碳酸盐岩裸露区近地表地震波衰减特性初探
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摘要
碳酸盐岩裸露区地震采集资料信噪比低,成像质量差,地质构造解释困难已成为制约海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探的技术瓶颈,因此,开展碳酸盐岩裸露区近地表地震波衰减特性研究对于揭示地震采集资料低品质的成因具有重要的现实意义。以镇巴探区800余口井的微测井解释成果为基础,采用李庆忠经验公式估算了近地表地层品质因子Q,进而分析了不同岩性出露区近地表衰减特性的差异性。结果表明,碳酸盐岩裸露区近地表地层平均品质因子明显低于砂岩、泥岩和砂泥岩互层出露区,显示出较强的地震波衰减特性,其可能是造成碳酸盐岩裸露区地震采集资料低品质的主要原因之一。
In carbonate outcropped area,the seismic data is characterized by low signal-to-noise ratio,bad imaging and difficult in structure interpretation,which have become the technical bottlenecks restricting oil-gas exploration of marine facies carbonate reservoirs in China.Therfore,It has important and realistic significance to study the attenuation characteristics of seismic wave propagation in near surface layers of carbonate outcropped area for analyzing the cause of low-quality seismic data.Based on the explanation results of uphole data of more than 800 wells in Zhenba area,the quality factors of near surface layers were estimated by Li Qingzhong's experience formula,and then the difference of attenuation characteristics of near surface layers for different lithology outcropped area were analyzed.As a consequent,the average quality factor of near surface layers in carbonate outcropped area is significantly lower than that in the outcropped area of sandstone,mudstone and the interbed,which displays stronger attenuation for seismic wave propagation and maybe one of the main causes for the low-quality seismic data in the carbonate outcropped area.
In carbonate outcropped area,the seismic data is characterized by low signal-to-noise ratio,bad imaging and difficult in structure interpretation,which have become the technical bottlenecks restricting oil-gas exploration of marine facies carbonate reservoirs in China.Therfore,It has important and realistic significance to study the attenuation characteristics of seismic wave propagation in near surface layers of carbonate outcropped area for analyzing the cause of low-quality seismic data.Based on the explanation results of uphole data of more than 800 wells in Zhenba area,the quality factors of near surface layers were estimated by Li Qingzhong's experience formula,and then the difference of attenuation characteristics of near surface layers for different lithology outcropped area were analyzed.As a consequent,the average quality factor of near surface layers in carbonate outcropped area is significantly lower than that in the outcropped area of sandstone,mudstone and the interbed,which displays stronger attenuation for seismic wave propagation and maybe one of the main causes for the low-quality seismic data in the carbonate outcropped area.
引文
[1]敬朋贵,齐中山,肖兰雄.米仓—大巴山复杂山前带油气勘探进展与面临的问题研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):107-114 Jing P G,Qi Z S,Xiao L X.Exploration progress and confronted problems of complex mountain front in Micang-Dabashan area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(2):107-114
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[13]裴江云,陈树民,刘振宽,等.近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):18422 Pei J Y,Chen S M,Liu Z K,et al.Near surface Q value extraction and amplitude compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(4):18-22
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[15]杜增利,施泽进,徐峰,等.近地表疏松介质吸收补偿的数学模拟研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(1):44-46 Du Z L,Shi Z J,Xu F,et al.The mathematical mod-eling of absorption compensation in loose medium at surface[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Univer-sity,2007,29(1):44-46
[16]石战结,田钢,西部大沙漠区近地表地震波衰减及高频补偿技术研究[J],石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):392-395 Shi Z J,Tian G.Technique of attenuation of near-surface seismic wave and high-frequency compensa-tion in western large desert area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):392-395
[17]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率地震勘探系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:35-39 Li Q Z.The way to obtain a better resolution in seismic exploration:a systematical analysis of high resolution seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994:35-39
[18]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:45-50 Yu S P.High resolution seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993:45-50
[19]何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:23-43 He H Y.High resolution seismic technology and application for marine exploration[M].Beijing:Geology Press,2001:23-43
[20]李生杰,施行觉,叶林,等.准噶尔盆地岩石品质因子与速度分析[J].内陆地震,2001,15(3):224-231 Li S J,Shi X J,Ye L,et al.Analysis on relation be-tween rock quality factor and seismic wave velocity in Zungaria Basin[J].Inland Earthquake,2001,15(3):224-231
[21]李生杰,施行觉,忘宝善,等.地层衰减数据体的建立[J].新疆地质,2001,19(2):146-149 Li S J,Shi X J,Wang B S,et al.Constructing the sediment attenuation data[J].Xinjiang Geology,2001,19(2):146-149
[22]施行觉,曹文宝.岩石Q值的测量及随压力的变化规律[J].地球物理学进展,1993,8(4):192-199 Si X J,Cao W B.Measurement of the Q value of rock and its variation with pressure[J].Progress in Geophysics,1993,8(4):192-199
[2]丁伟.镇巴复杂山地地震采集质量影响因素分析[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):97-101 Ding W.Analysis on factors affecting seismic acqui-sition quality to complex mountainous exploration in Zhenba block[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petro-leum,2006,45(4):97-101
[3]云美厚.对镇巴复杂山地地震采集的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):504-508,513 Yun M H.Thought about seismic acquisition in complex mountains of Zhenba area[J].Oil Geo-physical Prospecting,2006,41(5):504-508,513
[4]Rice J A,Christine E K,Houston L M.Shallow near-surface effects on seismic waves[J].Expanded Abstracts of 61 st Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1991,747-749
[5]Adriansyah,McMecha G A.Effects of near-surface structure,scattering and Q on AVO measurements[J].Expanded Abstracts of 67 th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1997,146-149
[6]孔令纲,傅朝奎.大地对地震信号的吸收衰减规律研究[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(5):12-13 Kong L G,Fu Z K.Study on the attenuation law of seismic signal causing by earth absorption[J].Oil-gasfield Surface Engineering,2005,24(5):12-13
[7]Brzostowski M A,McMechan G A.3-D tomographic imaging of near-surface seismic velocity and attenuation[J].Expanded Abstracts of 61 st Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1991,905-908
[8]Yih J,Jing-Yih T,Chen S H.An improved method of determining near-surface Q[J].Geophysics,1999,64(5):1608-1617
[9]Nizare E Y,Fabian E,Wim M.Improvement of nearsurface attenuation estimation[J].Expanded Abstracts of 77 th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2007,1242-1246
[10]Xia J H,Miller R D,Ivanov J.Estimation of near-surface quality factors by inversion of Rayleigh-wave attenuation coefficients[J].Expanded Abstracts of80 th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2010,1908-1912
[11]刘学伟,邰圣宏.用面波反演风化层的Q值[J].石油物探,1996,35(2):89-95 Liu X W,Tai S H,He Q D.Inversion of quality fac-tor Q for weathered layer using surface waves-com-pensating seismic wave absorption in weathered lay-er to increase resolution[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1996,35(2):89-95
[12]胡家富,苏有锦.用面波估计浅土层的品质因子[J].地震学报,1999,21(4):433-438 Hu J F,Su Y J.Estimation of the quality factor in shallow soil using surface waves[J].Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,1999,21(4):433-438
[13]裴江云,陈树民,刘振宽,等.近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):18422 Pei J Y,Chen S M,Liu Z K,et al.Near surface Q value extraction and amplitude compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(4):18-22
[14]杨凯.沙漠地区低降速带地震波的传播特征与衰减补偿方法研究[D].上海:同济大学,2005 Yang K.Study on seismic wave propagation characteristics and compensation method of attenuation in low velocity layer of Desert Area[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2005
[15]杜增利,施泽进,徐峰,等.近地表疏松介质吸收补偿的数学模拟研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(1):44-46 Du Z L,Shi Z J,Xu F,et al.The mathematical mod-eling of absorption compensation in loose medium at surface[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Univer-sity,2007,29(1):44-46
[16]石战结,田钢,西部大沙漠区近地表地震波衰减及高频补偿技术研究[J],石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):392-395 Shi Z J,Tian G.Technique of attenuation of near-surface seismic wave and high-frequency compensa-tion in western large desert area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):392-395
[17]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率地震勘探系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:35-39 Li Q Z.The way to obtain a better resolution in seismic exploration:a systematical analysis of high resolution seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994:35-39
[18]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:45-50 Yu S P.High resolution seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993:45-50
[19]何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:23-43 He H Y.High resolution seismic technology and application for marine exploration[M].Beijing:Geology Press,2001:23-43
[20]李生杰,施行觉,叶林,等.准噶尔盆地岩石品质因子与速度分析[J].内陆地震,2001,15(3):224-231 Li S J,Shi X J,Ye L,et al.Analysis on relation be-tween rock quality factor and seismic wave velocity in Zungaria Basin[J].Inland Earthquake,2001,15(3):224-231
[21]李生杰,施行觉,忘宝善,等.地层衰减数据体的建立[J].新疆地质,2001,19(2):146-149 Li S J,Shi X J,Wang B S,et al.Constructing the sediment attenuation data[J].Xinjiang Geology,2001,19(2):146-149
[22]施行觉,曹文宝.岩石Q值的测量及随压力的变化规律[J].地球物理学进展,1993,8(4):192-199 Si X J,Cao W B.Measurement of the Q value of rock and its variation with pressure[J].Progress in Geophysics,1993,8(4):192-199
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