塔河油田12区海西早期岩溶作用
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摘要
通过沉积学、地震学、地球化学等研究表明,塔河油田12区发育了海西早期岩溶作用,表现为中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩与下石炭统巴楚组不整合接触、溶塌角砾岩与暗河沉积的存在以及溶洞充填物Sr/Ba值存在的差异特征等识别标志,该期岩溶地貌可划分为岩溶高地、岩溶Ⅰ及Ⅱ级斜坡和岩溶盆地4类地貌单元,研究区主要处于岩溶Ⅱ级斜坡区。由于海西早期运动具有脉动式抬升的特点,因而发育了3套岩溶旋回,研究区主要发育第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ套洞穴层;该期岩溶平面上发育在上奥陶统桑塔木组尖灭线以北的地区,纵向上发育在中下奥陶统质地较纯的碳酸盐岩中,古地貌和断裂对该期岩溶具有根本的控制作用,同时岩溶作用所形成的裂缝和溶蚀孔洞是影响储层储渗性能的关键;最后综合上述成果建立了海西早期岩溶发育模式,并将其发展进程划分为快速抬升剥蚀阶段、三幕抬升岩溶发育阶段及下降改造阶段。
It has been investigated in this paper that karst occurred in Block 12 of Tahe Oilfield during early Hercynian stage where unconformity interface exists between lower Ordovician carbonate and lower Carbonic Bachu Formation bearing identification features including an existance of collapsed breccias and subsurface stream,differential properties of Sr/Ba ratio filled in caves,which was obtained through the latest research on sedimentology,seismology,geochemistry.The karst paleotopography can be divided into four units: karst highland,Ⅰ-and Ⅱ-karst slope,karst basin,according to which the study area grew in Ⅱ-karst slope.As for the characteristics of pulse-type uplift in early Hercynian stage,three karst cycles occur in the investigation region,where Ⅱ-and Ⅲ-cave stratigraphy grew chiefly.The karst zone predominately covers beyond the pinch-out line of upper Ordovician Sangtamu Formation to the north in plane surface,while it occurs in pure carbonate of mid-lower Ordovician vertically.Karst within this stage was not only controlled by paleotopography and fracture essentially but was the key to the fracture and corrosive caves formation affecting reservoir capability of accumulation and permeability.Finally,an engendering model during early Hercynian stage can be established which can be divided into three phases in terms of developing process: rapidly uplifting and eroding phase,three scene uplifting phase and declining phase.
It has been investigated in this paper that karst occurred in Block 12 of Tahe Oilfield during early Hercynian stage where unconformity interface exists between lower Ordovician carbonate and lower Carbonic Bachu Formation bearing identification features including an existance of collapsed breccias and subsurface stream,differential properties of Sr/Ba ratio filled in caves,which was obtained through the latest research on sedimentology,seismology,geochemistry.The karst paleotopography can be divided into four units: karst highland,Ⅰ-and Ⅱ-karst slope,karst basin,according to which the study area grew in Ⅱ-karst slope.As for the characteristics of pulse-type uplift in early Hercynian stage,three karst cycles occur in the investigation region,where Ⅱ-and Ⅲ-cave stratigraphy grew chiefly.The karst zone predominately covers beyond the pinch-out line of upper Ordovician Sangtamu Formation to the north in plane surface,while it occurs in pure carbonate of mid-lower Ordovician vertically.Karst within this stage was not only controlled by paleotopography and fracture essentially but was the key to the fracture and corrosive caves formation affecting reservoir capability of accumulation and permeability.Finally,an engendering model during early Hercynian stage can be established which can be divided into three phases in terms of developing process: rapidly uplifting and eroding phase,three scene uplifting phase and declining phase.
引文
[1]袁道先.中国岩溶学[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.
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[3]Loucks R G.Paleocave carbonate reservoirs:Origins,burial-depth modifications,spatial complexity,and reservoir implica-tion[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(11):1795-1834.
[4]Loucks R G.Origin and attributes of paleocave carbonate res-ervoirs(in Karst modeling;proceedings of the symposium)[J].Karst Waters Institute Special Publication,1999,5:59-64.
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[10]戴弹申,王兰生.四川盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统形成条件[J].海相油气地质,2000,2(1/2):89-97.
[11]王兴志,黄继祥,侯方浩,等.四川资阳及邻区灯影组古岩溶特征与储集空间[J].矿物岩石,1996,26(2):47-56.
[12]贾振远,蔡忠贤,肖玉茹.古风化壳是碳酸盐岩一个重要的储集层(体)类型[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1995,20(3):283-289.
[13]张抗.塔河油田性质和塔里木碳酸盐岩油气勘探方向[J].石油学报,2001,22(4):1-6.
[14]陈洪德,张锦泉,叶德胜,等.新疆塔里木盆地北部古岩溶储集体特征及控油作用[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994:27-77.
[15]林忠民.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及成藏条件[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):23-26.
[16]林忠民.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系大型油气藏形成条件[J].地质论评,2002,48(4):372-376.
[17]肖玉茹,何峰煜,孙义梅,等.古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征研究:以塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(1):75-80.
[18]张抗.塔河油田的发现及其地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):120-124.
[19]张达景,吕海涛,张涛,等.塔河油田加里东期岩溶储层特征及分布预测[J].沉积学报,2007,25(2):214-222.
[20]李会军,丁勇,周新桂,等.塔河油田奥陶系海西早期、加里东中期岩溶对比研究[J].地质论评,2010,56(3):413-424.
[21]吕海涛,张达景,杨迎春.塔河油田奥陶系油藏古岩溶表生作用期次划分[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(6):71-75.
[22]鲁新便,蔡忠贤.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏古溶洞系统与油气开发:以塔河碳酸盐岩溶洞型油藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):22-27.
[23]漆立新,云露.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):1-12.
[24]严威,王兴志,张廷山,等.塔河油田加里东中期第Ⅲ幕岩溶作用研究[J].石油学报,2011,32(3):411-416.
[25]俞仁连,傅恒.构造运动对塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩的影响[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(2):1-5.
[26]邓胜徽,黄智斌,景秀春,等,塔里木盆地西部奥陶系内部不整合[J].地质论评,2008,54(6):741-747.
[27]闫相宾,李铁军,张涛,等.塔中与塔河地区奥陶系岩溶储层形成条件的差异[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(2):202-207.
[28]陈学时,易万霞,卢文忠.中国油气田古岩溶与油气储层[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):245-247.
[29]康玉柱.塔里木盆地古生代海相碳酸盐岩储集岩特征[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(3):217-223.
[30]肖玉茹,工敦则,沈杉平.新疆塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征及其受控因素[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):92-98.
[2]Roehl P O.Stony Mountain(Ordovician)and Interlake(Siluri-an)facies analogs of recent lowenergy marine and subaerialcarbonates[M].Bahamas:AAPG,10,1967:1979-2032.
[3]Loucks R G.Paleocave carbonate reservoirs:Origins,burial-depth modifications,spatial complexity,and reservoir implica-tion[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(11):1795-1834.
[4]Loucks R G.Origin and attributes of paleocave carbonate res-ervoirs(in Karst modeling;proceedings of the symposium)[J].Karst Waters Institute Special Publication,1999,5:59-64.
[5]Mcmechan G A,Zeng X,Loucks R G,et al.Ground pene-trating radar imaging of a collapsed palaeocave system in theellenburger dolomite,central Texas[J].Journal of AppliedGeophysics,1998,39(1):1-10.
[6]Handford C R.Prediction of paleocave of reservoirs through seis-mic modeling of analogs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(8):1220.
[7]Handford C R.Stratigraphic geometry of cavern collapse andseismic modeling:A predictive tool for exploration.AnnualAAPG-SEPM-EMD-DPA-DEG CONV(HOUSTON,3/5-8/95)PAP Abstract,1995:38.
[8]Hammes U,Lucia F J,Kerans C.Reservoir heterogeneity inkarst-related reservoirs:Lower Ordovician Ellenberger Group,Precambrian-Devonian geology of the Franklin Mountains,WestTexas,Analogs for exploration and production in Ordovician andSilurian karst reservoirs in the Permian Basin.Annual West TexasGeology Society Field Trip(MIDLAND,TX,1996)
[9]金振奎,邹元荣,蒋春雷,等.大港探区奥陶系岩溶储层发育分布控制因素[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):530-535.
[10]戴弹申,王兰生.四川盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统形成条件[J].海相油气地质,2000,2(1/2):89-97.
[11]王兴志,黄继祥,侯方浩,等.四川资阳及邻区灯影组古岩溶特征与储集空间[J].矿物岩石,1996,26(2):47-56.
[12]贾振远,蔡忠贤,肖玉茹.古风化壳是碳酸盐岩一个重要的储集层(体)类型[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1995,20(3):283-289.
[13]张抗.塔河油田性质和塔里木碳酸盐岩油气勘探方向[J].石油学报,2001,22(4):1-6.
[14]陈洪德,张锦泉,叶德胜,等.新疆塔里木盆地北部古岩溶储集体特征及控油作用[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994:27-77.
[15]林忠民.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及成藏条件[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):23-26.
[16]林忠民.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系大型油气藏形成条件[J].地质论评,2002,48(4):372-376.
[17]肖玉茹,何峰煜,孙义梅,等.古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征研究:以塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(1):75-80.
[18]张抗.塔河油田的发现及其地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):120-124.
[19]张达景,吕海涛,张涛,等.塔河油田加里东期岩溶储层特征及分布预测[J].沉积学报,2007,25(2):214-222.
[20]李会军,丁勇,周新桂,等.塔河油田奥陶系海西早期、加里东中期岩溶对比研究[J].地质论评,2010,56(3):413-424.
[21]吕海涛,张达景,杨迎春.塔河油田奥陶系油藏古岩溶表生作用期次划分[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(6):71-75.
[22]鲁新便,蔡忠贤.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏古溶洞系统与油气开发:以塔河碳酸盐岩溶洞型油藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):22-27.
[23]漆立新,云露.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):1-12.
[24]严威,王兴志,张廷山,等.塔河油田加里东中期第Ⅲ幕岩溶作用研究[J].石油学报,2011,32(3):411-416.
[25]俞仁连,傅恒.构造运动对塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩的影响[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(2):1-5.
[26]邓胜徽,黄智斌,景秀春,等,塔里木盆地西部奥陶系内部不整合[J].地质论评,2008,54(6):741-747.
[27]闫相宾,李铁军,张涛,等.塔中与塔河地区奥陶系岩溶储层形成条件的差异[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(2):202-207.
[28]陈学时,易万霞,卢文忠.中国油气田古岩溶与油气储层[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):245-247.
[29]康玉柱.塔里木盆地古生代海相碳酸盐岩储集岩特征[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(3):217-223.
[30]肖玉茹,工敦则,沈杉平.新疆塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征及其受控因素[J].现代地质,2003,17(1):92-98.
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