准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠纪古构造对层序地层建造及沉积体系的控制
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摘要
准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系是一套前陆盆地构造沉积组合。利用该区二叠系丰富的钻井、岩心和三维地震资料,按照构造层序分析的方法对该区二叠系层序地层和古构造对层序建造和沉积体系的控制作用进行了研究。研究表明,二叠系前陆盆地对应1个一级层序、4个与构造幕对应的超层序(二级层序),超层序Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ可识别出10个三级层序。二叠系前陆盆地的古构造格局不但控制了层序地层建造,而且控制了沉积体系和储层在平面上的展布。超层序Ⅱ盆地幕式逆冲挠曲沉降构造作用强烈,发育同沉积逆冲断裂挠曲坡折背景层序。湖扩展体系域发育的扇三角洲前缘砂体和碳酸盐岩(白云岩)储层物性良好,其分布受同沉积逆冲挠曲坡折及水下低隆起控制。超层序Ⅲ,Ⅳ盆地逆冲挠曲沉降构造作用减弱或停止,发育逆断裂坡折、隐伏断裂挠曲坡折背景及缓坡背景层序。逆断裂坡折、隐伏断裂坡折背景层序坡折向湖一侧低位域和湖扩展体系域辫状河道和三角洲前缘砂体是良好储层,其分布受逆断裂坡折和隐伏断裂坡折的控制。由于这些储层就分布在烃源岩内或有断裂与源岩沟通,成藏条件良好,是油气勘探的有利区带。
Permian system of Northwestern Junggar basin is a structural and depositional assemblage of foreland basin.Based on well logs,cores,and 3Dseismic data,and in the light of principle of analysis of tectonic sequence,this paper investigated depositional sequences and controls of paleostructure on stratal architecture of sequences and sedimentary systems deposited in Permian.Research results indicate that Permian system of foreland basin corresponds to a first-order sequence,and four tectonic episodes corresponds to four second-order sequences.10third-order sequences could be identified in SupersequenceⅡ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ of Permian system.Paleostructures of Permian system controlled not only stratal architecture of sequences,but also distribution of depositional systems and reservoirs deposited in Permian.During suppersequenceⅡ,episodic thrusting,flexing and subsiding were very intense,and sequences in syndepositional flexural slope-break of thrust fault were developed.Sand bodies of fan delta front and carbonate(dolomite)of lake expanding systems tract are good reservoirs,whose distribution was controlled by syndepositional flexural slope-breaks of thrust fault and lower uplift of underwater formed by volcano eruptions.During suppersequenceⅢandⅣ,Episodic thrusting,flexing and subsiding were weakened,and sequences in slope breaksof inverse fault, flexural slop-break of buried fault, and gently slope were developed.Sandibodies of braided fluvial and delta front of lowstand of slope breaks lakeward and lake expanding systems tracts are also good reservoirs, whose distribu- tion is controlled by buried faults.Distributing in source rock of Permian system or communicated by faults, these reservoirs have good conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation and are good areas for hydrocarbon exploration.
Permian system of Northwestern Junggar basin is a structural and depositional assemblage of foreland basin.Based on well logs,cores,and 3Dseismic data,and in the light of principle of analysis of tectonic sequence,this paper investigated depositional sequences and controls of paleostructure on stratal architecture of sequences and sedimentary systems deposited in Permian.Research results indicate that Permian system of foreland basin corresponds to a first-order sequence,and four tectonic episodes corresponds to four second-order sequences.10third-order sequences could be identified in SupersequenceⅡ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ of Permian system.Paleostructures of Permian system controlled not only stratal architecture of sequences,but also distribution of depositional systems and reservoirs deposited in Permian.During suppersequenceⅡ,episodic thrusting,flexing and subsiding were very intense,and sequences in syndepositional flexural slope-break of thrust fault were developed.Sand bodies of fan delta front and carbonate(dolomite)of lake expanding systems tract are good reservoirs,whose distribution was controlled by syndepositional flexural slope-breaks of thrust fault and lower uplift of underwater formed by volcano eruptions.During suppersequenceⅢandⅣ,Episodic thrusting,flexing and subsiding were weakened,and sequences in slope breaksof inverse fault, flexural slop-break of buried fault, and gently slope were developed.Sandibodies of braided fluvial and delta front of lowstand of slope breaks lakeward and lake expanding systems tracts are also good reservoirs, whose distribu- tion is controlled by buried faults.Distributing in source rock of Permian system or communicated by faults, these reservoirs have good conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation and are good areas for hydrocarbon exploration.
引文
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[8]冯有良,李思田,解习农.陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):119-132.Feng Youling,Li Sitian,Xie Xinong.Dynamics of sequence generation and sequence stratigraphic model in continental rift subsidence basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):119-132.
[9]Olson T.Sequence stratigraphy,alluvial architecture and potential reservoir heterogeneities of fluvial deposits:Evidence from outcrop studies in Price Canyon,Utah(Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary)[M]//Van Wagoner J C,Bertram G T.Sequence Stratigraphy of Forland Basin Deposits Outcrop and Subsurface Examples from the Cretaceous of North America.Tulsa,Oklahoma:AAPG Memoir,1995,64:75-94.
[10]冯有良,周海民,李思田,等.陆相断陷盆地层序类型与构造特征[J].地质论评,2004,50(1):43-49.
[11]冯有良,周海民,任建业,等.渤海湾盆地东部古近系层序地层及其构造响应[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(10):1356-1376.Feng Youliang,Zhou Haimin,Ren Jianye,et al.Paleogene sequence stratigraphy in the east of the Bohai Bay Basin and its response to structural movement[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2010,40(10):1356-1376.
[12]Van Wagoner J C,Mittchum R M,Campiopon K M,et al.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,cores and facies[M].Tulsa,Oklahoma:The American Association of Petroleum Geologists,1990(7):1-55.
[13]Vail P R,Audemard F,Bowman S A,et al.The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology:An overview[C]//Einsele G,Ricken W,Seilacher A.Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy.Berlin:Springer-verlag,1991:617-659.
[14]Howell J A,Flint S S.A model for high resolution sequence stratigraphy with extensional basins[C]//Howell J A,Aitiken J F.High resolution stratigraphy:Innovations and applications.London:Geology society special Puplication,1996:129-137.
[15]冯有良.东营凹陷下第三系层序地层格架及盆地充填模式[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1999,24(6):635-642.Feng Youliang.Lower Tertiary sequence stratigraphic framework and basin filling model in Dongying Depression[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2000,25(3):635-642.
[16]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.“构造坡折带”:断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):160-266.Lin Changsong,Pan Yuanlin,Xiao Jianxin,et al.Stractural slope-break zone:Key concept for stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subdience basins[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2000,25(3):260-266.
[17]王英民,刘豪,李立诚,等.准噶尔大型坳陷湖盆坡折带的类型和分布特征[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):683-688.Wang Yingmin,Liu Hao,Li Licheng,et al.Types and distribution characteristics of slope breaksof large-type down-warped lake basins[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(6):683-688.
[18]刘豪,王英民,王瑗,等.大型凹陷湖盆坡折带的研究及意义[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):95-102.Liu Hao,Wang Yingmin,Wang Yuan,et al.Study on slope break in large down warped lake basin and its significance[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):95-102.
[19]耳闯,王英民,刘豪,等.准噶尔盆地克-百地区中二叠统坡折带与岩性地层圈闭的关系[J].高校地质学报,2008,14(2):147-156.Er Chuang,Wang Yingmin,Liu Hao,et al.The Relation between Slope-Break Belts and Lithological Stratigraphic Traps in Middle Permian in Ke-Bai Area,Junggar Basin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2008,14(2):147-156.
[20]Strecker U,Stridtmann J R,Smithson S B.A conceptual tectonostratigraphic model for seismic facies migration in a fluviolacustrine extensional basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(1):43-61.
[2]吴孔友,查明,王绪龙,等.准噶尔盆地构造演化与动力学背景再认识[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3):217-222.Wu Kongyou,Zha Ming,Wang Xulong,et al.Further researches on the tectonic evolution and dynamic setting of the Junggar Basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2005,26(3):217-222.
[3]康玉柱.中国油气地质理论的建立[J].地质学报,2010,84(9):1231-1273.Kang Yuzhu.Establishment of Chinese theory of oil and gas geology[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(9):1231-1274.
[4]何登发,陈新发,张义杰,等.准噶尔盆地油气富集规律[J].石油学报,2004,25(3):1-9.He Dengfa,Chen Xinfa,Zhang Yijie,et al.Enrichment characteristics of oil and gas in Jungar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(3):1-9.
[5]耳闯,王英民,颜耀敏,等.构造活动盆地层序地层特征与主控因素分析:以准噶尔盆地克-百地区二叠系为列[J].沉积学报,2009,27(6):1101-1108.Er Chuang,Wang Yingmin,Yan Yaomin,et al.Sequence stratigraphy characteristics and main controlling factors of the tectonic active basin:As an example from permian of thekebaiarea in the northwestern Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(6):1101-1108.
[6]万天丰.中国大地构造学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社.2004:99-117.
[7]冯有良,张义杰,张光亚,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系风城组白云岩储层成因及富集高产因素分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,38(6):685-692.Feng Youliang,Zhang Yijie,Zhang Guangya,et al.Dolomites genesis and hydrocarbon enrichment of Fengcheng Formation in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(6):685-692.
[8]冯有良,李思田,解习农.陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):119-132.Feng Youling,Li Sitian,Xie Xinong.Dynamics of sequence generation and sequence stratigraphic model in continental rift subsidence basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(3):119-132.
[9]Olson T.Sequence stratigraphy,alluvial architecture and potential reservoir heterogeneities of fluvial deposits:Evidence from outcrop studies in Price Canyon,Utah(Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary)[M]//Van Wagoner J C,Bertram G T.Sequence Stratigraphy of Forland Basin Deposits Outcrop and Subsurface Examples from the Cretaceous of North America.Tulsa,Oklahoma:AAPG Memoir,1995,64:75-94.
[10]冯有良,周海民,李思田,等.陆相断陷盆地层序类型与构造特征[J].地质论评,2004,50(1):43-49.
[11]冯有良,周海民,任建业,等.渤海湾盆地东部古近系层序地层及其构造响应[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(10):1356-1376.Feng Youliang,Zhou Haimin,Ren Jianye,et al.Paleogene sequence stratigraphy in the east of the Bohai Bay Basin and its response to structural movement[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2010,40(10):1356-1376.
[12]Van Wagoner J C,Mittchum R M,Campiopon K M,et al.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,cores and facies[M].Tulsa,Oklahoma:The American Association of Petroleum Geologists,1990(7):1-55.
[13]Vail P R,Audemard F,Bowman S A,et al.The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology:An overview[C]//Einsele G,Ricken W,Seilacher A.Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy.Berlin:Springer-verlag,1991:617-659.
[14]Howell J A,Flint S S.A model for high resolution sequence stratigraphy with extensional basins[C]//Howell J A,Aitiken J F.High resolution stratigraphy:Innovations and applications.London:Geology society special Puplication,1996:129-137.
[15]冯有良.东营凹陷下第三系层序地层格架及盆地充填模式[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1999,24(6):635-642.Feng Youliang.Lower Tertiary sequence stratigraphic framework and basin filling model in Dongying Depression[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2000,25(3):635-642.
[16]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.“构造坡折带”:断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):160-266.Lin Changsong,Pan Yuanlin,Xiao Jianxin,et al.Stractural slope-break zone:Key concept for stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subdience basins[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2000,25(3):260-266.
[17]王英民,刘豪,李立诚,等.准噶尔大型坳陷湖盆坡折带的类型和分布特征[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):683-688.Wang Yingmin,Liu Hao,Li Licheng,et al.Types and distribution characteristics of slope breaksof large-type down-warped lake basins[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(6):683-688.
[18]刘豪,王英民,王瑗,等.大型凹陷湖盆坡折带的研究及意义[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):95-102.Liu Hao,Wang Yingmin,Wang Yuan,et al.Study on slope break in large down warped lake basin and its significance[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(1):95-102.
[19]耳闯,王英民,刘豪,等.准噶尔盆地克-百地区中二叠统坡折带与岩性地层圈闭的关系[J].高校地质学报,2008,14(2):147-156.Er Chuang,Wang Yingmin,Liu Hao,et al.The Relation between Slope-Break Belts and Lithological Stratigraphic Traps in Middle Permian in Ke-Bai Area,Junggar Basin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2008,14(2):147-156.
[20]Strecker U,Stridtmann J R,Smithson S B.A conceptual tectonostratigraphic model for seismic facies migration in a fluviolacustrine extensional basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(1):43-61.
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