谐振Q理论井震匹配法及品质因子反演
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摘要
储层勘测中地震波速度一般低于声波测井速度,撇开观测系统与人为因素造成的误差,岩石本征的黏弹性是造成这一现象的重要原因.本文在井、震匹配问题中引入了黏弹性岩石的杨氏谐振品质因子(Q)模型,对储层岩石进行了井震匹配与Q反演.文章阐述了如何通过谐振Q模型合理的校正声波速度,从而实现井震匹配.在波形匹配的基础上,进行地层品质因子的反演,合理的计算出目的层位的品质因子值.
Wave velocity observed in seismic shot gathers is usually lower than that in sonic logs for the same reservoir rocks.Neglecting the effects of observation system and artificial factors,the intrinsic viscosity in rocks causes waves to disperse between different frequency bands.Yang's resonance quality factor(Q) model for viscoelastic rocks is introduced to analyze the match problem for seismic-log data and inverse Q parameters in reservoir rocks.The paper demonstrates how to use a resonance Q model to reasonably correct the log-observed velocities,so as to obtain a good agreement between seismic and log data.On the basis of the match of waveforms,the sub-layer quality factors are calculated.
Wave velocity observed in seismic shot gathers is usually lower than that in sonic logs for the same reservoir rocks.Neglecting the effects of observation system and artificial factors,the intrinsic viscosity in rocks causes waves to disperse between different frequency bands.Yang's resonance quality factor(Q) model for viscoelastic rocks is introduced to analyze the match problem for seismic-log data and inverse Q parameters in reservoir rocks.The paper demonstrates how to use a resonance Q model to reasonably correct the log-observed velocities,so as to obtain a good agreement between seismic and log data.On the basis of the match of waveforms,the sub-layer quality factors are calculated.
引文
[1]靳玲,苏桂芝,刘桂兰等.合成地震记录制作的影响因素及对策.石油物探,2004,43(3):267-271.Jin L,Su G Z,Liu G L,et al.Influencing factors in makingsynthetic seismogram and counter measures.GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(3):267-271.
[2]凌云研究组.测井与地震信息标定研究.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(1):68-74.Lin Y.Study of logging and seismic information labeling.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2004,39(1):68-74.
[3]王延光,韩文功,刘浩杰.多尺度地球物理资料分析与匹配.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3):333-339.Wang Y G,Han W G,Liu H J.Analysis and match of multi-scaled geophysical data.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2008,43(3):333-339.
[4]云美厚,易维启,艾印双.地震与声波测井匹配校正方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):601-611.Yun M H;Yi W Q,Ai Y S.Study on correct methodsmatching seismic data with sonic logging data.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2002,37(6):601-611.
[5]陈广军.合成地震记录制作与标定中的争论及注意的问题.西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2002,17(4):19-23.Chen G J.Some controversial issues and matters needingattention to in the process of producting and calibratingsynthetic seismogram.Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute(inChinese),2002,17(4):19-23.
[6]安勇,牟永光,方朝亮.沉积岩的速度、衰减与岩石物理性质间的关系.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):188-192.An Y,Mu Y G,Fang C L.Relationship between attenuation,velocity of sedimentary rocks and petrophysical property.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2006,41(2):188-192.
[7]喻振华,冯德山,汤井田.地震波速与吸收系数综合层析成像.地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1338-1341.Yu Z H,Feng D S,Tang J T.The seismic tomography ofcombining velocity and absorption coefficient.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1338-1341.
[8]李亚林,贺振华,黄德济等.岩石孔渗特性与地震波衰减、传播速度的相互关系.天然气工业,2001,21(4):7-11.Li Y L,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.Relation between rockporosity-permeability property and seismic wave attenuationand propagation velocity.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2001,21(4):7-11.
[9]易维启,宋吉杰.声波测井资料与地震资料之间的匹配——波速频散校正.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(S1):72-75.Yi W Q,Song J J.The match between sonic logging data andseismic data-wave velocity dispersion correction.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1994,29(S1):72-75.
[10]杨文采.岩石的粘弹性谐振Q模型.地球物理学报,1987,30(4):399-411.Yang W C.A resonance Q model for viscoelastic rocks.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1987,30(4):399-411.
[11]Kjartansson E.Thermal relaxation,an attenuation mechanismfor porous rocks.EOS Trans AGU,1978,59:324.
[12]Mason W P.Internal friction mechanism that produces anattenuation in the Earth’s crust proportional to thefrequency.J.Geophys.Res.,1971,74:4963-4966.
[13]Futterman W I.Dispersive body waves.J.Geophys.Res.,1962,67(13):5279-5291.
[14]Winkler K W,Nur A.Effects of pore fluids and frictional-sliding.Geophysics,1982,47(1):1-15.
[15]Meissner R,Theilen F.Attenuation properties of sediments.11th World Petroleum Congress,London.1983.
[16]杨斌,鲁洪江,梁珀等.地震标定中的测井资料精细处理方法及应用.物探化探计算技术,2009,31(4):349-353.Yang B,Lu H J,Liang B,et al.Study of well logs fineprocessing methods and its application to seismic calibration.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration(in Chinese),2009,31(4):349-353.
[17]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074-1082.Ma Z J,Liu Y.A summary of research on seismicattenuation.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1074-1082.
[18]严又生,宜明理,魏新等.井间地震速度和Q值联合层析成像及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):9-17.Yan Y S,Yi M L,Wei X,et al.Joint tomographic imagingfor cross-hole seismic velocity and Q value.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(1):9-17.
[19]宋常瑜,裴正林,狄帮让等.小波多尺度井间地震衰减层析成像.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):30-33.Song C Y,Pei Z L,Di B R,et al.Multi-scaled seismic-attenuated cross-hole tomographic imaging of wavelet.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,42(1):30-33.
[20]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):853-861.Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extractionusing instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of directwaves of VSP data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):853-861.
[2]凌云研究组.测井与地震信息标定研究.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(1):68-74.Lin Y.Study of logging and seismic information labeling.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2004,39(1):68-74.
[3]王延光,韩文功,刘浩杰.多尺度地球物理资料分析与匹配.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3):333-339.Wang Y G,Han W G,Liu H J.Analysis and match of multi-scaled geophysical data.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2008,43(3):333-339.
[4]云美厚,易维启,艾印双.地震与声波测井匹配校正方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):601-611.Yun M H;Yi W Q,Ai Y S.Study on correct methodsmatching seismic data with sonic logging data.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2002,37(6):601-611.
[5]陈广军.合成地震记录制作与标定中的争论及注意的问题.西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2002,17(4):19-23.Chen G J.Some controversial issues and matters needingattention to in the process of producting and calibratingsynthetic seismogram.Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute(inChinese),2002,17(4):19-23.
[6]安勇,牟永光,方朝亮.沉积岩的速度、衰减与岩石物理性质间的关系.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):188-192.An Y,Mu Y G,Fang C L.Relationship between attenuation,velocity of sedimentary rocks and petrophysical property.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2006,41(2):188-192.
[7]喻振华,冯德山,汤井田.地震波速与吸收系数综合层析成像.地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1338-1341.Yu Z H,Feng D S,Tang J T.The seismic tomography ofcombining velocity and absorption coefficient.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1338-1341.
[8]李亚林,贺振华,黄德济等.岩石孔渗特性与地震波衰减、传播速度的相互关系.天然气工业,2001,21(4):7-11.Li Y L,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.Relation between rockporosity-permeability property and seismic wave attenuationand propagation velocity.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2001,21(4):7-11.
[9]易维启,宋吉杰.声波测井资料与地震资料之间的匹配——波速频散校正.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(S1):72-75.Yi W Q,Song J J.The match between sonic logging data andseismic data-wave velocity dispersion correction.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1994,29(S1):72-75.
[10]杨文采.岩石的粘弹性谐振Q模型.地球物理学报,1987,30(4):399-411.Yang W C.A resonance Q model for viscoelastic rocks.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1987,30(4):399-411.
[11]Kjartansson E.Thermal relaxation,an attenuation mechanismfor porous rocks.EOS Trans AGU,1978,59:324.
[12]Mason W P.Internal friction mechanism that produces anattenuation in the Earth’s crust proportional to thefrequency.J.Geophys.Res.,1971,74:4963-4966.
[13]Futterman W I.Dispersive body waves.J.Geophys.Res.,1962,67(13):5279-5291.
[14]Winkler K W,Nur A.Effects of pore fluids and frictional-sliding.Geophysics,1982,47(1):1-15.
[15]Meissner R,Theilen F.Attenuation properties of sediments.11th World Petroleum Congress,London.1983.
[16]杨斌,鲁洪江,梁珀等.地震标定中的测井资料精细处理方法及应用.物探化探计算技术,2009,31(4):349-353.Yang B,Lu H J,Liang B,et al.Study of well logs fineprocessing methods and its application to seismic calibration.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration(in Chinese),2009,31(4):349-353.
[17]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074-1082.Ma Z J,Liu Y.A summary of research on seismicattenuation.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1074-1082.
[18]严又生,宜明理,魏新等.井间地震速度和Q值联合层析成像及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):9-17.Yan Y S,Yi M L,Wei X,et al.Joint tomographic imagingfor cross-hole seismic velocity and Q value.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(1):9-17.
[19]宋常瑜,裴正林,狄帮让等.小波多尺度井间地震衰减层析成像.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):30-33.Song C Y,Pei Z L,Di B R,et al.Multi-scaled seismic-attenuated cross-hole tomographic imaging of wavelet.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,42(1):30-33.
[20]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):853-861.Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extractionusing instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of directwaves of VSP data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):853-861.
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