塔西南昆仑山前冲断带甫沙—克里阳段构造特征与物理模拟
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摘要
受复杂地表条件影响,地震构造建模一直是塔西南昆仑山前冲断带油气勘探中的难点。基于野外地质调查、二维地震、钻井等资料,通过对二维地震剖面进行精细构造解释和生长地层分析,表明塔西南昆仑山前冲断带甫沙—克里阳段主要发育基底卷入式构造、阿尔伯特型构造三角带、被动顶板双重逆冲构造和断层转折褶皱等构造样式,塔西南昆仑山前3排背斜构造带自南向北依次发育于上新世早期、上新世中晚期和更新世早中期。在此基础上,提出了"双滑脱层-单向挤压"冲断构造发育模式,设计并开展了相应的砂箱物理模拟实验。实验结果表明,该模型能够较好地模拟塔西南昆仑山前冲断带甫沙—克里阳段的"前展式"构造变形过程和典型构造样式,物理模拟实验结果与地震构造解释模型吻合,西昆仑造山带隆升产生的强烈向北挤压力和双滑脱层地层结构是塔西南昆仑山前冲断带甫沙—克里阳段构造形成的2个关键因素。
The establishment of seismic structural models has been great difficulty in the petroleum exploration of southwestern Tarim Basin due to complicated surface conditions.The fine structural interpretation and growth formation analysis of 2D seismic sections in Fusha-Keliyang segment were performed based on outcrop survey,2D seismic data and drilling materials.The result shows that structural types of the western Kunlun foreland thrust belt mainly include thick-skinned structure,Alberta-style triangle zone,passive-roof double-thrust structure and fault-bend fold.Furthermore,three rows of anticlinal structure belts in the piedmont zone of the western Kunlun mountain developed from south to north in Early Pliocene,Middle-Late Pliocene and Early-Middle Pleistocene,respectively.On the basis of the foregoing result,a double-decollement plus unidirectional compressing pattern was put forward with respect to the formation of the western Kunlun thrust belt in the southwestern Tarim Basin.A sandbox physical modeling experiment was accordingly designed and carried out.The experimental result indicates that the double-decollement plus unidirectional compressing pattern can be able to better simulate the deformation process and typical structure style of Fusha-Keliyang segment in the western Kunlun thrust belt and the physical simulation fundamentally coincides well with seismic structural interpretation.In addition,both the intensive northward compression created by the lift of the western Kunlun orogenic zone and the double-decollement stratigraphic framework are the two important factors for the formation of Fusha-Keliyang structural segment in the western Kunlun thrust belt.
The establishment of seismic structural models has been great difficulty in the petroleum exploration of southwestern Tarim Basin due to complicated surface conditions.The fine structural interpretation and growth formation analysis of 2D seismic sections in Fusha-Keliyang segment were performed based on outcrop survey,2D seismic data and drilling materials.The result shows that structural types of the western Kunlun foreland thrust belt mainly include thick-skinned structure,Alberta-style triangle zone,passive-roof double-thrust structure and fault-bend fold.Furthermore,three rows of anticlinal structure belts in the piedmont zone of the western Kunlun mountain developed from south to north in Early Pliocene,Middle-Late Pliocene and Early-Middle Pleistocene,respectively.On the basis of the foregoing result,a double-decollement plus unidirectional compressing pattern was put forward with respect to the formation of the western Kunlun thrust belt in the southwestern Tarim Basin.A sandbox physical modeling experiment was accordingly designed and carried out.The experimental result indicates that the double-decollement plus unidirectional compressing pattern can be able to better simulate the deformation process and typical structure style of Fusha-Keliyang segment in the western Kunlun thrust belt and the physical simulation fundamentally coincides well with seismic structural interpretation.In addition,both the intensive northward compression created by the lift of the western Kunlun orogenic zone and the double-decollement stratigraphic framework are the two important factors for the formation of Fusha-Keliyang structural segment in the western Kunlun thrust belt.
引文
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[4]贾承造,宋岩,魏国齐,等.中国中西部前陆盆地的地质特征及油气聚集[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):3-13.Jia Chengzao,Song Yan,Wei Guoqi,et a1.Geological featuresand petroleum accumulation in the foreland basins in central andwestern China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):3-13.
[5]丁道桂,王道轩,刘伟新,等.西昆仑造山带与盆地[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.Ding Daogui,Wang Daoxuan,Liu Weixin,et al.The westernKunlun orogenic belt and basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publish-ing House,1996.
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[7]胡建中,谭应佳,张平,等.塔里木盆地西南缘山前带逆冲推覆构造特征[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):222-231.Hu Jianzhong,Tan Yingjia,Zhang Ping,et a1.Structural featuresof Cenozoic thrust-fault belts in the piedmont of southwesternTarim Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):222-231.
[8]程晓敢,雷刚林,陈汉林,等.西昆仑山前甫沙—克里阳地区新生代变形特征及油气控制作用[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):83-89.Cheng Xiaogan,Lei Ganglin,Chen Hanlin,et al.Cenozoic struc-tural deformation of the Fusha-Keliyang area in the piedmont ofthe western Kunlun mountains and its control on hydrocarbonaccumulation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):83-89.
[9]刘胜,汪新,伍秀芳,等.塔西南山前晚新生代构造生长地层与变形时代[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):24-28.Liu Sheng,Wang Xin,Wu Xiufang,et al.Growth strata and thedeformation time of the late Cenozoic along front belts of Pamir-western Kunlun-southwestern Tianshan in China[J].Acta Petro-lei Sinica,2004,25(5):24-28.
[10]伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):260-271.Wu Xiufang,Liu Sheng,Wang Xin,et al.Analysis on structuralsections in the Cenozoic Pamir-western Kunlun foreland fold-and-thrust belt[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(2):260-271.
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[12]向奎.塔里木盆地西南边缘压扭构造体系及其石油地质意义[J].古地理学报,2006,8(2):233-240.Xiang Kui.Transpressional structural systems and their petrole-um geological significance in southwestern margin of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(2):233-240.
[13]胡望水,陈毓遂,肖安成,等.塔西南坳陷主要断裂带构造特征及其控油作用[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(3):201-207.Hu Wangshui,Chen Yusui,Xiao Ancheng,et al.Structural fea-tures of major fault zones in the southwest depression in TarimBasin and their control on oil accumulation[J].Xinjiang Petrole-um Geology,1997,18(3):201-207.
[14]张玮,漆家福,李勇.塔里木盆地西南缘构造样式及其主导因素[J].地质科学,2011,46(3):723-732.Zhang Wei,Qi Jiafu,Li Yong.Structural styles in south-westernmargin of Tarim Basin and their dominate factors[J].ChineseJournal of Geology,2011,46(3):723-732.
[15]杨海军,王步清,杨芝林,等.塔里木盆地西南坳陷柯东构造建模与油气勘探[J].地质科学,2011,46(2):456-465.Yang Haijun,Wang Buqing,Yang Zhilin,et al.Structure model-ing and hydrocarbon exploration of Kedong structural belt insouthwestern Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2011,46(2):456-465.
[16]梁向豪,罗仁泽,周翼,等.巨厚黄土覆盖区表层地震信号衰减测量[J].天然气技术,2010,4(5):1-3.Liang Xianghao,Luo Renze,Zhou Yi,et al.Measurement of seis-mic signal attenuation for surface in very-thick-loess-covering ar-ea[J].Natural Gas Technolgy,2010,4(5):1-3.
[17]贾承造,张师本,吴绍祖,等.塔里木盆地及周边地层(上、下册)[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.Jia Chengzao,Zhang Shiben,Wu Shaozu,et al.Statigraphy of theTarim Basin and adjacent areas(volume I,II)[M].Beijing:Sci-ence Press,2004.
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