克拉苏构造带克深段构造特征及其石油地质意义
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摘要
克拉苏构造带克深构造段已发现了KL2、KS2、KS1等多个含油气构造,由于该段位于前陆冲断带,构造变形复杂,构造模型争论较大。在前人认识的基础上,结合地表露头、钻井资料,对克深构造段三维地震资料进行T—Q全层位解释,重新建立了该构造段构造解释模型并对该段石油地质特征进行研究。研究结果表明:克深构造段具有垂向分层、南北分带的变形特征,垂向上可分为盐上构造层、盐岩层、盐下构造层与基底构造层4层结构。该区域主要发育逆冲断层及相关褶皱、盐收缩构造及走滑构造3种构造样式,其中盐下构造层构造样式自北向南逐渐由高角度基底卷入构造样式转变为盖层滑脱构造样式。克深构造段现今构造主要形成于新生代中晚期,经历了二叠纪晚期—三叠纪前陆盆地、侏罗纪—白垩纪坳陷盆地、古近纪—中新世弱收缩挠曲盆地及上新世—第四纪陆内前陆盆地4个演化阶段。勘探实践表明,该区带具有好盖层、厚储层、大构造、强冲注、晚成藏等有利条件,是库车山前天然气勘探的重要目标。
A number of oil and gas structures were found in Keshen structural segmentation of Kelasu structural belt, such as KL2, KS2 and KS1. The structural model is under argument because this segmentation is located in the foreland thrust belt with complicated structural deformations. Based on the previous understanding and with the help of surface outcrop and drilling data, a T-Q full level interpretation was made on 3D data of Keshen segmentation. The structural interpretation model of this structural segmentation was re-established to study the petroleum geological characteristics of this segmentation. The research results indicated that deformation characteristic of Keshen structural segmentation is vertically layered and south-north division of belts. It is vertically divided into four structural layers - suprasalt layer, salt layer, subsalt layer and basement layer. There are three main structural patterns developed in this area, such as thrust fault with the related folds, salt contractive structure and strike-slip structure. Of those, the structural pattern of subsalt layer is gradually turned into cap decollement structural pattern from high-angle basement curled structural pattern from the north to the south. The present-day structure of Keshen segmentation was shaped mainly in the middle and late periods of Cenozoic era and experienced four development stages, such as Late Permian-Triassic foreland basin, Jurassic-Cretaceous sag basin, Paleocene-Miocene weak contractive flexure basin and Pliocene-Quaternary intra-continental foreland basin. The practice of exploration showed that this area, with favorable conditions of good cap-rock, thick reservoir, large structure, strong injection and late accumulations, was the important target for foothill natural gas exploration in Kuqa Depression.
A number of oil and gas structures were found in Keshen structural segmentation of Kelasu structural belt, such as KL2, KS2 and KS1. The structural model is under argument because this segmentation is located in the foreland thrust belt with complicated structural deformations. Based on the previous understanding and with the help of surface outcrop and drilling data, a T-Q full level interpretation was made on 3D data of Keshen segmentation. The structural interpretation model of this structural segmentation was re-established to study the petroleum geological characteristics of this segmentation. The research results indicated that deformation characteristic of Keshen structural segmentation is vertically layered and south-north division of belts. It is vertically divided into four structural layers - suprasalt layer, salt layer, subsalt layer and basement layer. There are three main structural patterns developed in this area, such as thrust fault with the related folds, salt contractive structure and strike-slip structure. Of those, the structural pattern of subsalt layer is gradually turned into cap decollement structural pattern from high-angle basement curled structural pattern from the north to the south. The present-day structure of Keshen segmentation was shaped mainly in the middle and late periods of Cenozoic era and experienced four development stages, such as Late Permian-Triassic foreland basin, Jurassic-Cretaceous sag basin, Paleocene-Miocene weak contractive flexure basin and Pliocene-Quaternary intra-continental foreland basin. The practice of exploration showed that this area, with favorable conditions of good cap-rock, thick reservoir, large structure, strong injection and late accumulations, was the important target for foothill natural gas exploration in Kuqa Depression.
引文
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[2]徐振平,李勇,马玉杰,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中部构造单元划分新方案与天然气勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2011,31(3):31～36.
[3]卢华复,贾承造,贾东,等.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征[J].高校地质学报.2001,7(3):257～271.
[4]何登发,贾承造.冲断构造与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):55～62.
[5]汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,等.塔里木盆地多期盐构造与油气聚集[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2004,34(增刊):89～97.
[6]管树魏,陈竹新,李本亮,等.再论库车克拉苏深部构造的性质与解释模型[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):531～535.
[7]刘剑平,汪新文.伸展地区变换构造研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(3):27～32.
[8]梁顺军,肖宇,刁永波,等.库车坳陷山地复杂构造速度场研究及其应用效果[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(4):59～64.
[9]张玮,漆家福,雷刚林,等.塔西南拗陷甫沙构造带结构模型及形成机制[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(1):42～48.
[10]梁顺军,肖宇.库车坳陷西秋构造带盐下低幅度构造圈闭研究及勘探思路[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(1):19～24.
[11]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性[J].科学通报.2002,47(增刊):1～8.
[12]贾承造等.塔里木盆地石油地质与勘探丛书(卷一)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:136～137.
[13]付广,康德江,付晓飞.库车坳陷下第三系膏泥岩盖层及其对天然气的封盖作用[J].新疆石油天然气,2005,1(1):6～11.
[14]万桂梅,汤良杰,金文正,等.库车坳陷西部构造圈闭形成期与烃源岩生烃期匹配关系探讨[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):187～196.
[15]王招明,何爱东.塔北隆起中西部油气富集因素与勘探领域[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):153～156.
[16]钟大康,朱筱敏.克拉2气田储层特征及优质储层形成机理[J].天然气工业,2007,27(1):8～11.
[17]赵力彬,石石,肖香姣,等.库车坳陷克深2气藏裂缝—孔隙型砂岩储层地质建模方法[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10):10～13.
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