莺歌海盆地地层压力演化特征及其与天然气运聚成藏的关系
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摘要
钻井资料显示莺歌海盆地现今存在超压,纵向上由浅至深可划分为常压带、过渡带和超压带。利用测井声波时差和地震速度资料,按等效深度法计算了莺歌海盆地大量排气期(1.9 Ma)和现今超压值,并恢复了单井超压的演化。结果表明,地层超压平面上是以乐东区为中心向北向东递减的,临高隆起带和莺东斜坡带大部分为常压,单井上超压演化是逐渐增大的。这一结果与不同地区地质历史上沉降中心和沉积环境密切相关。莺歌海盆地超压的存在使天然气在剩余压力的作用下垂向运移。天然气藏均分布在乐东和东方地区黄流组项底压差大、莺歌海组盖层超压封闭能力强的地区。靠近底辟区、且同时满足上述2个条件的储层更有利于天然气成藏。
Drilling data show that there is overpressure in the Yinggehai basin now.Vertically,from the shallow to the deep,the pressure zones can be divided into normal pressure zone,transitional zone and overpressure zone.Data of both acoustic travel time of well logging and seismic velocity have been used to determine the distribution of overpressure on the period of the most gas discharge(1.9 Ma ago)and at present with the method of compaction equilibrium,and to restore the pressure evolution of the wells in the Yinggehai basin.The result shows that,laterally,Ledong area has the biggest overpressure which decreases both from south to north and from west to east,but in Lingao uplift and Yinggehai eastern slope,most places are in normal pressure zone.In each well,the overpressure increases with time.This result is closely related to the centre of subsidence and different zone' s sedimentary environment.Because overpressure exists in the Yinggehai basin,gas migrates vertically under the influence of overpressure.Natural gas pools are distributed in Ledong area and Dongfang area where Huangliu Formation's roofs and floors have large pressure differences and Yinggehai Formation's cap rocks have big sealing ability of overpressure.The reservoirs which satisfy the above two conditions and near diapirs arc favorable for the accumulation of natural gas.
Drilling data show that there is overpressure in the Yinggehai basin now.Vertically,from the shallow to the deep,the pressure zones can be divided into normal pressure zone,transitional zone and overpressure zone.Data of both acoustic travel time of well logging and seismic velocity have been used to determine the distribution of overpressure on the period of the most gas discharge(1.9 Ma ago)and at present with the method of compaction equilibrium,and to restore the pressure evolution of the wells in the Yinggehai basin.The result shows that,laterally,Ledong area has the biggest overpressure which decreases both from south to north and from west to east,but in Lingao uplift and Yinggehai eastern slope,most places are in normal pressure zone.In each well,the overpressure increases with time.This result is closely related to the centre of subsidence and different zone' s sedimentary environment.Because overpressure exists in the Yinggehai basin,gas migrates vertically under the influence of overpressure.Natural gas pools are distributed in Ledong area and Dongfang area where Huangliu Formation's roofs and floors have large pressure differences and Yinggehai Formation's cap rocks have big sealing ability of overpressure.The reservoirs which satisfy the above two conditions and near diapirs arc favorable for the accumulation of natural gas.
引文
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[2]张启明,董伟良.中国含油气盆地中的超压体系[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):1-10.Zhang Qiming,Dong Weiliang.Overpressure System of Hydrocarbon-Bearing Basins in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(6):1-10.
[3]雷振宇,解习农,黄卫,等.松辽盆地齐家古龙凹陷—三肇凹陷中浅层异常压力系统特征[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(增刊1):96-104.Lei Zhenyu,Xie Xinong,Huang Wei,et al.Abnormal Pressure System Characteristics of Mid-Shallow Formation in Qijiagulong-Sanzhao Depression of Songliao Basin,China[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2012,42(Sup.1):96-104.
[4]张启明,刘福宁,杨计海.莺歌海盆地超压体系与油气聚集[J].中国海上油气:地质,1996,10(2):65-75.Zhang Qiming,Liu Funing,Yang Jihai.Overpressure System and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Yinggehai Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas:Geology,1996,10(2):65-75.
[5]Seharer U,Zhang L,Tapponnier P.Duration of Strike-Slip Movements in Large Shear Zones:The Red River Belt,China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1994,126(4):379-397.
[6]张连生,钟大赉.从红河剪切带走滑运动看东亚大陆新生代构造[J].地质科学,1996,31(4):327-341.Zhang Liansheng,Zhong Dalai.The Red River Strike-Slip Zone and Cenozoic Tectonics of East Asia Continent[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1996,31(4):327-341.
[7]Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.The Ailao Shan-Red River Shear Zone(Yunnan,China),Tertiary Transform Boundary of Indochina[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251(1/2/3/4/):13-84.
[8]Allen C R,Gillespie A R,Han Y,et al.Red River and Associated Faults,Yunnan Province,China:Quaternary Geology,Slip Rates and Seismic Hazard[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(6):686-700.
[9]殷秀兰,李思田,马寅生,等.莺歌海盆地晚第三纪构造特征的三维泥料模拟实验及其动力学意义[J].地质论评,2001,47(5):535-541.Yin Xiulan,Li Sitian,Ma Yinsheng,et al.Three-Dimensional Tectonic Modelling of the Yinggehai Basin in the Late Tertiary and Its Geodynamic Significance[J].Geological Review,2001,47(5):535-541.
[10]孙珍,钟志洪,周蒂.莺歌海盆地构造演化与强烈沉降机制的分析和模拟[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2007,32(3):347-356.Sun Zhen,Zhong Zhihong,Zhou Di.The Analysis and Analogue Modeling of the Tectonic Evolution and Strong Subsidence in the Yinggehai Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2007,32(3):347-356.
[11]黄保家,肖贤明,董伟良.莺歌海盆地烃源岩特征及天然气生成演化模式[J].天然气工业,2002,22(1):26-30.Huang Baojia,Xiao Xianming,Dong Weiliang.Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Source Rocks and Generation&Evolution Model of Natural Gas in Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2002,22(l):26-30.
[12]朱芳冰,田世澄.莺歌海盆地泥岩压实特征与油气初次运移[J].中国海上油气:地质,1998,12(5):306-311.Zhu Fangbing,Tian Shicheng.Mudstone Compaction and Primary Migration of Oil and Gas in Yinggehai Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas:Geology,1998,12(5):306-311.
[13]裴健翔,于俊峰,王立锋,等.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气勘探的关键问题及对策[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):573-579.Pei Jianxiang,Yu Junfeng,Wang Lifeng,et al.Key Challenges and Strategies for the Success of Natural Gas Exploration in Mid-Deep Strata of the Yinggehai Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):573-579.
[14]Fillippone W R.On the Prediction of Abnormally Pressured Sedimentary Rocks from Seismic Data[C]//1979 Offshore Technology Conference.Houston:Offshore Technology Conference,1979:2667-2676.
[15]Flilipone W R.Estimation of Formation Parameters and the Prediction of Overpressures from Seismic Data[C]//1982 SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1982.
[16]Eaton B A.Graphical Method Predicts Geopressures WorIdwide[J].World Oil,1976,183(1):51-56.
[17]Eaton B A.The Equation for Geopressure Prediction from Well Logs[C]//Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME.Dallas:Society of Petroleum Engineers,1975:753-760.
[18]Bellotti P,Giqcca D.Seismic Data Can Detect Overpressures in Deep Drilling[J].The Oil and Gas Journal,1978,76:46-52.
[19]付广,张发强.利用声波时差资料研究欠压实泥岩盖层古压力封闭能力的方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):812-818.Fu Guang,Zhang Faqiang,A Method for Analyzing the Palaeo-Pressure Sealing Ability of Poorly Compacted Shale Barrier with the Use of Acoustic Logging Data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(6):812-818.
[20]孙明亮,柳广弟,李剑.超压盆地内剩余压力梯度与天然气成藏的关系[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(3):19-29.Sun Mingliang,Liu Guangdi,Li Jian.Relationship Between Excess-Pressure Gradient and Gas Accumulation in Overpressured Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2008,32(3):19-29.
[21]郝石生,张振英.天然气在地层水中的溶解度变化特征及地质意义[J].石油学报,1993,14(2):12-22.Hao Shisheng,Zhang Zhenying.The Characteristic of the Solubility of Natural Gas in Formation Waters and It's Geological Significance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1993,14(2):12-22.
[22]郝芳,董伟良,邹华耀,等.莺歌海盆地汇聚型超压流体流动及天然气晚期快速成藏[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):7-12.Hao Fang,Dong Weiliang,Zou Huayao,et al.Overpressure Fluid Flow and Rapid Accumulation of Natural Gas in Yinggehai Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(6);7-12.
[1]陈希仁,冼仲猷.莺歌海盆地的基本石油地质条件.湛江:中海石油湛江分公司勘探开发研究院,1999.
[2]张启明,董伟良.中国含油气盆地中的超压体系[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):1-10.Zhang Qiming,Dong Weiliang.Overpressure System of Hydrocarbon-Bearing Basins in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(6):1-10.
[3]雷振宇,解习农,黄卫,等.松辽盆地齐家古龙凹陷—三肇凹陷中浅层异常压力系统特征[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(增刊1):96-104.Lei Zhenyu,Xie Xinong,Huang Wei,et al.Abnormal Pressure System Characteristics of Mid-Shallow Formation in Qijiagulong-Sanzhao Depression of Songliao Basin,China[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2012,42(Sup.1):96-104.
[4]张启明,刘福宁,杨计海.莺歌海盆地超压体系与油气聚集[J].中国海上油气:地质,1996,10(2):65-75.Zhang Qiming,Liu Funing,Yang Jihai.Overpressure System and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Yinggehai Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas:Geology,1996,10(2):65-75.
[5]Seharer U,Zhang L,Tapponnier P.Duration of Strike-Slip Movements in Large Shear Zones:The Red River Belt,China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1994,126(4):379-397.
[6]张连生,钟大赉.从红河剪切带走滑运动看东亚大陆新生代构造[J].地质科学,1996,31(4):327-341.Zhang Liansheng,Zhong Dalai.The Red River Strike-Slip Zone and Cenozoic Tectonics of East Asia Continent[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1996,31(4):327-341.
[7]Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.The Ailao Shan-Red River Shear Zone(Yunnan,China),Tertiary Transform Boundary of Indochina[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251(1/2/3/4/):13-84.
[8]Allen C R,Gillespie A R,Han Y,et al.Red River and Associated Faults,Yunnan Province,China:Quaternary Geology,Slip Rates and Seismic Hazard[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(6):686-700.
[9]殷秀兰,李思田,马寅生,等.莺歌海盆地晚第三纪构造特征的三维泥料模拟实验及其动力学意义[J].地质论评,2001,47(5):535-541.Yin Xiulan,Li Sitian,Ma Yinsheng,et al.Three-Dimensional Tectonic Modelling of the Yinggehai Basin in the Late Tertiary and Its Geodynamic Significance[J].Geological Review,2001,47(5):535-541.
[10]孙珍,钟志洪,周蒂.莺歌海盆地构造演化与强烈沉降机制的分析和模拟[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2007,32(3):347-356.Sun Zhen,Zhong Zhihong,Zhou Di.The Analysis and Analogue Modeling of the Tectonic Evolution and Strong Subsidence in the Yinggehai Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2007,32(3):347-356.
[11]黄保家,肖贤明,董伟良.莺歌海盆地烃源岩特征及天然气生成演化模式[J].天然气工业,2002,22(1):26-30.Huang Baojia,Xiao Xianming,Dong Weiliang.Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Source Rocks and Generation&Evolution Model of Natural Gas in Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2002,22(l):26-30.
[12]朱芳冰,田世澄.莺歌海盆地泥岩压实特征与油气初次运移[J].中国海上油气:地质,1998,12(5):306-311.Zhu Fangbing,Tian Shicheng.Mudstone Compaction and Primary Migration of Oil and Gas in Yinggehai Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas:Geology,1998,12(5):306-311.
[13]裴健翔,于俊峰,王立锋,等.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气勘探的关键问题及对策[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):573-579.Pei Jianxiang,Yu Junfeng,Wang Lifeng,et al.Key Challenges and Strategies for the Success of Natural Gas Exploration in Mid-Deep Strata of the Yinggehai Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):573-579.
[14]Fillippone W R.On the Prediction of Abnormally Pressured Sedimentary Rocks from Seismic Data[C]//1979 Offshore Technology Conference.Houston:Offshore Technology Conference,1979:2667-2676.
[15]Flilipone W R.Estimation of Formation Parameters and the Prediction of Overpressures from Seismic Data[C]//1982 SEG Annual Meeting.Dallas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1982.
[16]Eaton B A.Graphical Method Predicts Geopressures WorIdwide[J].World Oil,1976,183(1):51-56.
[17]Eaton B A.The Equation for Geopressure Prediction from Well Logs[C]//Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME.Dallas:Society of Petroleum Engineers,1975:753-760.
[18]Bellotti P,Giqcca D.Seismic Data Can Detect Overpressures in Deep Drilling[J].The Oil and Gas Journal,1978,76:46-52.
[19]付广,张发强.利用声波时差资料研究欠压实泥岩盖层古压力封闭能力的方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):812-818.Fu Guang,Zhang Faqiang,A Method for Analyzing the Palaeo-Pressure Sealing Ability of Poorly Compacted Shale Barrier with the Use of Acoustic Logging Data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(6):812-818.
[20]孙明亮,柳广弟,李剑.超压盆地内剩余压力梯度与天然气成藏的关系[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(3):19-29.Sun Mingliang,Liu Guangdi,Li Jian.Relationship Between Excess-Pressure Gradient and Gas Accumulation in Overpressured Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2008,32(3):19-29.
[21]郝石生,张振英.天然气在地层水中的溶解度变化特征及地质意义[J].石油学报,1993,14(2):12-22.Hao Shisheng,Zhang Zhenying.The Characteristic of the Solubility of Natural Gas in Formation Waters and It's Geological Significance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1993,14(2):12-22.
[22]郝芳,董伟良,邹华耀,等.莺歌海盆地汇聚型超压流体流动及天然气晚期快速成藏[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):7-12.Hao Fang,Dong Weiliang,Zou Huayao,et al.Overpressure Fluid Flow and Rapid Accumulation of Natural Gas in Yinggehai Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(6);7-12.
[1]陈希仁,冼仲猷.莺歌海盆地的基本石油地质条件.湛江:中海石油湛江分公司勘探开发研究院,1999.
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