莺歌海盆地中央凹陷带天然气成藏条件及有利区分析
摘要
为分析莺歌海盆地中央凹陷带天然气成藏条件与聚集规律,利用钻井、测井资料、地震资料及地球化学资料,对莺歌海盆地的生、储、盖及温压和构造特征进行研究,分析不同地区天然气的成藏条件和成藏模式,并划分成藏有利区。研究结果表明:烃源岩大量排烃期晚是天然气成藏的基础,超压条件下的高孔隙度储层是天然气成藏的有利场所,巨厚超压的盖层有利于天然气保存。超压环境下天然气以垂向运移为主,莺歌海盆地中央凹陷带可分为底辟区混相快速排放成藏模式和非底辟区剩余压差条件下水溶气成藏模式。天然气成藏有利区都集中在盆地中心的DF区及LD区内,这2个地区成为天然气勘探重点。
In order to investigate accumulation conditions and rules of natural gas in central sag zone of Yinggehai basin,drilling,data,logging data,seismic data and geochemical data had been used to do research in hydrocarbon generation,reservoir,cap rock,temperature,pressure and structure characteristics,and analyze different areas’ accumulation conditions,accumulation patterns and favorable areas of natural gas.Result shows that: the period of a large amount of gas expulsion late is the basis of natural gas’ accumulation,the high porosity reservoir in overpressure environment is natural gas’ favorable accumulation place,thick cap rocks with overpressure is benefitial for natural gas saving.Natural gas has mainly vertical migration in the overpressure environment.In central sag zone of Yinggehai basin,there are two patterns for natural gas: miscible migration and quick expulsion pattern in diapiric area and the water-gas isolate pattern by pressure difference in non-diapiric area.Favorable areas can be found in Yinggehai basin.They are all located in DF and LD areas in the centre of the basin.These areas will be the focus of gas prospecting.
In order to investigate accumulation conditions and rules of natural gas in central sag zone of Yinggehai basin,drilling,data,logging data,seismic data and geochemical data had been used to do research in hydrocarbon generation,reservoir,cap rock,temperature,pressure and structure characteristics,and analyze different areas’ accumulation conditions,accumulation patterns and favorable areas of natural gas.Result shows that: the period of a large amount of gas expulsion late is the basis of natural gas’ accumulation,the high porosity reservoir in overpressure environment is natural gas’ favorable accumulation place,thick cap rocks with overpressure is benefitial for natural gas saving.Natural gas has mainly vertical migration in the overpressure environment.In central sag zone of Yinggehai basin,there are two patterns for natural gas: miscible migration and quick expulsion pattern in diapiric area and the water-gas isolate pattern by pressure difference in non-diapiric area.Favorable areas can be found in Yinggehai basin.They are all located in DF and LD areas in the centre of the basin.These areas will be the focus of gas prospecting.
引文
[1]张启明,刘福宁,杨计海.莺歌海盆地超压体系与油气聚集[J].中国海上油气(地质),1996,10(2):65-75.ZHANG Qiming,LIU Funing,YANG Jihai.Overpressure system and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Yinggehai basin[J].China offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1996,10(2):65-75.
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[3]张连生,钟大赉.从红河剪切带走滑运动看东亚大陆新生代构造[J].地质科学,1996,31(4):327-341.ZHANG Liansheng,ZHONG Dalai.The Red River Strike-slip zone and Cenozoic tectonics of east Asia continent[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1996,31(4):327-341.
[4]Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone(Yunnan,China),Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251(1):3-84.
[5]Allen C R,Gillespie A R,Han Y,et al.Red Rive and associated faults,Yunnan Province,China:Quaternary Geology,slip rates and seismic hazard[J].Geol Soc Am Bull,1984,95(6):686-700.
[6]殷秀兰,李思田,马寅生,等.莺歌海盆地晚第三纪构造特征的三维泥料模拟实验及其动力学意义[J].地质论评,2001,47(5):535-541.YIN Xiulan,LI Sitian,MA Yinsheng,et al.Three-dimensional tectonic modelling of the Yinggehai Basin in the Late Tertiary and its geodynamic significance[J].Geological Review,2001,47(5):535-541.
[7]孙珍,钟志洪,周蒂.莺歌海盆地构造演化与强烈沉降机制的分析和模拟[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2007,32(3):347-356.SUN Zhen,ZHONG Zhihong,ZHOU Di.The analysis and analogue modeling of the tectonic evolution and strong subsidence in the Yinggehai Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2007,32(3):347-356.
[8]朱芳冰,田世澄.莺歌海盆地泥岩压实特征与油气初次运移[J].中国海上油气(地质),1998,12(5):306-311.ZHU Fangbing,TIAN Shicheng.Mudstone compaction and primary migration of oil and gas in Yinggehai basin[J].China offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1998,12(5):306-311.
[9]裴健翔,于俊峰,王立锋,等.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气勘探的关键问题及对策[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):573-579.PEI Jianxiang,YU Junfeng,WANG Lifeng,et al.Key challenges and strategies for the success of natural gas exploration in mid-deep strata of the Yinggehai basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):573-579.
[10]郝芳,李思田,龚再升,等.莺歌海盆地底辟发育机制与流体幕式充注[J].中国科学:D辑,2001,31(6):471-476.HAO Fang,LI Sitian,GONG Zaisheng,et al.Developing mechanism and phase filling of diapir in Yinggehai basin[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2001,31(6):471-476.
[11]万志峰,夏斌,何家雄,等.南海北部莺歌海盆地与琼东南盆地油气成藏条件比较研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(5):648-652.WAN Zhifeng,XIA Bin,HE Jiaxiong,et al.The comparative study of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,Northern South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(5):648-652.
[12]郝芳,李思田,孙永传,等.莺歌海-琼东南盆地的有机成熟作用及油气生成模式[J].中国科学:D辑,1996,26(6):555-560.HAO Fang,LI Sitian,SUN Yongchuan,et al.Organic matter and petroleum generation in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,1996,26(6):555-560.
[13]郝芳,邹华耀,方勇,等.超压环境有机质热演化和生烃作用机理[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):9-18.HAO Fang,ZOU Huayao,FANG Yong,et al.Kinetics of organic matter maturation and hydrocarbon generation in overpressure environment[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(5):9-18.
[14]Scherer M.Parameters influencing porosity in sandstone:A model for sandstone porosity prediction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(5):485-491.
[15]Swarbrick R E.Diagenesis in North Sea HPHT clastic reservoirs-consequences for porosity and overpressure prediction[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1999,16(4):337-353.
[16]马晓鸣,赵振宇,刘昊伟.山东车西洼陷异常高压对特低渗储层的影响[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(8):2507-2513.MA Xiaoming,ZHAO Zhenyu,LIU Haowei.Influences of abnormal overpressure on super-low permeability reservoirs in Chexi depression in Shangdong[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2011,42(8):2507-2513.
[17]Wilkinson M D,Darby R S,Haszeldine,et al.Secondary porosity generation during deep burial associated with overpressure leak-off.Fulmar formation,U K Central Graben[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81:803-813.
[18]孙明亮,柳广弟,李剑.超压盆地内剩余压力梯度与天然气成藏的关系[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(3):19-29.SUN Mingliang,LIU Guangdi,LI Jian.Relationship between excess-pressure gradient and gas accumulation in overpressured basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2008,32(3):19-29.
[19]柳广弟,孙明亮.剩余压力差在超压盆地天然气高效成藏中的意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(2):203-208.LIU Guangdi,SUN Mingliang.Significance of excess differential pressure in highly efficient gas accumulation in over-pressured basins[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(2):203-208.
[20]郝石生,张振英.天然气在地层水中的溶解度变化特征及地质意义[J].石油学报,1993,14(2):12-22.HAO Shisheng,ZHANG Zhenying.The characteristic of the solubility of natural gas in formation waters and it's geological significance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1993,14(2):12-22.
[21]郝芳,董伟良,邹华耀,等.莺歌海盆地汇聚型超压流体流动及天然气晚期快速成藏[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):7-12.HAO Fang,DONG Weiliang,ZOU Huayao,et al.Overpressure fluid flow and rapid accumulation of natural gas in Yinggehai basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(6):7-12.
[22]Hunt J.Generation and migration of petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid compartments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(1):1-12.
[23]Magara K.Pressure sealing:An important agent for hydrocarbon entrapment[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,1993,9(1):67-80.
[24]HAO Fang,SUN Yongchuan,LI Sitian,et al.Overpressure retardation of organic matter maturation and petroleum generation:A case study from the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,South China Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(4):551-562.
[2]Seharer U,Zhang L,Tapponnier P.Duration of strike-slip movernent in large shear zones:The Red River belt,China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1994,126(4):379-397.
[3]张连生,钟大赉.从红河剪切带走滑运动看东亚大陆新生代构造[J].地质科学,1996,31(4):327-341.ZHANG Liansheng,ZHONG Dalai.The Red River Strike-slip zone and Cenozoic tectonics of east Asia continent[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1996,31(4):327-341.
[4]Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone(Yunnan,China),Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251(1):3-84.
[5]Allen C R,Gillespie A R,Han Y,et al.Red Rive and associated faults,Yunnan Province,China:Quaternary Geology,slip rates and seismic hazard[J].Geol Soc Am Bull,1984,95(6):686-700.
[6]殷秀兰,李思田,马寅生,等.莺歌海盆地晚第三纪构造特征的三维泥料模拟实验及其动力学意义[J].地质论评,2001,47(5):535-541.YIN Xiulan,LI Sitian,MA Yinsheng,et al.Three-dimensional tectonic modelling of the Yinggehai Basin in the Late Tertiary and its geodynamic significance[J].Geological Review,2001,47(5):535-541.
[7]孙珍,钟志洪,周蒂.莺歌海盆地构造演化与强烈沉降机制的分析和模拟[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2007,32(3):347-356.SUN Zhen,ZHONG Zhihong,ZHOU Di.The analysis and analogue modeling of the tectonic evolution and strong subsidence in the Yinggehai Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2007,32(3):347-356.
[8]朱芳冰,田世澄.莺歌海盆地泥岩压实特征与油气初次运移[J].中国海上油气(地质),1998,12(5):306-311.ZHU Fangbing,TIAN Shicheng.Mudstone compaction and primary migration of oil and gas in Yinggehai basin[J].China offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1998,12(5):306-311.
[9]裴健翔,于俊峰,王立锋,等.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气勘探的关键问题及对策[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):573-579.PEI Jianxiang,YU Junfeng,WANG Lifeng,et al.Key challenges and strategies for the success of natural gas exploration in mid-deep strata of the Yinggehai basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):573-579.
[10]郝芳,李思田,龚再升,等.莺歌海盆地底辟发育机制与流体幕式充注[J].中国科学:D辑,2001,31(6):471-476.HAO Fang,LI Sitian,GONG Zaisheng,et al.Developing mechanism and phase filling of diapir in Yinggehai basin[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2001,31(6):471-476.
[11]万志峰,夏斌,何家雄,等.南海北部莺歌海盆地与琼东南盆地油气成藏条件比较研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(5):648-652.WAN Zhifeng,XIA Bin,HE Jiaxiong,et al.The comparative study of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,Northern South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(5):648-652.
[12]郝芳,李思田,孙永传,等.莺歌海-琼东南盆地的有机成熟作用及油气生成模式[J].中国科学:D辑,1996,26(6):555-560.HAO Fang,LI Sitian,SUN Yongchuan,et al.Organic matter and petroleum generation in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,1996,26(6):555-560.
[13]郝芳,邹华耀,方勇,等.超压环境有机质热演化和生烃作用机理[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):9-18.HAO Fang,ZOU Huayao,FANG Yong,et al.Kinetics of organic matter maturation and hydrocarbon generation in overpressure environment[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(5):9-18.
[14]Scherer M.Parameters influencing porosity in sandstone:A model for sandstone porosity prediction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(5):485-491.
[15]Swarbrick R E.Diagenesis in North Sea HPHT clastic reservoirs-consequences for porosity and overpressure prediction[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1999,16(4):337-353.
[16]马晓鸣,赵振宇,刘昊伟.山东车西洼陷异常高压对特低渗储层的影响[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(8):2507-2513.MA Xiaoming,ZHAO Zhenyu,LIU Haowei.Influences of abnormal overpressure on super-low permeability reservoirs in Chexi depression in Shangdong[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2011,42(8):2507-2513.
[17]Wilkinson M D,Darby R S,Haszeldine,et al.Secondary porosity generation during deep burial associated with overpressure leak-off.Fulmar formation,U K Central Graben[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81:803-813.
[18]孙明亮,柳广弟,李剑.超压盆地内剩余压力梯度与天然气成藏的关系[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(3):19-29.SUN Mingliang,LIU Guangdi,LI Jian.Relationship between excess-pressure gradient and gas accumulation in overpressured basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2008,32(3):19-29.
[19]柳广弟,孙明亮.剩余压力差在超压盆地天然气高效成藏中的意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(2):203-208.LIU Guangdi,SUN Mingliang.Significance of excess differential pressure in highly efficient gas accumulation in over-pressured basins[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(2):203-208.
[20]郝石生,张振英.天然气在地层水中的溶解度变化特征及地质意义[J].石油学报,1993,14(2):12-22.HAO Shisheng,ZHANG Zhenying.The characteristic of the solubility of natural gas in formation waters and it's geological significance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1993,14(2):12-22.
[21]郝芳,董伟良,邹华耀,等.莺歌海盆地汇聚型超压流体流动及天然气晚期快速成藏[J].石油学报,2003,24(6):7-12.HAO Fang,DONG Weiliang,ZOU Huayao,et al.Overpressure fluid flow and rapid accumulation of natural gas in Yinggehai basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(6):7-12.
[22]Hunt J.Generation and migration of petroleum from abnormally pressured fluid compartments[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(1):1-12.
[23]Magara K.Pressure sealing:An important agent for hydrocarbon entrapment[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,1993,9(1):67-80.
[24]HAO Fang,SUN Yongchuan,LI Sitian,et al.Overpressure retardation of organic matter maturation and petroleum generation:A case study from the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,South China Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(4):551-562.
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