黑龙江地区背景噪声面波群速度层析成像
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摘要
本文选取黑龙江省台网及吉林、内蒙古部分台站共44个固定地震台站连续2年的地震数据,利用两个台站间互相关方法获得瑞利面波经验格林函数,再用自适应时频分析方法提取群速度频散曲线,最后利用传统面波层析成像方法反演获得黑龙江地区周期为8～40s范围内群速度分布图像.反演结果揭示黑龙江地区地壳及上地幔群速度结构存在明显横向不均匀性.短周期群速度异常与研究区内山脉、盆地和断层带的分布有较好的对应关系:8～20s群速度显著低速异常显示松辽盆地具有较厚的沉积层.周期为16～25s的高、低速度异常区的反转反映了大兴安岭地区莫霍面深度大于松辽盆地.周期为30～40s群速度分布图像较好地体现深部构造与浅部构造的对应关系,尤其是观测到了依兰一伊通断裂带以东区域可能反映上地幔物质活动的低速异常.本研究也为进一步结合传统天然地震面波成像方法,获取该区域地壳和上地幔三维剪切波速度结构奠定基础,对研究东北地区构造活动以及探讨深源地震分布和成因具有重要科学意义.
We have inverted for the Rayleigh wave group velocity distribution of Heilongjiang province at periods of 8～40s using ambient noise tomography.Two-years continuous data used in this study are from 44 permanent seismic stations of the Heilongjiang Regional Seismic Network and adjacent stations in Jilin and Inner Mongolia provinces.Green's functions were first extracted from cross-correlations of data at adjacent stations and group velocity dispersion measurements were then made using the frequency-time analysis method.Our results show significant lateral variations in crustal and uppermost mantle structures of the region.Group velocity anomalies at short periods correlate well with the surface geology of basins and mountains.The strong slow velocity anomaly at periods of 8～20 s beneath the Songliao basin suggests a rather thick sediment deposit.The reverse phenomenon of the fast and slow group velocity anomalies at periods of 16～25 s indicates that the Moho beneath the Greater Higgnan Mountains is at deeper depth than that in the Songliao basin.Slow velocity anomalies at long periods of 30～40s were observed beneath the eastern area of the northern extension of the Tanlu fault zone,indicating upper mantle activities there such as localized asthenospheric upwelling. The work reported here has completed an important step towards incorporating teleseismic surface wave inversion of the crust and mantle structures of this northeast China region which could provide important observational constraints in understanding the tectonic process at the surface and distribution and origin of deep earthquakes beneath the region.
We have inverted for the Rayleigh wave group velocity distribution of Heilongjiang province at periods of 8～40s using ambient noise tomography.Two-years continuous data used in this study are from 44 permanent seismic stations of the Heilongjiang Regional Seismic Network and adjacent stations in Jilin and Inner Mongolia provinces.Green's functions were first extracted from cross-correlations of data at adjacent stations and group velocity dispersion measurements were then made using the frequency-time analysis method.Our results show significant lateral variations in crustal and uppermost mantle structures of the region.Group velocity anomalies at short periods correlate well with the surface geology of basins and mountains.The strong slow velocity anomaly at periods of 8～20 s beneath the Songliao basin suggests a rather thick sediment deposit.The reverse phenomenon of the fast and slow group velocity anomalies at periods of 16～25 s indicates that the Moho beneath the Greater Higgnan Mountains is at deeper depth than that in the Songliao basin.Slow velocity anomalies at long periods of 30～40s were observed beneath the eastern area of the northern extension of the Tanlu fault zone,indicating upper mantle activities there such as localized asthenospheric upwelling. The work reported here has completed an important step towards incorporating teleseismic surface wave inversion of the crust and mantle structures of this northeast China region which could provide important observational constraints in understanding the tectonic process at the surface and distribution and origin of deep earthquakes beneath the region.
引文
[1]潘桂棠,肖庆辉,陆松年等.中国大地构造单元划分.中国地质,2009,36(1):1-28 Pan G T,Xiao Q H,Lu S N,et al.Subdivision of tectonic units in China.Geology in China(in Chinese),2009,36 (1):1--28
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[16]Yang Y,Li A,Ritzwoller M H.Crustal and uppermost mantle structure in southern Africa revealed from ambient noise and teleseismic tomography.Geophys.J.Int.,2008, 174(1):235-248
[17]Yao H,Vander Hilst R D,De Hoop M V.Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two station analysis -Ⅰ.Phase velocity maps.Geophys.J. Int.,2006,166(2):732-744
[18]房立华,吴建平,吕作勇.华北地区基于噪声的瑞利面波群速度层析成像.地球物理学报,2009,52(3):663-671 Fang L H,Wu J P,L(u|¨) Z Y.Rayleigh wave group velocity ??tomography from ambient seismic noise in North China. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):663-671
[19]Fang L H,Wu J P,Ding Z F,et al.High resolution Rayleigh wave group velocity tomography in North-China from ambient seismic noise.Geophys.J.Int.,2010,181(2): 1171-1182,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04571.x
[20]Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,et al.Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dispersion measurements.Geophys.J.Int., 2007,169(3):1239-1260
[21]Barmin M P,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A L.A fast and reliable method for surface wave tomography.Pure Appl. Geophys.,2001,158(8):1351-1375
[22]任战利.中国北方沉积盆地构造热演化史恢复及其对比研究[博士论文].西安:西北大学地质学系,1998 Ren Z L.Comparative research on tectonical thermal history of sedimentary basins in the North China[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Xi'an:Department of Geology,Northwest University, 1998
[23]唐有彩.华北克拉通深部构造地震台阵研究[博士论文].北京:北京大学地球物理学系,2010 Tang Y C.Seismic array study of lithospheric structure of North China Craton[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing: Geophysics Department of Peking University,2010
[24]江为为,周立宏,肖敦清等.东北地区重磁场与地壳结构特征.地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):730-738 Jiang W W,Zhou L H,Xiao D Q,et al.The characteristics of crust structure and the gravity and magnetic fields in northeast region of China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):730-738
[25]Chen L,Zheng T Y,Xu W W.A thinned lithospheric image of the Tanlu Fault Zone,eastern China:Constructed from wave equation based receiver function migration.J.Geophys. Res.,2006,111(B09312),doi:10.1029/2005JB003974
[2]程三友.中国东北地区区域构造特征与中、新生代盆地演化[博士论文].北京:中国地质大学构造地质学系,2006 Cheng S Y.Regional tectonic characters and Meso-Cenozoic basin evolution in Northeastern China[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Structural Geology Department of China University of Geosciences,2006
[3]杜晓娟,孟令顺,张明仁.利用重力场研究东北地区断裂分布及构造分区.地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(2):200-206 Du X J,Meng L S,Zhang M R.Research on fault distribution and tectonic divisions in Northeast China in terms of gravity field.Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment (in Chinese),2009,31(2):200-206
[4]刘若新,樊祺诚,魏海泉等.中国活火山研究.地质论评, 1999,45:3-15 Liu R X,Fan Q C,Wei H Q,et al.Study on active volcanoes of China.Geological Review(in Chinese),1999,45:3-15
[5]鄢家全,贾素娟.我国东北和华北地区中强地震潜在震源区的划分原则和方法.中国地震,1996,12(2):173-194 Yan J Q,Jia S J.The principle and methodology of delination of potential seismic sources for moderate earthquakes in Northeast and North China.Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese),1996,12(2):173-194
[6]王兆国,刘财,冯晅等.中国东北地区地震空间分布与主要断裂带、深部构造及应力场关系.世界地质,2009,28(4): 513-519 Wang Z G,Liu C,Feng X,et al.Earthquake space distribution and its relationships with main faults,deep structure and stress field in Northeast China.Global Geology (in Chinese),2009,28(4):513-519
[7]Nakahara H.A systematic study of theoretical relations between spatial correlation and Green's function in one-,two- and three-dimensional random scalar wavefields.Geophys. J.Int.,2006,167(3):1097-1105
[8]Nakahara H.Theoretical background of retrieving Green's function by cross-correlation:one-dimensional case.Geophys.J. Int.,2006,165(3):719-728
[9]Weaver R L.Ward identities and the retrieval of Green's functions in the correlations of a diffuse field.Wave Motion, 2008,45(5):596-604
[10]Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.High-resolution surface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise.Science, 2005,307(5715):1615-1618
[11]Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Yang Y.A 3-D shear velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the United States from ambient seismic noise.Geophys.J.Int.,2009, 177(3):1177-1196
[12]Yang Y,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A L,et al.Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography across Europe.Geophys.J. Int.,2007,168(1):259-274
[13]Li H,Su W,Wang C,et al.Ambient noise Rayleigh wave tomography in western Sichuan and eastern Tibet.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2009,282(1--4):201-211
[14]Saygin E,Kennett B L N.Ambient seismic noise tomography of Australian continent.Tectonophysics,2010,481(1--4): 116-125
[15]Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Shapiro N M.Broad-band ambient noise surface wave tomography across the United States.J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113,B05306,doi:10.1029/ 2007JB005248
[16]Yang Y,Li A,Ritzwoller M H.Crustal and uppermost mantle structure in southern Africa revealed from ambient noise and teleseismic tomography.Geophys.J.Int.,2008, 174(1):235-248
[17]Yao H,Vander Hilst R D,De Hoop M V.Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two station analysis -Ⅰ.Phase velocity maps.Geophys.J. Int.,2006,166(2):732-744
[18]房立华,吴建平,吕作勇.华北地区基于噪声的瑞利面波群速度层析成像.地球物理学报,2009,52(3):663-671 Fang L H,Wu J P,L(u|¨) Z Y.Rayleigh wave group velocity ??tomography from ambient seismic noise in North China. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):663-671
[19]Fang L H,Wu J P,Ding Z F,et al.High resolution Rayleigh wave group velocity tomography in North-China from ambient seismic noise.Geophys.J.Int.,2010,181(2): 1171-1182,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04571.x
[20]Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,et al.Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dispersion measurements.Geophys.J.Int., 2007,169(3):1239-1260
[21]Barmin M P,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A L.A fast and reliable method for surface wave tomography.Pure Appl. Geophys.,2001,158(8):1351-1375
[22]任战利.中国北方沉积盆地构造热演化史恢复及其对比研究[博士论文].西安:西北大学地质学系,1998 Ren Z L.Comparative research on tectonical thermal history of sedimentary basins in the North China[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Xi'an:Department of Geology,Northwest University, 1998
[23]唐有彩.华北克拉通深部构造地震台阵研究[博士论文].北京:北京大学地球物理学系,2010 Tang Y C.Seismic array study of lithospheric structure of North China Craton[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing: Geophysics Department of Peking University,2010
[24]江为为,周立宏,肖敦清等.东北地区重磁场与地壳结构特征.地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):730-738 Jiang W W,Zhou L H,Xiao D Q,et al.The characteristics of crust structure and the gravity and magnetic fields in northeast region of China.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):730-738
[25]Chen L,Zheng T Y,Xu W W.A thinned lithospheric image of the Tanlu Fault Zone,eastern China:Constructed from wave equation based receiver function migration.J.Geophys. Res.,2006,111(B09312),doi:10.1029/2005JB003974
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