塔里木盆地库鲁克塔格志留纪海退沉积和构造背景
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摘要
塔里木盆地东北缘的库鲁克塔格断隆区志留系土什布拉克组顶部的河流沉积是本区古生界第一次出现的陆相地层,表明志留纪本区发生了大规模的海退事件,由滨--浅海转变为陆相冲积环境。向上变粗的沉积序列反映出盆地的快速充填。志留系顶部的大规模角度不整合、志留系由海相转变为陆相的充填特征、前陆隆起和火山弧造山带的物源区背景反映出盆地发育的挤压构造背景。隆升的库鲁克塔格北缘的前陆隆起和火山弧造山带成为库鲁克塔格志留纪盆地的物源区。该区志留纪的海退事件是在前陆隆升的背景下发生的。志留纪盆地是在震旦—奥陶纪裂谷盆地基础上发育的,这种前陆性质盆地的形成与南天山洋自东向西逐渐闭合和塔里木板块顺时针旋转有关;志留纪盆地的发育与消亡代表了塔里木盆地震旦纪—志留纪—泥盆纪的拉张--挤压成盆旋回的结束。
The fluvial sediments in the top of Silurian Tushibulake Formation was the first occurrence of Paleozoic continental strata,which suggested that there was a great sea regression happened during Silurian in Kuruktag of northeastern Tarim Basin,and the environment changed from shore-shallow marine to continental impact.The upward-coarsening sedimentary succession reflected the fast filling of Tarim Basin.The angular unconformity in a large area on the top of Silurian,the filling characteristics changed from marine to continental facies,the provenance background of foreland uplift and volcanic arc orogen revealed the compressional tectonic background of the basin.The uplifted northern margin of Kurugtag and the volcanic arc orogen were the provenances of the Silurian basin in Kurugtag.This Silurian regression in Kuruktag happened under the background of the basinward uplifting.The Silurian basin developed on the basis of Sinian-Ordovician basin,which related to the closing of Nantianshan Ocean from east to west and the clockwise rotation of Tarim Plate.The development and ending of the Silurian basin in this area represented the ending of a basin forming cycle from Sinian-Silurian-Devonian under the situations from extension to compression.
The fluvial sediments in the top of Silurian Tushibulake Formation was the first occurrence of Paleozoic continental strata,which suggested that there was a great sea regression happened during Silurian in Kuruktag of northeastern Tarim Basin,and the environment changed from shore-shallow marine to continental impact.The upward-coarsening sedimentary succession reflected the fast filling of Tarim Basin.The angular unconformity in a large area on the top of Silurian,the filling characteristics changed from marine to continental facies,the provenance background of foreland uplift and volcanic arc orogen revealed the compressional tectonic background of the basin.The uplifted northern margin of Kurugtag and the volcanic arc orogen were the provenances of the Silurian basin in Kurugtag.This Silurian regression in Kuruktag happened under the background of the basinward uplifting.The Silurian basin developed on the basis of Sinian-Ordovician basin,which related to the closing of Nantianshan Ocean from east to west and the clockwise rotation of Tarim Plate.The development and ending of the Silurian basin in this area represented the ending of a basin forming cycle from Sinian-Silurian-Devonian under the situations from extension to compression.
引文
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[3]汤良杰.略论塔里木古生代盆地演化[J].现代地质,1997,11(3):14-20.TANG Liang-jie.A discussion on Paleozoic tectonic evo-lution of Tarim Basin,northwest China[J].Geoscience,1997,11(3):14-20.
[4]张宇航,汤良杰,云露,等,塔里木盆地关键构造变革期不整合特征及其地质意义[J].世界地质,2012,31(2):206-314.ZHANG Yu-hang,TANG Liang-jie,YUN Lu,et al.Unconformity characteristics and geological significance in key tectonic revolution stage of Tarim Basin[J].Global Geology,2012,31(2):206-314.
[5]程日辉,王璞珺,孙晓猛,等,库鲁克塔格地区奥陶系层序地层与海平面变化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,37(3):283-293.CHENG Ri-hui,WANG Pu-jun,SUN Xiao-meng,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and sea level changes of Ordo-vician in Kuruktag,Xinjiang[J].Geotectonica et Met-allogenia,2006,37(3):283-293.
[6]于慧玲,陶碧娥,傅恒.塔河地区志留纪层序地层划分及沉积相分析[J].新疆地质,2008,26(3):279-283.YU Hui-ling,TAO Bi-e,FU Heng.The analysis of stra-tigraphy sequence and sedimentary facies of Silurian in Tahe,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2008,26(3):279-283.
[7]张翔,田景春,彭军.塔里木盆地志留—泥盆纪岩相古地理及时空演化特征研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(5):762-771.ZHANG Xiang,TIAN Jing-chun,PENG Jun.The litho-facies-paleogeography and space-time evolvement of Silu-rian-Devonian in the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimento-logica Sinica,2008,26(5):762-771.
[8]Dickinson W R,Suczek C Z.Plate tectonics and sand-stone composition[J].AAPG,1979,63:2164-2182.
[9]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:183,184.JIA Cheng-zao.Structural characteristics and its relation with hydrocarbon of Tarim Basin,China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:183,184.
[10]张同钢,储雪蕾,郭建平,等.从岩石组合特征分析库—满坳拉谷的发育史[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2003,23(3):81-86.ZHANG Tong-gang,CHU Xue-lei,GUO Jian-ping,et al.The development of the Kuruktag-Manjiar aulacogen in northeastern Tarim plate based on representative litho-facies sequence analysis[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2003,23(3):81-86.
[11]楼雄英,许效松.塔里木盆地早古生代晚期构造-沉积响应[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2004,24(3):72-79.LOU Xiong-ying,XU Xiao-song.Tectonic-sedimentary responses of the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang during the late Early Palaeozoic[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2004,24(3):72-79.
[12]李永安,李强,张慧,等.塔里木及其周边古地磁研究与盆地形成演化[J].新疆地质,1995,13(4):293-377.LI Yong-an,LI Qiang,ZHANG Hui,et al.Palaeo-magnetic study of Tarim and its adjacent area as well as the formation and evolution of Tarim Basin[J].Xin-jiang Geology,1995,13(4):293-377.
[13]刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,等.天山两侧前陆冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化[J].地球科学,1994,19(6):727-741.LIU He-fu,LIANG Hui-she,CAI Li-guo,et al.Evo-lution and structural style of Tianshan and adjacent ba-sins,northwestern China[J].Earth Science,1994,19(6):727-741.
[14]方国庆.东天山古生代板块构造特点及其演化模式[J].甘肃地质学报,1994,3(1):34-40.FANG Guo-qing.Paleozoic plate tectonics of eastern Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Geo-logica Gansu,1994,3(1):34-40.
[15]张子敏,马汉峰,蔡根庆.库米什盆地地质构造演化主要特征[J].世界核地质科学,2003,20(4):187-193.ZHANG Zi-min,MA Han-feng,CAI Gen-qing.Main characteristics of tectonic evolution,Kumux Basin,China[J].World Nuclear Geoscience,2003,20(4):187-193.
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[17]方小敏,张翔,戴雷,等.塔里木—中朝板块北缘的志留纪岛弧公婆泉群火山岩地质地球化学及构造意义[J].兰州大学学报,2003,39(4):80-87.FANG Xiao-min,ZHANG Xiang,DAI Lei,et al.Is-land arc north of the Tarim-SK plate:the geology and geochemistry of Gongpoquan Group[J].Journal of Lanzhou University,2003,39(4):80-87.
[18]张振生.塔中低凸起的形成和演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):28-31.ZHANG Zhen-sheng.Generation and evolution of Tazhong low uplift[J].Petroleum Exploration and De-velopment,2002,29(1):28-31.
[19]王鸿祯,刘本培.地史学教程[M].北京:地质出版社,1980:140-155.WANG Hong-zhen,LIU Ben-pei.Historical geology[J].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1980:140-155.
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