浅层折射波勘探中初至自动拾取新算法
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摘要
地震波初至拾取是地震勘探中广泛应用的基础技术,尤其在浅层折射波勘探和层析成像中初至时间拾取精度直接影响地下地层结构的反演结果。由于初至时间对应的并不总是能量比最大值(可能是次极值),以往的滑动时窗能量比法仅根据前后两个滑动时窗能量比的最大值判断初至时间,造成对低信噪比数据的拾取效果不理想,而对高信噪比数据则难以检测能量较弱的折射波。基于此,本文提出多时窗能量比初至拾取算法,该算法在实现过程中结合应用自动质量控制技术,满足了浅层折射波勘探的初至拾取精度要求,且具有较高的稳定性。将该方法应用于准噶尔盆地中部M区地震勘探,取得了非常好的效果。
The first-break picking is a basic technique widely used for seismic exploration.Especially it plays an important role in refraction wave exploration and tomographic imaging.In the exploration interpretation,first-break times are directly related to the inversion result of the underground formation's velocity or slowness.In a conventional way,first-breaks in the sliding time-windows energy ratio method are determined by the maximum energy ratio of two adjacent sliding time-windows.For low S/N data,the picking up effect is not ideal.For high S/N data,it often fails to detect the weak refraction waves.The first arrival time is not necessarily corresponding to the energy ratio maximum value(they may be secondary time energy ratio of extreme value).Therefore,the sliding time-windows energy ratio of first-break picking algorithm is not stable.Based on this cognition,we put forward multi time-windows energy ratio of first-break picking algorithm.The method has the advantage of higher stability.It combines with automatic quality control technology in the implementation process of algorithm,and meets the first-break picking request of the shallow refraction wave exploration.This method is applied to the exploration of the central part of Junggar Basin,and the results are encouraging.
The first-break picking is a basic technique widely used for seismic exploration.Especially it plays an important role in refraction wave exploration and tomographic imaging.In the exploration interpretation,first-break times are directly related to the inversion result of the underground formation's velocity or slowness.In a conventional way,first-breaks in the sliding time-windows energy ratio method are determined by the maximum energy ratio of two adjacent sliding time-windows.For low S/N data,the picking up effect is not ideal.For high S/N data,it often fails to detect the weak refraction waves.The first arrival time is not necessarily corresponding to the energy ratio maximum value(they may be secondary time energy ratio of extreme value).Therefore,the sliding time-windows energy ratio of first-break picking algorithm is not stable.Based on this cognition,we put forward multi time-windows energy ratio of first-break picking algorithm.The method has the advantage of higher stability.It combines with automatic quality control technology in the implementation process of algorithm,and meets the first-break picking request of the shallow refraction wave exploration.This method is applied to the exploration of the central part of Junggar Basin,and the results are encouraging.
引文
[1]Gelchinsky B and Shtivelman V.Automatic picking offirst arrivals and parameterization of travel timecurves.Geophysical Prospecting,1983,31(6):915～928
[2]Peraldi R and Clement A.Digital processing of refrac-tion data study of first arrival.Geophysical Prospec-ting,1972,20(3):529～548
[3]Coppens F.First arrival picking on common-offsettrace collections for automatic estimation of static cor-rections.Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(8):1212～1231
[4]牛沛琛,张建中.基于数字图像处理的地震波初至时间检测.计算机与现代化,2007,140(4):27～30Niu Peichen,Zhang Jianzhong.First arrival pickingbased on image processing methods.Computer andModernization,2007,140(4):27～30
[5]Michael D McCormack,David E Zaucha and Dennis WDushek.First-break refraction event picking and seis-mic data trace editing using neural networks.Geo-physics,1993,58(1):67～78
[6]张伟,王海等.用变换时窗统计能量比法拾取地震初至波.物探与化探,2009,33(2):178～180Zhang Wei,Wang Hai et al.The application of statis-tic energy ratio of transform time windows to thepickup of seismic first arrival wave.Geophysical andGeochemical Exploration.2009,33(2):178～180
[7]刘志成.初至智能拾取技术.石油物探,2007,46(5):521～530Liu Zhicheng.First break intelligent picking tech-nique.GPP,2007,46(5):521～530
[8]江玉乐,钟本善.折射初至同相轴自动拾取.物探化探计算技术,1995,17(3):59～67Jiang Yule,Zhong Benshan.Automatic picking of theseismic first arrival.Computing Techniques for Geo-physical and Geochemical Exploration,1995,17(3):59～67
[9]左国平,王彦春,隋荣亮.利用能量比方法拾取地震初至的一种改进方法.石油物探,2004,43(4):345～Zuo Guoping,Wang Yanchun,Sui Rongliang.An im-proved method for first arrival pickup using energyratio.GPP,2004,43(4):345～
[10]张军华,赵勇等.用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波.物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4):309～312Zhang Junhua,Zhao Yong et al.Seismic first breakpickup using wavelet transform and power ratio meth-od.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geo-chemical Exploration,2002,24(4):309～312
[11]徐钰,段卫星,徐维秀等.高精度初至自动拾取综合方法研究.物探与化探,2010,34(5):595～599Xu Yu,Duan Weixing,Xu Weixiu et al.The improve-ment of automatic first break picking based on energyratio.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(5):595～599
[2]Peraldi R and Clement A.Digital processing of refrac-tion data study of first arrival.Geophysical Prospec-ting,1972,20(3):529～548
[3]Coppens F.First arrival picking on common-offsettrace collections for automatic estimation of static cor-rections.Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(8):1212～1231
[4]牛沛琛,张建中.基于数字图像处理的地震波初至时间检测.计算机与现代化,2007,140(4):27～30Niu Peichen,Zhang Jianzhong.First arrival pickingbased on image processing methods.Computer andModernization,2007,140(4):27～30
[5]Michael D McCormack,David E Zaucha and Dennis WDushek.First-break refraction event picking and seis-mic data trace editing using neural networks.Geo-physics,1993,58(1):67～78
[6]张伟,王海等.用变换时窗统计能量比法拾取地震初至波.物探与化探,2009,33(2):178～180Zhang Wei,Wang Hai et al.The application of statis-tic energy ratio of transform time windows to thepickup of seismic first arrival wave.Geophysical andGeochemical Exploration.2009,33(2):178～180
[7]刘志成.初至智能拾取技术.石油物探,2007,46(5):521～530Liu Zhicheng.First break intelligent picking tech-nique.GPP,2007,46(5):521～530
[8]江玉乐,钟本善.折射初至同相轴自动拾取.物探化探计算技术,1995,17(3):59～67Jiang Yule,Zhong Benshan.Automatic picking of theseismic first arrival.Computing Techniques for Geo-physical and Geochemical Exploration,1995,17(3):59～67
[9]左国平,王彦春,隋荣亮.利用能量比方法拾取地震初至的一种改进方法.石油物探,2004,43(4):345～Zuo Guoping,Wang Yanchun,Sui Rongliang.An im-proved method for first arrival pickup using energyratio.GPP,2004,43(4):345～
[10]张军华,赵勇等.用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波.物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4):309～312Zhang Junhua,Zhao Yong et al.Seismic first breakpickup using wavelet transform and power ratio meth-od.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geo-chemical Exploration,2002,24(4):309～312
[11]徐钰,段卫星,徐维秀等.高精度初至自动拾取综合方法研究.物探与化探,2010,34(5):595～599Xu Yu,Duan Weixing,Xu Weixiu et al.The improve-ment of automatic first break picking based on energyratio.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(5):595～599
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