geological Helvetiae,1990,83:409-454.
[17]Erslev E A.Trishear fault propagation folding[J].Geology,1991,19:617-620.
[18]Hardy S,Poblet J.Geometric and numerical model of progressivelimb rotation in detachment folds[J].Geology,1994,22:371-374.
[19]Ford M,Williams E A,Artoni A,et al.Progressive evolution of afault-related fold pair from growth strata geometries,SantLlorenc de Morunys,SE Pyrenees.[J].Journal of Structural Ge-ology.1997,19:413-441.
[20]Allmendinger R W.Inverse and Forward numerical modeling oftrishear fault-propagation folds[J].Tectonics,1998,17:640-656.
[21]Hardy S,Finch E.Discrete element modeling of the influence ofcover strength on basement-involved fault-propagation folding[J].Tectonophysics,2006,415:225-238.
[22]Miller J F,Mitra S.Deformation and secondary faulting associat-ed with basement-involved compressional and extensional struc-tures[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95:675-689.
[23]陈汉林,程晓敢,杜治利,等.塔西南昆仑山前重点目标构造地质建模[R].库尔勒:中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院,2010.Chen Hanlin,Cheng Xiaogan,Du Zhili,et al.Geology modeling a-bout the key target structure in the front of Kunlun Mountainsof southwestern Tarim Basin[R].Korla:PetroChina Tarim Oil-field Company Exploration&Development Research Institute,2010.
[24]Shen Z,Wang M,Li Y,et al.Crustal deformation along the AltynTagh fault system,western China,from GPS[J].Journal of Geo-physical Research,2001,106:30607-30621.
[25]向奎.塔里木盆地西南边缘压扭构造体系及其石油地质意义[J].古地理学报,2006,8(2):233-240.Xiang Kui.Transpressional structural systems and their petrole-um geological significance in southwestern margin of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(2):233-240.
[26]Dewey J F,Holdsworth R E,Strachan R A.Transpression andtranstension zones[G]∥Holdsworth R E,Strachan R A,DeweyJ F.Continental transpressional and transtensional tectonics.Special Publication of the Geological Society 135,1998:1-14.
[27]魏国齐,贾承造.塔里木盆地逆冲带构造特征与油气[J].石油学报,1998,19(1):11-17.Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao.Structural characteristics and oil&gasof thrust belts in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1998,19(1):11-17.
[28]谢晓安,吴奇之,高岩,等.塔里木盆地压扭断裂带构造特征与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):13-17.Xie Xiao’an,Wu Qizhi,Gao Yan,et al.Hydrocarbon accumula-tion and structural characterstics of compresso-wrench fault beltsin Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(2):13-17.
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