新疆博格达山北缘阜康南断裂带古牧地段晚第四纪活动特征
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摘要
新疆博格达山北缘阜康南断裂带古牧地断裂段是发育在古牧地背斜北翼的逆冲断裂,由南倾的主干断裂和南侧的反冲断裂组成,晚第四纪以来断裂新活动性明显,地表形成一系列的地质地貌现象。文章在大红沟附近通过变形阶地测量、探槽开挖和热释光(TL)年代测定,获得古牧地断裂晚更新世末期以来的平均垂直滑动速率为0.27mm/a左右,全新世以来的平均垂直滑动速率为0.13～0.18mm/a,速率明显变小。古地震研究表明,古牧地断裂晚第四纪以来有过多次活动,最新一次古地震事件的垂直错距在1.4m左右,离逝时间已达8ka以上。古牧地断裂全新世以来的运动速率偏低,很可能意味着该断裂需要一次强震来释放存储的弹性应变,表明古牧地断裂具有很大的地震危险性。
The Gumudi fault is located on the northwest margin of the Bogda arcuate nappe structure and is a westward ending part of the South Fukang fault belt. It is about 15km long,comprising a main fault dipping to the south and a secondary recoil fault dipping to the north. The fault has had very obvious activities since late Quaternary, generating a series of apparent geomorphic traces on the surface. In this paper, its Late-Quaternary deformaion characteristics were studied by detailed analyses of offset terraces and deformed alluvial fans and by thermoluminescence dating. Displacements of river terraces and alluvial fans widely occurred along the Gumudi fault segment. At Dahonggou,the second-level terrace was offset across the fault,with a vertical distance of 6m, but the first-level terrace is very flat without any deformation. However, the sandy gravel at the bottom of the first-level terrace was dislocated about 1.4m. According to the vertical offsets and related TL dating results, the average vertical slip rate of the Gumudi fault was calculated to be about 0.27mm/a since Late Pleistocene and 0.13～0. 18mm/a since Holocene. It is obvious that the slip rate of the fault since Holocene is smaller than that since Pleistocene. According to studies of paleoearthquakes,the vertical displacement caused by the last paleoearthquake along the Gumudi fault was about 1.4m and the elapsed time was more than 8ka. If the fault once initiated a strong earthquake with a vertical displacement of about 1.5m in the short term, its slip rate since Holocene will be close to that since Late Pleistocene. The low slip rate since Holocene is likely to mean that the fault would need a strong earthquake to release the stored elastic strain. Therefore,it is suggested that the Gumudi fault would have great seismic hazard.
The Gumudi fault is located on the northwest margin of the Bogda arcuate nappe structure and is a westward ending part of the South Fukang fault belt. It is about 15km long,comprising a main fault dipping to the south and a secondary recoil fault dipping to the north. The fault has had very obvious activities since late Quaternary, generating a series of apparent geomorphic traces on the surface. In this paper, its Late-Quaternary deformaion characteristics were studied by detailed analyses of offset terraces and deformed alluvial fans and by thermoluminescence dating. Displacements of river terraces and alluvial fans widely occurred along the Gumudi fault segment. At Dahonggou,the second-level terrace was offset across the fault,with a vertical distance of 6m, but the first-level terrace is very flat without any deformation. However, the sandy gravel at the bottom of the first-level terrace was dislocated about 1.4m. According to the vertical offsets and related TL dating results, the average vertical slip rate of the Gumudi fault was calculated to be about 0.27mm/a since Late Pleistocene and 0.13～0. 18mm/a since Holocene. It is obvious that the slip rate of the fault since Holocene is smaller than that since Pleistocene. According to studies of paleoearthquakes,the vertical displacement caused by the last paleoearthquake along the Gumudi fault was about 1.4m and the elapsed time was more than 8ka. If the fault once initiated a strong earthquake with a vertical displacement of about 1.5m in the short term, its slip rate since Holocene will be close to that since Late Pleistocene. The low slip rate since Holocene is likely to mean that the fault would need a strong earthquake to release the stored elastic strain. Therefore,it is suggested that the Gumudi fault would have great seismic hazard.
引文
1 邓起东,冯先岳,张培震等著.天山活动构造.北京:地震出版 社,2000． 1-399 Deng Qidong,Feng Xianyue,Zhang Peizhen et al.Active Tectonics of Tianshan.Beijing:Seismological Press,2000． 1-399
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4 伍致中,郭富贤.再论博格达推覆构造与油气.新疆地质,1991,9(1) :40-49 Wu Zhizhong,Guo Fuxian.Second discussion of Bogda nappe tectonic and its oil-gas accumulation.Xinjiang Geology,1991,9(1) :40-49
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11 冯先岳著.新疆古地震.乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1997． 228-229 Feng Xianyue.The Paleoearthquakes in Xinjiang Region,China. urumqi.Xinjiang:Sci-Tech and Public Health Press,1997． 228-229
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2 杨晓平,邓起东,张培震等.天山山前主要推覆构造区的地壳缩短.地震地质,2008,30(1) :111-131 Yang Xiaoping,Deng Qidong,Zhang Peizhen et al.Crustal shortening of major nappe structures on the fornt margins of the Tianshan.Seismology and Geology,2008,30(1) :111-131
3 汪一鹏,沈军.天山北麓活动构造基本特征.新疆地质,2000,18(3) :203-210 Wang Yipeng,Shen Jun.Basic features of active structures at the northern foothill of Tianshan Mountains,China.Xinfiang Geology,2000,18(3) :203-210
4 伍致中,郭富贤.再论博格达推覆构造与油气.新疆地质,1991,9(1) :40-49 Wu Zhizhong,Guo Fuxian.Second discussion of Bogda nappe tectonic and its oil-gas accumulation.Xinjiang Geology,1991,9(1) :40-49
5 栾超群,罗福忠,胡军等.新疆博格达山北麓山前断裂西段的断裂组成及其在全新世时期的活动.内陆地震,1998,12(4) :355-361 Luan Chaoqun,Luo Fuzhong,Hu Jun et al.The structures and activities in Holocene on the western segments of Northern Bogeda Fault in Xinjiang.Inland Earthquake,1998,12 (4) :355-361
6 尤惠川,任利生,张玉梅.新疆阜康-吉术萨尔断裂带的几何特征与活动性研究.地震地质,2003,25(3) :375-384 You Huichuan,Ren Lisheng,Zhang Yumei.Structural geometry and activities of the Fukang-Jimsar fualt zone,Xinjiang.Seismology and Geology,2003,25 (3) :375-384
7 柏美祥,范芳琴,吴晓莉等.博格达山北麓活动构造.内陆地震,1997,11(1) :16-21 Bai Meixiang,Fan Fangqin,Wu Xiaoli et al.The active tectonics in northern apron of Bogeda Mountain.Inland Earthquake,1997,11(1) :16-21
8 栾超群,罗福忠,胡军等.新疆古牧地断裂全新世的断错活动.内陆地震,1998,12(2) :133-141 Luan Chaoqun,Luo Fuzhong,Hu Jun et al.The dislocating activity of Gumudi active Fault in Xinjiang in Holocene.Inland Earthquake,1998,12(2) :133-141
9 尤惠川,任利生,陈国星等.东天山阜康断裂的变形方式与全新世滑动速率.中国地震,2002,18(3) :239-248 You Huichuan,Ren Lisheng,Chen Guoxing et al.Activity forms and slip rates of Fukang fault.Earthquake Research in China,2002,18(3) :239-248
10 罗福忠,阮成雯,方伟.新疆博格达山北缘现今构造运动特征.内陆地震,2006,20(2) :109-114 Luo Fuzhong,Ruan Chenwen,Fang Wei.Modern tectonic motion character on the northern verge of Bogurda Mountain,in Xinjiang.Inland Earthquake,2006,20 (2) :109-114
11 冯先岳著.新疆古地震.乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1997． 228-229 Feng Xianyue.The Paleoearthquakes in Xinjiang Region,China. urumqi.Xinjiang:Sci-Tech and Public Health Press,1997． 228-229
12 张红艳,谢富仁,崔效锋等.乌鲁木齐地区活动断层滑动与现代构造应力场.中国地震,2006,22(3) :259-268 Zhang Hongyan,Xie Furen,Cui Xiaofeng et al.Active fault sliding and recent tectonic stress field in the urumqi area.Earthquake Research in China,2006,22(3) :259-268
13 李晓妮,卢演俦,王旭龙.洛川黄土细颗粒混合矿物红外释光信号异常衰减的初步研究.第四纪研究,2007,27(4) :553-558 Li Xiaoni,Lu Yanchou,Wang Xulong.A preliminary study of anomalous fading of polymineral grain IRSL signals from the Luochuan loess.Quaternary Sciences,2007,27 (4) :553-558
14 覃金堂,周力平.沙漠边缘厚层黄土上部光释光测年的初步研究.第四纪研究,2007,27(4) :546-552 Qin Jintang,Zhou Liping.Optically stimulated luminescence dating of upper part of a thick loess section at Caoxian near the northern desert of China.Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(4) :546-552
15 范育新,赵晖,陈发虎等.博斯腾湖湖泊沉积物光释光年代测量.第四纪研究,2007,27(4) :568-575 Fan Yuxin,Zhao Hui,Chen Fahu et al.OSL dating of lacustrine sediments from Lake Bosten.Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(4) :568-575
16 鹿化煜,周亚利,Mason J等.中国北方晚第四纪气候变化的沙漠与黄土记录--以光释光年代为基础的直接对比.第四纪研究,2006,26(6) :888-894 Lu Huayu,Zhou Yali,Mason J et al.Late Quaternary climatic changes in Northern China--New evidences from sand dune and loess records based on optically stimulated luminescence dating.Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(6) :888-894
17 赖忠平.基于光释光测年的中国黄土中氧同位素阶段2/1和3/2界限位置及年代的确定.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :883-891 Lai Zhongping.Locating and dating the boundaries of MIS 2/1 and 3/2 in Chinese loess using luminescence techniques.Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4) :883-891
18 Rittenour T M,Goble R J,Blum M D.An optical age chronology of Late Pleistocene fluvial deposits in the northern lower Mississippi valley.Quaternary Science Reviews,2003,22:1105-1110
19 Preusser F.Luminescence dating of fluvial sediments and overbank deposits from Gossau,Switzerland:Fine grain dating.Quaternary Geochronology,1999,18:217-222
20 Bourke M C,Child A,Stokes S.Optical age estimates for hyper-arid fluvial deposits at Homeb,Namibia.Quaternary Science Reviews,2003． 22:1099-1103
21 张家富,莫多闻,夏正楷等.沉积物的光释光测年和对沉积过程的指示意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(1) :23-33 Zhang Jiafu,Mo Duowen,Xia Zhengkai et al.Optical dating of sediments from China and its implication for depositional processes.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(1) :23-33
22 李国强,赵晖,文星等.钾长石矿物在全新世样品光释光测年中的应用与校正问题.第四纪研究,2010,30(1) :54-61 Li Guoqiang,Zhao Hui,Wen Xing et al.IRSL dating and correction for Holocene samples with K-feldspar.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30 (1) :54-61
23 何忠,周杰,赖忠平等.石英光释光测年揭示的晚第四纪毛乌素沙地演化.第四纪研究,2009,29(4) :744-754 He Zhong,Zhou Jie,Lai Zhongping et al.Late Pleistocene sand dune development and climatic changes in the Mu Us Desert,China based on luminescence dating.Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(4) :744-754
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