塔北隆起英买2井区碳酸盐岩储层特征及岩溶模式
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摘要
中国海相碳酸盐岩储层具有鲜明的非均质性特征及复杂的形成机理。应用三维地震、岩心、成像测井、薄片等资料对英买2井区储层特征进行了研究,认为该区域储层并非典型的风化壳型岩溶储层,而属于断裂岩溶或断控岩溶储层,储集空间以方解石半充填或未充填的裂缝、小型溶蚀孔洞-裂缝为主,且分布受到断裂系统的强烈控制。结合构造活动背景以及包裹体盐度综合分析,认为该区断裂岩溶先后经历了地表水沿断裂向下溶蚀和深部热液沿断裂向上溶蚀2个阶段。前者以建设性作用为主,后者以破坏性作用为主。塔北地区油气勘探过程中,应突破以风化壳岩溶储层为主体的勘探思路,寻找多种类型的储层目标,其中断裂(控)岩溶储层可望成为该区域未来重要的勘探领域。
Marine carbonate reservoirs in China are of a distinctive heterogeneity and complex formation mechanism,which have been all along a focus concerned by oil and gas exploration of China.We examined reservoir characteristics of the Yingmai-2 well field by applying various data of 3D seismic attributes,cores,imaging loggings and thin sections.It was concluded that reservoirs in the Yingmai-2 well field are not typical weathering-crust karst but faulted or fault-controlled karst.The reservoir space includes mainly fractures unfilled or semi-filled with calcite,small corroded vugs and cracks,and its distribution is strongly controlled by faults.Based on comprehensive analyses of structural activity background and fluid inclusion salinity,we thought that faulted karst in the study area experienced successively two corroded processes,one is surface water corrosion downward along faults and the other is hydrothermal fluid corrosion upward along faults.The former is predominantly constructive to the formation of reservoirs,while the latter is mainly destructive.The study result showed that it is not enough to search only for weathering-crust karst reservoirs in oil and gas exploration of the Tabei area,thus,more attentions should be paid to other types of reservoirs,among which fault-controlled karst is very promising to be the next significant exploration target in this area.
Marine carbonate reservoirs in China are of a distinctive heterogeneity and complex formation mechanism,which have been all along a focus concerned by oil and gas exploration of China.We examined reservoir characteristics of the Yingmai-2 well field by applying various data of 3D seismic attributes,cores,imaging loggings and thin sections.It was concluded that reservoirs in the Yingmai-2 well field are not typical weathering-crust karst but faulted or fault-controlled karst.The reservoir space includes mainly fractures unfilled or semi-filled with calcite,small corroded vugs and cracks,and its distribution is strongly controlled by faults.Based on comprehensive analyses of structural activity background and fluid inclusion salinity,we thought that faulted karst in the study area experienced successively two corroded processes,one is surface water corrosion downward along faults and the other is hydrothermal fluid corrosion upward along faults.The former is predominantly constructive to the formation of reservoirs,while the latter is mainly destructive.The study result showed that it is not enough to search only for weathering-crust karst reservoirs in oil and gas exploration of the Tabei area,thus,more attentions should be paid to other types of reservoirs,among which fault-controlled karst is very promising to be the next significant exploration target in this area.
引文
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[9]韩剑发,王招明,潘文庆,等.轮南古隆起控油理论及其潜山准层状油气藏勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):448-453.Han Jianfa,Wang Zhaoming,Pan Wenqing,et al.Petroleum con-trolling theory of Lunnan paleohigh and its buried hill pool ex-ploration technology,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2006,33(4):448-453.
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[12]郑和荣,刘春燕,吴茂炳,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系颗粒石灰岩埋藏溶蚀作用[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):9-15.Zheng Herong,Liu Chunyan,Wu Maobing,et al.Burial dissolu-tion of Ordovician granule limestone in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2009,30(1):9-15.
[13]崔泽宏,王志欣,汤良杰.塔北隆起北部叠加断裂构造特征与成因背景分析[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):378-385.Cui Zehong,Wang Zhixin,Tang Liangjie.Characteristics of over-lapped faults in the north of the Tabei uplift and analysis of theirgenetic setting[J].Geology in China,2005,32(3):378-385.
[14]赵宗举.海相碳酸盐岩储集层类型、成藏模式及勘探思路[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):692-703.Zhao Zongju.Types,accumulation models and exploration con-cepts of marine carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2008,35(6):692-703.
[15]李忠,黄思静,刘嘉庆,等.塔里木盆地塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层埋藏成岩和构造-热流体作用及其有效性[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):969-974.Li Zhong,Huang Sijing,Liu Jiaqing,et al.Buried diagenesis,structurally controlled thermal-fluid process and their effect onOrdovician carbonate reservoirs in Tahe,Tarim Basin[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):969-974.
[16]潘文庆,刘永福,Dickson J A D,等.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩热液岩溶的特征及地质模型[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):983-997.Pan Wenqing,Liu Yongfu,Dickson J A D,et al.The geologicalmodel of hydrothermal activity in outcrop and the characteristicsof carbonate hydrothermal karst of Lower Paleozoic in Tarim Ba-sin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):983-997.
[17]黄思静,王春梅,黄培培,等.碳酸盐成岩作用的研究前沿和值得思考的问题[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(1):1-7.Huang Sijing,Wang Chunmei,Huang Peipei,et al.Scientific re-search frontiers and considerable questions of carbonate diagene-sis[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2008,35(1):1-7.
[18]Jones B,Luth R W.Temporal evolution of Tertiary dolostoneson Grand Cayman as determined by 87Sr/86Sr[J].Journal of Sed-imentary Research,2003,73(2):187-205.
[2]赵宗举,罗家洪,张运波,等.塔里木盆地寒武纪层序岩相古地理[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):937-942.Zhao Zongju,Luo Jiahong,Zhang Yunbo,et al.Lithofacies paleo-geography of Cambrian sequences in the Tarim Basin[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2011,32(6):937-942.
[3]何登发.不整合面的结构与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2):142-149.He Dengfa.Structure of unconformity and its control on hydro-carbon accumulation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Develop-ment,2007,34(2):142-149.
[4]袁圣强,贾承造,高日胜,等.塔中北斜坡中—下奥陶统碳酸盐岩沉积储层特征及地质模式[J].石油学报,2012,33(S1):80-86.Yuan Shengqiang,Jia Chengzao,Gao Risheng,et al.Sedimenta-tion characteristics and reservoir geological model of Mid-LowerOrdovician carbonate rock in Tazhong northern slope[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):80-86.
[5]吕修祥,周新源,李建交,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起碳酸盐岩油气成藏特点[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1057-1064.LüXiuxiang,Zhou Xinyuan,Li Jianjiao,et al.Hydrocarbon accu-mulation characteristics of the carbonate rock in the northern up-lift of the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(8):1057-1064.
[6]杨海军,韩剑发,孙崇浩,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶型储层发育模式与油气勘探[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):199-205.Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,Sun Chonghao,et al.A developmentmodel and petroleum exploration of karst reservoirs of Ordovi-cian Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of Tazhong palae-ouplift[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):199-205.
[7]武芳芳,朱光有,张水昌,等.塔里木盆地油气输导体系及对油气成藏的控制作用[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):332-339.Wu Fangfang,Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,et al.Types ofhydrocarbon migration pathways and its controlling effects onhydrocarbon distribution in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sini-ca,2009,30(3):332-339.
[8]何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):16-20.He Dengfa.Unconformities and oil and gas accumulation in Tar-im Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1995,16(3):16-20.
[9]韩剑发,王招明,潘文庆,等.轮南古隆起控油理论及其潜山准层状油气藏勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):448-453.Han Jianfa,Wang Zhaoming,Pan Wenqing,et al.Petroleum con-trolling theory of Lunnan paleohigh and its buried hill pool ex-ploration technology,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2006,33(4):448-453.
[10]刘静江,刘慧荣,谭琳,等.塔里木盆地轮南奥陶系古潜山油气成藏与分布[J].地质科学,2004,39(4):532-542.Liu Jingjiang,Liu Huirong,Tan Lin,et al.Reservoir characteristicsand distributions of the Ordovician buried hill reservoir in Lun-nan,Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(4):532-542.
[11]崔海峰,郑多明,李得滋.英买力地区碳酸盐岩内幕油气藏特征及勘探方向[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):196-241.Cui Haifeng,Zheng Duoming,Li Dezi.Reservoir characteristicsand exploration trend for carbonate inner reservoir in Yingmaliarea[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(1):196-241.
[12]郑和荣,刘春燕,吴茂炳,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系颗粒石灰岩埋藏溶蚀作用[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):9-15.Zheng Herong,Liu Chunyan,Wu Maobing,et al.Burial dissolu-tion of Ordovician granule limestone in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2009,30(1):9-15.
[13]崔泽宏,王志欣,汤良杰.塔北隆起北部叠加断裂构造特征与成因背景分析[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):378-385.Cui Zehong,Wang Zhixin,Tang Liangjie.Characteristics of over-lapped faults in the north of the Tabei uplift and analysis of theirgenetic setting[J].Geology in China,2005,32(3):378-385.
[14]赵宗举.海相碳酸盐岩储集层类型、成藏模式及勘探思路[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):692-703.Zhao Zongju.Types,accumulation models and exploration con-cepts of marine carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2008,35(6):692-703.
[15]李忠,黄思静,刘嘉庆,等.塔里木盆地塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层埋藏成岩和构造-热流体作用及其有效性[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):969-974.Li Zhong,Huang Sijing,Liu Jiaqing,et al.Buried diagenesis,structurally controlled thermal-fluid process and their effect onOrdovician carbonate reservoirs in Tahe,Tarim Basin[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):969-974.
[16]潘文庆,刘永福,Dickson J A D,等.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩热液岩溶的特征及地质模型[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):983-997.Pan Wenqing,Liu Yongfu,Dickson J A D,et al.The geologicalmodel of hydrothermal activity in outcrop and the characteristicsof carbonate hydrothermal karst of Lower Paleozoic in Tarim Ba-sin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):983-997.
[17]黄思静,王春梅,黄培培,等.碳酸盐成岩作用的研究前沿和值得思考的问题[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(1):1-7.Huang Sijing,Wang Chunmei,Huang Peipei,et al.Scientific re-search frontiers and considerable questions of carbonate diagene-sis[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2008,35(1):1-7.
[18]Jones B,Luth R W.Temporal evolution of Tertiary dolostoneson Grand Cayman as determined by 87Sr/86Sr[J].Journal of Sed-imentary Research,2003,73(2):187-205.
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