2010年青海玉树地震(Ms7.1)同震地表破裂及其与山脉隆升的关系
|
摘要
野外调查发现,2010年4月14日青海玉树Ms7.1级地震同震地表破裂带长约65km,破裂带走向为310°,破裂面向NE陡倾,地表破裂带由2部分组成,其中西侧部分长约19km,东侧部分长约30km,两者之间存在约15km的无破裂区。地表破裂以右阶雁行状破裂分布为主要特征,呈现左旋走滑性质,伴随有垂直位移。统计结果显示,同震地表破裂垂直位移(dv)与水平位移(dh)的比值在0.13~0.53之间,地貌累积dv与累积dh比值为0.27~0.63。同震dv/dh与地貌dv/dh的相似显示玉树南山的形成和玉树地震具有同样的运动学和动力学性质,玉树南山的形成是地质历史上沿玉树断裂多次类似于玉树地震的地震活动的结果,计算出需要1800~2600次地震才能造成玉树南山的隆升。前人研究本段断层地震复发周期为120~200年,计算出断层开始活动时间不晚于20万~40万年以前。
In field investigation we found that Qinghai Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake occurred on April 14,2010 produced a ~65 km long co-seismic surface rupture zone which strikes 310° and dips NE.The entire zone is composed of two parts: the west section is about 19 km long and the east section is 30 km.Between these two sections,a 15 km long zone surface rupture gap is observed.Surface ruptures displayed common sinistral lines mainly featuring right stepping en-echelon ruptures,while vertical offsets developed.The ratios between co-seismic vertical offset and horizontal offset range from 0.13 to 0.53,while the geomorphic dv/dh values of 0.27~0.63 are close to co-seismic dv/dh(0.13~0.53),indicating that the Yushu Nanshan uplift probably showed the same kinematic and dynamic characteristics.In other words,the Yushu Nanshan uplift is resulting from the cumulative vertical offsets produced by many earthquakes similar to Yushu earthquake along Yushu fault in the geological history.We conclude that we need 1800~2600 earthquakes similar to Yushu earthquake to form Yushu Nanshan.Former researchers reckon the recurrence period of the Yushu section of Ganzi-Yushu fault zone to be 120-200 years,which would make us believe that this fault section's activity started from 200~400 ka ago.
In field investigation we found that Qinghai Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake occurred on April 14,2010 produced a ~65 km long co-seismic surface rupture zone which strikes 310° and dips NE.The entire zone is composed of two parts: the west section is about 19 km long and the east section is 30 km.Between these two sections,a 15 km long zone surface rupture gap is observed.Surface ruptures displayed common sinistral lines mainly featuring right stepping en-echelon ruptures,while vertical offsets developed.The ratios between co-seismic vertical offset and horizontal offset range from 0.13 to 0.53,while the geomorphic dv/dh values of 0.27~0.63 are close to co-seismic dv/dh(0.13~0.53),indicating that the Yushu Nanshan uplift probably showed the same kinematic and dynamic characteristics.In other words,the Yushu Nanshan uplift is resulting from the cumulative vertical offsets produced by many earthquakes similar to Yushu earthquake along Yushu fault in the geological history.We conclude that we need 1800~2600 earthquakes similar to Yushu earthquake to form Yushu Nanshan.Former researchers reckon the recurrence period of the Yushu section of Ganzi-Yushu fault zone to be 120-200 years,which would make us believe that this fault section's activity started from 200~400 ka ago.
引文
[1]Erchie Wang,Burchfiel B C.Late Cenozoic to Holocene deforma-tion in southwestern Sichuan and adjacent Yunnan,China,and itsrole in formation of the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2000,112:413-423.
[2]Hubbard J,Shaw J H.Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetanplateau,and the 2008 Wenchuan(M=7.9)earthquake[J].Nature,2009,458:194-197.
[3]李海兵,付小方,Jerome VAN DER WOERD,等.汶川地震(Ms 8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1623-1643.
[4]李海兵,杨经绥,许志琴,等.阿尔金断裂带对青藏高原北部生长、隆升的制约[J].地学前缘,2006,13(4):59-79.
[5]Nicol R,Van Dissen.Up-dip partitioning of displacement compo-nents on the oblique-slip Clarence Fault,New Zealand[J].Journal ofStructural Geology,2002,24:1521-1535.
[6]USGS.Earthquake details.http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/e-qinthenews/2010/us2010vacp/.[EBOL].2011-03-20,2010-11-20.
[7]闻学泽.鲜水河断裂带未来三十年地震复发的条件概率[J].中国地震,1990,6(4):8-16.
[8]闻学泽.四川西部鲜水河-安宁河-则木河断裂带的地震破裂分段特征[J].地震地质,2000,22(3):239-249.
[9]闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.甘孜-玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):199-208.
[10]徐锡伟,闻学泽,郑荣章,等.川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):151-162.
[11]徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽,等.川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型[J].地震地质,2005,27(3):446-461.
[12]徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛,等.昆仑山地震(Mw7.8)破裂行为、变形局部化特征及其构造内涵讨论[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(7):785-796.
[13]Shifeng Wang,Chun Fan,Gang Wang,et al.Late Cenozoic defor-mation along the northwestern continuation of the Xianshuihe faultsystem,Eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,2008,120:312-327.
[14]周荣军,闻学泽,蔡长星,等.甘孜-玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计[J].地震地质,1997,19(2):115-124.
[15]陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,等.玉树Ms7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,2010,55(13):1200-1205.
[16]周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星.甘孜-玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征[J].中国地震,1996,12(3):250-260.
[17]邓启东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(12):1020-1030.
[18]陈正位,杨攀新,李智敏,等.玉树7.1级地震断裂特征与地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(3):628-631.
[19]孙鑫喆,徐锡伟,陈立春,等.青海玉树Ms7.1地震两个典型地点的地表破裂特征[J].地震地质,2010,32(2):338-344.
[20]江娃利,张景发,谢新生,等.建立在雷达卫星影像判读基础上四川龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动特征研究[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(3):426-438.
[21]Klinger Y,Xiwei Xu,Paul Tapponnier,et al.High-ResolutionSatellite Imagery Mapping of the Surface Rupture and Slip Distri-bution of the Mw～7.8,14 November 2001 Kokoxili Earthquake,Kunlun Fault,Northern Tibet,China[J].Bulletin of the Seismologi-cal Society of America,2005,95(5):1970-1987.
[22]张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2010青海玉树地震震源过程[J].中国科学(D辑),2010,40(7):819-821.
[23]Barka A,Akyuz H S,Altunel E,et al.The Surface Rupture andSlip Distribution of the 17 August 1999 Izmit Earthquake(M7.4),North Anatolian Fault[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2002,92(1):43-60.
[24]Harris R A,Day S M.Dynamics of Fault Interaction:ParallelStrike-Slip Faults[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98(B3):4461-4472.
[25]Harris R A,Archuleta J,Day S M.Fault steps and the dynamicrupture process:2-d numerical simulations of a spontaneously propagating shear fracture[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1991,18:893-896.
[26]Ma K F,Tanaka H,Song S R,et al.Slip zone and energetics of alarge earthquake from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project[J].Nature,2006,444:473-476.
[27]闻学泽,黄圣睦,江在雄.甘孜-玉树断裂带的新构造特征及地震危险性估计[J].地震地质,1985,7(3):23-32.
[28]闻学泽,贾晋康.鲜水河断裂带强震危险性预测[J].四川地震,1988,9(3):1987-1993.
[29]任俊杰,谢富仁,刘东英,等.2010玉树地震的构造环境、历史地震活动及其复发周期估计[J].震灾防御技术,2010,5(2):228-233.
[30]Norini G,Groppelli G,Lagmay A M F,et al.Recent left-obliqueslip faulting in the central eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt:Seismic hazard and geodynamic implications[J].Tectonics,2006,25(4012):1-21.
[2]Hubbard J,Shaw J H.Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetanplateau,and the 2008 Wenchuan(M=7.9)earthquake[J].Nature,2009,458:194-197.
[3]李海兵,付小方,Jerome VAN DER WOERD,等.汶川地震(Ms 8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1623-1643.
[4]李海兵,杨经绥,许志琴,等.阿尔金断裂带对青藏高原北部生长、隆升的制约[J].地学前缘,2006,13(4):59-79.
[5]Nicol R,Van Dissen.Up-dip partitioning of displacement compo-nents on the oblique-slip Clarence Fault,New Zealand[J].Journal ofStructural Geology,2002,24:1521-1535.
[6]USGS.Earthquake details.http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/e-qinthenews/2010/us2010vacp/.[EBOL].2011-03-20,2010-11-20.
[7]闻学泽.鲜水河断裂带未来三十年地震复发的条件概率[J].中国地震,1990,6(4):8-16.
[8]闻学泽.四川西部鲜水河-安宁河-则木河断裂带的地震破裂分段特征[J].地震地质,2000,22(3):239-249.
[9]闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.甘孜-玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):199-208.
[10]徐锡伟,闻学泽,郑荣章,等.川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):151-162.
[11]徐锡伟,张培震,闻学泽,等.川西及其邻近地区活动构造基本特征与强震复发模型[J].地震地质,2005,27(3):446-461.
[12]徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛,等.昆仑山地震(Mw7.8)破裂行为、变形局部化特征及其构造内涵讨论[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(7):785-796.
[13]Shifeng Wang,Chun Fan,Gang Wang,et al.Late Cenozoic defor-mation along the northwestern continuation of the Xianshuihe faultsystem,Eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,2008,120:312-327.
[14]周荣军,闻学泽,蔡长星,等.甘孜-玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计[J].地震地质,1997,19(2):115-124.
[15]陈立春,王虎,冉勇康,等.玉树Ms7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,2010,55(13):1200-1205.
[16]周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星.甘孜-玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征[J].中国地震,1996,12(3):250-260.
[17]邓启东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(12):1020-1030.
[18]陈正位,杨攀新,李智敏,等.玉树7.1级地震断裂特征与地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(3):628-631.
[19]孙鑫喆,徐锡伟,陈立春,等.青海玉树Ms7.1地震两个典型地点的地表破裂特征[J].地震地质,2010,32(2):338-344.
[20]江娃利,张景发,谢新生,等.建立在雷达卫星影像判读基础上四川龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动特征研究[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(3):426-438.
[21]Klinger Y,Xiwei Xu,Paul Tapponnier,et al.High-ResolutionSatellite Imagery Mapping of the Surface Rupture and Slip Distri-bution of the Mw～7.8,14 November 2001 Kokoxili Earthquake,Kunlun Fault,Northern Tibet,China[J].Bulletin of the Seismologi-cal Society of America,2005,95(5):1970-1987.
[22]张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2010青海玉树地震震源过程[J].中国科学(D辑),2010,40(7):819-821.
[23]Barka A,Akyuz H S,Altunel E,et al.The Surface Rupture andSlip Distribution of the 17 August 1999 Izmit Earthquake(M7.4),North Anatolian Fault[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,2002,92(1):43-60.
[24]Harris R A,Day S M.Dynamics of Fault Interaction:ParallelStrike-Slip Faults[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98(B3):4461-4472.
[25]Harris R A,Archuleta J,Day S M.Fault steps and the dynamicrupture process:2-d numerical simulations of a spontaneously propagating shear fracture[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1991,18:893-896.
[26]Ma K F,Tanaka H,Song S R,et al.Slip zone and energetics of alarge earthquake from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project[J].Nature,2006,444:473-476.
[27]闻学泽,黄圣睦,江在雄.甘孜-玉树断裂带的新构造特征及地震危险性估计[J].地震地质,1985,7(3):23-32.
[28]闻学泽,贾晋康.鲜水河断裂带强震危险性预测[J].四川地震,1988,9(3):1987-1993.
[29]任俊杰,谢富仁,刘东英,等.2010玉树地震的构造环境、历史地震活动及其复发周期估计[J].震灾防御技术,2010,5(2):228-233.
[30]Norini G,Groppelli G,Lagmay A M F,et al.Recent left-obliqueslip faulting in the central eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt:Seismic hazard and geodynamic implications[J].Tectonics,2006,25(4012):1-21.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心