基于常规测井数据的纵波本征衰减估计
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摘要
地震波本征衰减反映了地层及其所含流体的一些特性,对油气勘探开发有重要意义.已有的理论研究与实验发现,地震频带内的衰减主要与中观尺度(波长与颗粒尺度之间)的斑状部分饱和、完全饱和岩石弹性非均匀性情况下波诱导的局部流体流有关.这种衰减与岩石骨架、孔隙度及充填流体的性质密切相关.本文着重讨论均匀流体分布、斑状或非均匀流体分布两种情况下部分饱和岩石的纵波模量差异.以经典岩石物理理论和衰减机制认识为基础,通过分析低频松弛状态、高频非松弛状态岩石的弹性模量,讨论储层参数(如孔隙度、泥质含量以及含水饱和度等)与纵波衰减之间的确定性关系.上述方法与模型在陆相砂泥岩地层与海相碳酸盐岩地层中的适用性通过常规测井资料得到了初步验证.
As a response of property of layer and fluid,seismic intrinsic attenuation is very important for oil and gas exploration.An original theory of attenuation mechanism and experiment imply that attenuation in seismic range has some relation with middle scale's(between wave and grain) partial patches water saturation and heterogeneity in pore reservoir or in full water saturation rocks.It is caused by portion liquid flow which was generated during wave propagation.This kind of attenuation has an intimate relation with porosity,fluid and solid matrix.This paper is focus on the difference of P-wave modulus in both homogeneous rocks and patchy saturation or called heterogeneity rocks.Based on rock physics theory and attenuation analysis method raised recently,we tried to find the relationship between P-wave attenuation and reservoir parameter(such as porosity,clay content and saturation et al.) by analyzing elastic modulus in low frequency and high frequency,which also called relaxed and unrelaxed condition in water saturation rocks.The expediency of above method and model has been originally proved by standard well log data.
As a response of property of layer and fluid,seismic intrinsic attenuation is very important for oil and gas exploration.An original theory of attenuation mechanism and experiment imply that attenuation in seismic range has some relation with middle scale's(between wave and grain) partial patches water saturation and heterogeneity in pore reservoir or in full water saturation rocks.It is caused by portion liquid flow which was generated during wave propagation.This kind of attenuation has an intimate relation with porosity,fluid and solid matrix.This paper is focus on the difference of P-wave modulus in both homogeneous rocks and patchy saturation or called heterogeneity rocks.Based on rock physics theory and attenuation analysis method raised recently,we tried to find the relationship between P-wave attenuation and reservoir parameter(such as porosity,clay content and saturation et al.) by analyzing elastic modulus in low frequency and high frequency,which also called relaxed and unrelaxed condition in water saturation rocks.The expediency of above method and model has been originally proved by standard well log data.
引文
[1]Backus G E.Long-wave elastic anisotropy produced by horizontallayering.Journal of Geophysical Research,1962,67(11):427-440.
[2]Dvorkin J P.Seismic wave attenuation in a methane hydratereservoir.The Leading Edge,2004,23:730-732.
[3]Dvorkin J P and Mavko G.Modeling Attenuation in Reservoirand Non-reservoir Rock.The Leading Edge,2006,25:194-196.
[4]Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J P.Rock Physics Handbook-Tools for seismic analysis in porous media.CambridgeUniversity press,1998.
[5]Mavko G,Chan C,and Mukerji T.Fluid substitution:Estimating changes in Vp without knowing Vs.Geophysics,1995,60:1750-1755.
[6]Mavko G,Dvorkin J.A Rock Physics and Attenuation Analysis ofa Well from the Gulf of Mexico.SEG 1997 ExpandedAbstracts.
[7]Pride S R,Harris J M,Johnson D L,et al.Permeabilitydependence of seismic amplitudes.The Leading Edge,2003,22:698-698.
[8]Rapoport M B.Interpretation of seismic inelasticity effects inoil and gas prospecting.SEG 1995Expanded Abstracts.
[9]Rapoport M B.Oil prospecting using seismic attributes aspredictors of reservoir properties and fluid saturation.SEG1997Expanded Abstracts.
[10]Rapoport M B,Rapoport L I,Ryjkov V I.Direct detection ofoil and gas fields based on seismic inelasticity effect.TheLeading Edge,2004,23:276-278.
[11]Sun X,Tang X,Cheng C H,et al.P-and S-wave attenuationlogs from monopole sonic data.Geophysics,2000,65:755-765.
[12]Turner G,Siggins A F.Constant Q attenuation of subsurfaceradar pulses.Geophysics,1994,59:1192-1200.
[13]Tai S H.Attenuation estimation with continuous wavelettransforms,SEG 2006Expanded Abstracts.
[14]White J E,Mikhaylova N.G.,Lyakhovitskiy F.M.Low-frequency seismic waves in fluid saturated layered rocks.Physics of the Solid Earth,1975,11:654-659.
[15]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):853-861.Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extractionusing instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of directwaves of VSP data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in China),2008,51(3):853-861.
[16]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898.Li H B,Zhao W Z,Cao H,et al.Characteristic of seismicattenuation of gas reservoir in wavelet domain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):892-898.
[17]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074-1082.Ma Z J,Liu Y.A summary of research on seismicattenuation.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1074-1082.
[18]刘建华,胥颐,郝天珧.地震波衰减的物理机制研究.地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):001-007.Liu J H,Xu Y,Hao T Y.Study on physical mechanism ofthe seismic wave attenuation.Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(1):001-007.
[19]杨文采.岩石的粘弹性谐振Q模型.地球物理学报,1987,30(4):399-411.Yang W C.A resonance Q model for viscoelastic rocks.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1987,30(4):399-411.
[20]喻振华,冯德山,汤井田.地震波速与吸收系数综合层析成像.地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1338-1341.Yu Z H,Feng D S,Tang J T.The seismic tomography ofcombining velocity and absorption coefficient.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1338-1341.
[21]安勇,牟永光,方朝亮.沉积岩的速度、衰减与岩石物理性质间的关系.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):188-192.An Y,Mu Y G,Fang C L.Relationship betweenattenuation,velocity of sedimentary rocks and petrophysicalproperty.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2006,41(2):188-192.
[22]王小杰,印兴耀.基于零相位子波地层Q值估计.地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2090-2098.Wang X J,Yin X Y,Estimation of layer quality factors basedon zero-phase wavelet.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,26(6):2090-2098.
[23]刘炯,马坚伟,杨慧珠.周期成层Patchy模型中纵波的频散和衰减研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(11):2879-2885.Liu J,Ma J W,Yang H Z.Research on dispersion andattenuation of P wave in periodic layered-model with patchysaturation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(11):2879-2885.
[24]巴晶,卢明辉,胡彬等.粘弹双相介质中的松弛骨架模型.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1527-1537.Ba J,Lu M H,Hu B,et al.The skeleton relaxed model forporoviscoelastic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1527-1537.
[25]聂建新,杨顶辉,杨慧珠.基于非饱和多孔隙介质BISQ模型的储层参数反演.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1101-1105.Nie J X,Yang D H,Yang H Z.Inversion of reservoirparameters based on the BISQ model in partially saturatedporous media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1101-1105.
[2]Dvorkin J P.Seismic wave attenuation in a methane hydratereservoir.The Leading Edge,2004,23:730-732.
[3]Dvorkin J P and Mavko G.Modeling Attenuation in Reservoirand Non-reservoir Rock.The Leading Edge,2006,25:194-196.
[4]Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J P.Rock Physics Handbook-Tools for seismic analysis in porous media.CambridgeUniversity press,1998.
[5]Mavko G,Chan C,and Mukerji T.Fluid substitution:Estimating changes in Vp without knowing Vs.Geophysics,1995,60:1750-1755.
[6]Mavko G,Dvorkin J.A Rock Physics and Attenuation Analysis ofa Well from the Gulf of Mexico.SEG 1997 ExpandedAbstracts.
[7]Pride S R,Harris J M,Johnson D L,et al.Permeabilitydependence of seismic amplitudes.The Leading Edge,2003,22:698-698.
[8]Rapoport M B.Interpretation of seismic inelasticity effects inoil and gas prospecting.SEG 1995Expanded Abstracts.
[9]Rapoport M B.Oil prospecting using seismic attributes aspredictors of reservoir properties and fluid saturation.SEG1997Expanded Abstracts.
[10]Rapoport M B,Rapoport L I,Ryjkov V I.Direct detection ofoil and gas fields based on seismic inelasticity effect.TheLeading Edge,2004,23:276-278.
[11]Sun X,Tang X,Cheng C H,et al.P-and S-wave attenuationlogs from monopole sonic data.Geophysics,2000,65:755-765.
[12]Turner G,Siggins A F.Constant Q attenuation of subsurfaceradar pulses.Geophysics,1994,59:1192-1200.
[13]Tai S H.Attenuation estimation with continuous wavelettransforms,SEG 2006Expanded Abstracts.
[14]White J E,Mikhaylova N.G.,Lyakhovitskiy F.M.Low-frequency seismic waves in fluid saturated layered rocks.Physics of the Solid Earth,1975,11:654-659.
[15]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):853-861.Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extractionusing instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of directwaves of VSP data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in China),2008,51(3):853-861.
[16]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898.Li H B,Zhao W Z,Cao H,et al.Characteristic of seismicattenuation of gas reservoir in wavelet domain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):892-898.
[17]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074-1082.Ma Z J,Liu Y.A summary of research on seismicattenuation.Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1074-1082.
[18]刘建华,胥颐,郝天珧.地震波衰减的物理机制研究.地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):001-007.Liu J H,Xu Y,Hao T Y.Study on physical mechanism ofthe seismic wave attenuation.Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(1):001-007.
[19]杨文采.岩石的粘弹性谐振Q模型.地球物理学报,1987,30(4):399-411.Yang W C.A resonance Q model for viscoelastic rocks.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1987,30(4):399-411.
[20]喻振华,冯德山,汤井田.地震波速与吸收系数综合层析成像.地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1338-1341.Yu Z H,Feng D S,Tang J T.The seismic tomography ofcombining velocity and absorption coefficient.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1338-1341.
[21]安勇,牟永光,方朝亮.沉积岩的速度、衰减与岩石物理性质间的关系.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):188-192.An Y,Mu Y G,Fang C L.Relationship betweenattenuation,velocity of sedimentary rocks and petrophysicalproperty.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2006,41(2):188-192.
[22]王小杰,印兴耀.基于零相位子波地层Q值估计.地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2090-2098.Wang X J,Yin X Y,Estimation of layer quality factors basedon zero-phase wavelet.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,26(6):2090-2098.
[23]刘炯,马坚伟,杨慧珠.周期成层Patchy模型中纵波的频散和衰减研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(11):2879-2885.Liu J,Ma J W,Yang H Z.Research on dispersion andattenuation of P wave in periodic layered-model with patchysaturation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(11):2879-2885.
[24]巴晶,卢明辉,胡彬等.粘弹双相介质中的松弛骨架模型.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1527-1537.Ba J,Lu M H,Hu B,et al.The skeleton relaxed model forporoviscoelastic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1527-1537.
[25]聂建新,杨顶辉,杨慧珠.基于非饱和多孔隙介质BISQ模型的储层参数反演.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1101-1105.Nie J X,Yang D H,Yang H Z.Inversion of reservoirparameters based on the BISQ model in partially saturatedporous media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1101-1105.
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