西南印度洋洋中脊热液活动区综合地质地球物理特征
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摘要
西南印度洋洋中脊(SWIR)是超慢速扩张洋脊的代表,是海洋地学研究热点.本文从SWIR多波束水深数据、重、磁数据和地震结构等几方面,阐述了SWIR热液活动区(49°39′E)的综合地质地球物理特征.SWIR热液活动不仅与扩张速率有关,构造作用更是一个重要控制因素;热液活动区位于Indomed和Gallieni转换断层之间,从水深地形上看,该区段洋脊是SWIR上水深最浅的区域之一,水深与MBA存在良好的镜像关系,MBA和RMBA低值意味着较厚的地壳厚度与较高的地幔温度,洋脊段27地壳厚度大于9km,可能是受到Crozet热点的影响;磁条带数据表明,此区段洋脊南北两翼呈不对称扩张,形成南翼的浅离轴域比北翼宽;在洋脊段28发现的活动热液喷口刚好位于热液蚀变形成的低磁强区内,具有良好的硫化物资源.这些认识必将为在该区首次实施的三维地震探测研究的地质地球物理解释及活动热液喷口的动力学机制研究打下坚实基础.
outhwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) is the representative of ultraslow spreading ridges and the key area of marine geological studies.The comprehensive geological and geophysical characteristics of hydrothermal field(49°39′ E) in the SWIR were presented in this paper based on multi-beam bathymetric,gravity,magnetic data,and seismic velocity structure.The frequency of hydrothermal activities at SWIR is not simply related to spreading rate,but also tectonism playing an important role.The hydrothermal field located on the ridge segments between Indomed and Gallieni transform faults,is one of shallowest bathymetric zones where exists a close mirror image relationship between topography and mantle Bouguer anomaly(MBA).The lows of MBA and residual mantle Bouguer anomaly(RMBA) indicate that thicker crust and higher mantle temperature in this area,and the crustal thickness in Segment #27 arrives at 9 km,which may be affected by Crozet hotspot.The banded magnetic anomalies show that the spreading is asymmetric which causing that the domain in the southern flank is wider than in the northern flank.Moreover,the first active vent discovered in Segment #28,is located at the low crustal magnetization zone which indicating good prospect of sulfide resources.The knowledge and ideas will provide a strong foundation for three-dimensional seismic survey firstly implemented in the hydrothermal area of SWIR.
outhwest Indian Ridge(SWIR) is the representative of ultraslow spreading ridges and the key area of marine geological studies.The comprehensive geological and geophysical characteristics of hydrothermal field(49°39′ E) in the SWIR were presented in this paper based on multi-beam bathymetric,gravity,magnetic data,and seismic velocity structure.The frequency of hydrothermal activities at SWIR is not simply related to spreading rate,but also tectonism playing an important role.The hydrothermal field located on the ridge segments between Indomed and Gallieni transform faults,is one of shallowest bathymetric zones where exists a close mirror image relationship between topography and mantle Bouguer anomaly(MBA).The lows of MBA and residual mantle Bouguer anomaly(RMBA) indicate that thicker crust and higher mantle temperature in this area,and the crustal thickness in Segment #27 arrives at 9 km,which may be affected by Crozet hotspot.The banded magnetic anomalies show that the spreading is asymmetric which causing that the domain in the southern flank is wider than in the northern flank.Moreover,the first active vent discovered in Segment #28,is located at the low crustal magnetization zone which indicating good prospect of sulfide resources.The knowledge and ideas will provide a strong foundation for three-dimensional seismic survey firstly implemented in the hydrothermal area of SWIR.
引文
[1]Dick H J B,Lin J,Schouten H.An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge[J].Nature,2003,426(27):405-412.
[2]Bach W,Banerjee N R,Dick H J B,et al.Discovery of ancient and active hydrothermal deposits along the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge10-16°E[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2002,3(7):1044.
[3]Meyzen C M,Toplis M J,Humler E,et al.A discontinuity in mantle composition beneath the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Nature,2003,421:731-733.
[4]Rothe J P.La zone seismique mediane Indo-Atlantique[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A,1954,222(1150):387-397.
[5]Vine F J.Spreading of the ocean floor:New evidence[J].Science,1966,154(3755):1405-1415.
[6]McKenzie D,Sclater J G.The evolution of the Indian Ocean since the Late Cretaceous[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1971,24(5):437-528.
[7]Baker E T,Chen Y J,Jason P M.The relationship between near-axis hydrothermal cooling and the spreading rate of mid-ocean ridges[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1996,142:137-145.
[8]Dick H J B,Schouten H,Meyer P S,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Atlantis II Fracture Zone[J].Proceedings Of ODP Science Research,1991,118:359-398.
[9]Cannat M.Emplacement of mantle rocks in the seafloor at mid-ocean ridges[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98(B3):4163-4172.
[10]Detrick R S,Mutter J C,Buhl P,et al.No evidence from multichannel reflection data for a crustal magma chamber in the MARK area on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Nature,1990,347:61-64.
[11]Sinton J M,Detrick R S.Mid-ocean ridge magma chambers[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97:197-216.
[12]Baker E T,German C R,Elderfield H.Hydrothermal plumes over spreading-center axes:global distributions and geophysical inferences[J].Geophysical Monograph,1995,91:47-71.
[13]German C R,Baker E T,Klinkhammer G.Regional setting of hydrothermal activity[J].Geological Society,1995,87:3-15.
[14]German C R,Baker E T,Mevel C,et al.Hydrothermal activity along the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Nature,1998,395:490-493.
[15]Baker E T,Edmonds H N,Michael P J,el at.Hydrothermal venting in magma desert:the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel and Southwest Indian Ridges[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2004,5(8):Q08002.
[16]Tao C,Lin J,Guo S,et al.First active hydrothermal vents on an ultraslow-spreading center:Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Geology,2012,40(1):47-50.
[17]王婷婷.慢速扩张大洋中脊系统的海洋地壳和岩石圈演化研究[D].北京:北京大学,2011.Wang T T.Constraints on crustal and lithospheric processes at slow-spreading ridges[D].Beijing:Peking University,2011.
[18]Tao C,Wu G,Ni J,et al.New hydrothermal fields found along the SWIR during the legs5-7of the Chinese DY115-20Expedition[J].American Geophysical Union,Fall Meeting,2009,abstract OS21A-1150.
[19]赵明辉,丘学林,李家彪,等.慢速、超慢速扩张洋中脊三维地震结构研究进展与展望[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(6):1-7.Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Li J B,et al.Research development and prospect on three-dimensional seismic structures of slow and ultraslow spreading ocean ridges[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2010,29(6):1-7.
[20]敖威,赵明辉,丘学林,等.西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2982-2991.Ao W,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.The correction of shot and OBS position in the3Dseismic experiment of the SW Indian Ocean Ridge[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2982-2991.
[21]张佳政,赵明辉,丘学林,等.西南印度洋洋中脊热液A区海底地震仪数据处理初步成果[J].热带海洋学报,2012,31(3):1-11.Zhang J Z,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.OBS seismic data processing and preliminary results on the hydrothermal field of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2012,31(3):1-11.
[22]Fisher R L,Goodwillie A M.The physiography of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Marine Geophysical Research,1997,19:451-455.
[23]Muller M R,Minshull T A,White R S.Crustal structure of the Southwest Indian Ridge at the Atlantis II Fracture Zone[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(B11):25809-25828.
[24]Georgen J E,Lin J,Dick H J B.Evidence from gravity anomalies for interactions of the Marion and Bouvet hotspots with the Southwest Indian Ridge:effects of transform offsets[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,187:283-300.
[25]Kurz M D,Roex A P,Dick H J B.Isotope geochemistry of the oceanic mantle near the Bouvet triple junction[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(5):841-852.
[26]Sauter D,Cannat M,Meyzen C,et al.Propagation of a melting anomaly along the ultraslow Southwest Indian Ridge between46°E and52°20′E:interaction with the Crozet hotspot?[J].Geophysical Journal International,2009,179:687-699.
[27]Cannat M,Rommevaux-Jestin C,Sauter D,et al.Formation of the axial relief at the very slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(49°to69°E)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104:22825-22843.
[28]Meyzen C M,Ludden J N,Humler E,et al.New insights into the origin and distribution of the DUPAL isotope anomaly in the Indian Ocean mantle from MORB of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2005,6(11):Q11K11.
[29]Font L,Murton B J,Robert S,et al.Variations in melt productivity and melting conditions along SWIR(70°E-49°E):Evidence from olivine-hosted and plagioclase-hosted melt inclusions[J].Petrology,2007,48(8):1471-1494.
[30]Mendel V,Sauter C,Rommevaux-Jestin P,et al.Magmato-tectonic cyclicity at the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge:Evidence from variations of axial volcanic ridge morphology and abyssal hills pattern[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2003,4:9102.
[31]Purdy G M,Detrick R S.Crustal structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at23°N from seismic refraction studies[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91:3739-3762.
[32]Kuo B Y,Forsyth D W.Gravity anomalies of the ridge-transform system in the South Atlantic between31°and34.5°S:Upwelling centers and variations in crustal thickness[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,1988,10:205-232.
[33]Lin J,Purdy G M,Schouten H,et al.Evidence from gravity data for focused magmatic accretion along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Nature,1990,344:627-632.
[34]Fox P J,Grindlay N R,Macdonald K C,et al.The Mid-Atlantic Ridge(31°-34°S):Temporal and spatial variations of accretionary processes[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,1991,13:1-20.
[35]Grindlay N R,Fox P J,Vogt P R.Morphology and tectonics of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge(25°-27°30′S)from SeaBeam andmagnetic data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,13:21-49.
[36]Wolfe C J,Purdy G M,Toomey D R,et al.Microearthquake characteristics and crustal velocity structure at29°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge:the architecture of a slow spreading ridge[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100:24449-24472.
[37]Parsons B,Sclater J G.An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,82(5):803-827.
[38]Sauter D,Patriat P,Rommevaux-Jestin C,et al.The Southwest Indian Ridge between49°15′E and57°E:focused accretion and magma redistribution[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,192:303-317.
[39]Sandwell D T,Smith W H F.Marine gravity anomaly from Geosat and ERS1satellite altimetry[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B5):10039-10054.
[40]Grindlay N R,Madsen J,Rommevaux-Jestin J,et al.A different pattern of ridge segmentation and mantle Bouguer gravity anomalies along the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(15°30′E to25°E)[J].Earth Planetary Science Letters,1998,161:243-253.
[41]Sauter D,Carton H,Mendel V,et al.Ridge segmentation and the magnetic structure of the Southwest Indian Ridge(at50°30′E,55°30′E and66°20′E):Implications for magmatic processes at ultraslow-spreading centers[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2004,5(5):1-25.
[42]Ade-Hall J M,Palmer H C,Hubbard T P.The magnetic and opaque petrological response of basalts to regional hydrothermal alteration[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1971,24(2):137-174.
[43]Watkins N D,Paster T P.The magnetic properties of igneous rocks from the ocean floor[A].Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society of London Series A,1971,268:507-550.
[44]Zhu J,Lin J,Chen Y S,et al.A reduced crustal magnetization zone near the first observed active hydrothermal vent field on the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2010,37:L18303.
[45]Muller M R,Robinson C J,Minshull R S,et al.Thin crust beneath ocean drilling program borehole735B at the Southwest Indian Ridge?[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997,148:93-107.
[46]Minshull T A,White R S.Thin crust on the flanks of the slow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Geophysical Journal International,1996,125(1):139-148.
[47]Muller M R,Minshull T A,Whiter R S.Segmentation and melt supply at the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Geology,1999,27(10):867-870.
[48]Minshull T A,Muller M R,White R S.Crustal structure of the Southwest Indian Ridge at66°E:seismic constraints[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,166:135-147.
[49]阮爱国,李家彪,陈永顺,等.国产I-4C型OBS在西南印度洋中脊的试验[J].地球物理学报.2010,53(4):1015-1018.Ruan A G,Li J B,Chen Y S,et al.The experiment of broad band I-4C type OBS in the Southwest India ridge[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(4):1015-1018.
[50]郝天珧,游庆瑜.国产海底地震仪研制现状及其在海底结构探测中的应用[J].地球物理学报.2011,54(12):3352-3361.Hao T Y,You Q Y.Progress of homemade OBS and its application on ocean bottom structure survey[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(12):3352-3361.
[51]Chen Y J.Oceanic crustal thickness versus spreading rate[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1992,19(8):753.
[52]Magde L S,Sparks D W,Detrick R S,et al.The relationship between buoyant mantle flow,melt migration,and gravity bull's eyes at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between33°N and35°N[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997,148:59-67.
[2]Bach W,Banerjee N R,Dick H J B,et al.Discovery of ancient and active hydrothermal deposits along the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge10-16°E[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2002,3(7):1044.
[3]Meyzen C M,Toplis M J,Humler E,et al.A discontinuity in mantle composition beneath the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Nature,2003,421:731-733.
[4]Rothe J P.La zone seismique mediane Indo-Atlantique[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A,1954,222(1150):387-397.
[5]Vine F J.Spreading of the ocean floor:New evidence[J].Science,1966,154(3755):1405-1415.
[6]McKenzie D,Sclater J G.The evolution of the Indian Ocean since the Late Cretaceous[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1971,24(5):437-528.
[7]Baker E T,Chen Y J,Jason P M.The relationship between near-axis hydrothermal cooling and the spreading rate of mid-ocean ridges[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1996,142:137-145.
[8]Dick H J B,Schouten H,Meyer P S,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Atlantis II Fracture Zone[J].Proceedings Of ODP Science Research,1991,118:359-398.
[9]Cannat M.Emplacement of mantle rocks in the seafloor at mid-ocean ridges[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98(B3):4163-4172.
[10]Detrick R S,Mutter J C,Buhl P,et al.No evidence from multichannel reflection data for a crustal magma chamber in the MARK area on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Nature,1990,347:61-64.
[11]Sinton J M,Detrick R S.Mid-ocean ridge magma chambers[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97:197-216.
[12]Baker E T,German C R,Elderfield H.Hydrothermal plumes over spreading-center axes:global distributions and geophysical inferences[J].Geophysical Monograph,1995,91:47-71.
[13]German C R,Baker E T,Klinkhammer G.Regional setting of hydrothermal activity[J].Geological Society,1995,87:3-15.
[14]German C R,Baker E T,Mevel C,et al.Hydrothermal activity along the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Nature,1998,395:490-493.
[15]Baker E T,Edmonds H N,Michael P J,el at.Hydrothermal venting in magma desert:the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel and Southwest Indian Ridges[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2004,5(8):Q08002.
[16]Tao C,Lin J,Guo S,et al.First active hydrothermal vents on an ultraslow-spreading center:Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Geology,2012,40(1):47-50.
[17]王婷婷.慢速扩张大洋中脊系统的海洋地壳和岩石圈演化研究[D].北京:北京大学,2011.Wang T T.Constraints on crustal and lithospheric processes at slow-spreading ridges[D].Beijing:Peking University,2011.
[18]Tao C,Wu G,Ni J,et al.New hydrothermal fields found along the SWIR during the legs5-7of the Chinese DY115-20Expedition[J].American Geophysical Union,Fall Meeting,2009,abstract OS21A-1150.
[19]赵明辉,丘学林,李家彪,等.慢速、超慢速扩张洋中脊三维地震结构研究进展与展望[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(6):1-7.Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Li J B,et al.Research development and prospect on three-dimensional seismic structures of slow and ultraslow spreading ocean ridges[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2010,29(6):1-7.
[20]敖威,赵明辉,丘学林,等.西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2982-2991.Ao W,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.The correction of shot and OBS position in the3Dseismic experiment of the SW Indian Ocean Ridge[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2982-2991.
[21]张佳政,赵明辉,丘学林,等.西南印度洋洋中脊热液A区海底地震仪数据处理初步成果[J].热带海洋学报,2012,31(3):1-11.Zhang J Z,Zhao M H,Qiu X L,et al.OBS seismic data processing and preliminary results on the hydrothermal field of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2012,31(3):1-11.
[22]Fisher R L,Goodwillie A M.The physiography of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Marine Geophysical Research,1997,19:451-455.
[23]Muller M R,Minshull T A,White R S.Crustal structure of the Southwest Indian Ridge at the Atlantis II Fracture Zone[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(B11):25809-25828.
[24]Georgen J E,Lin J,Dick H J B.Evidence from gravity anomalies for interactions of the Marion and Bouvet hotspots with the Southwest Indian Ridge:effects of transform offsets[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,187:283-300.
[25]Kurz M D,Roex A P,Dick H J B.Isotope geochemistry of the oceanic mantle near the Bouvet triple junction[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(5):841-852.
[26]Sauter D,Cannat M,Meyzen C,et al.Propagation of a melting anomaly along the ultraslow Southwest Indian Ridge between46°E and52°20′E:interaction with the Crozet hotspot?[J].Geophysical Journal International,2009,179:687-699.
[27]Cannat M,Rommevaux-Jestin C,Sauter D,et al.Formation of the axial relief at the very slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(49°to69°E)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104:22825-22843.
[28]Meyzen C M,Ludden J N,Humler E,et al.New insights into the origin and distribution of the DUPAL isotope anomaly in the Indian Ocean mantle from MORB of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2005,6(11):Q11K11.
[29]Font L,Murton B J,Robert S,et al.Variations in melt productivity and melting conditions along SWIR(70°E-49°E):Evidence from olivine-hosted and plagioclase-hosted melt inclusions[J].Petrology,2007,48(8):1471-1494.
[30]Mendel V,Sauter C,Rommevaux-Jestin P,et al.Magmato-tectonic cyclicity at the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge:Evidence from variations of axial volcanic ridge morphology and abyssal hills pattern[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2003,4:9102.
[31]Purdy G M,Detrick R S.Crustal structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at23°N from seismic refraction studies[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91:3739-3762.
[32]Kuo B Y,Forsyth D W.Gravity anomalies of the ridge-transform system in the South Atlantic between31°and34.5°S:Upwelling centers and variations in crustal thickness[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,1988,10:205-232.
[33]Lin J,Purdy G M,Schouten H,et al.Evidence from gravity data for focused magmatic accretion along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J].Nature,1990,344:627-632.
[34]Fox P J,Grindlay N R,Macdonald K C,et al.The Mid-Atlantic Ridge(31°-34°S):Temporal and spatial variations of accretionary processes[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,1991,13:1-20.
[35]Grindlay N R,Fox P J,Vogt P R.Morphology and tectonics of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge(25°-27°30′S)from SeaBeam andmagnetic data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,13:21-49.
[36]Wolfe C J,Purdy G M,Toomey D R,et al.Microearthquake characteristics and crustal velocity structure at29°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge:the architecture of a slow spreading ridge[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1995,100:24449-24472.
[37]Parsons B,Sclater J G.An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,82(5):803-827.
[38]Sauter D,Patriat P,Rommevaux-Jestin C,et al.The Southwest Indian Ridge between49°15′E and57°E:focused accretion and magma redistribution[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,192:303-317.
[39]Sandwell D T,Smith W H F.Marine gravity anomaly from Geosat and ERS1satellite altimetry[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B5):10039-10054.
[40]Grindlay N R,Madsen J,Rommevaux-Jestin J,et al.A different pattern of ridge segmentation and mantle Bouguer gravity anomalies along the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(15°30′E to25°E)[J].Earth Planetary Science Letters,1998,161:243-253.
[41]Sauter D,Carton H,Mendel V,et al.Ridge segmentation and the magnetic structure of the Southwest Indian Ridge(at50°30′E,55°30′E and66°20′E):Implications for magmatic processes at ultraslow-spreading centers[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2004,5(5):1-25.
[42]Ade-Hall J M,Palmer H C,Hubbard T P.The magnetic and opaque petrological response of basalts to regional hydrothermal alteration[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1971,24(2):137-174.
[43]Watkins N D,Paster T P.The magnetic properties of igneous rocks from the ocean floor[A].Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society of London Series A,1971,268:507-550.
[44]Zhu J,Lin J,Chen Y S,et al.A reduced crustal magnetization zone near the first observed active hydrothermal vent field on the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2010,37:L18303.
[45]Muller M R,Robinson C J,Minshull R S,et al.Thin crust beneath ocean drilling program borehole735B at the Southwest Indian Ridge?[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997,148:93-107.
[46]Minshull T A,White R S.Thin crust on the flanks of the slow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Geophysical Journal International,1996,125(1):139-148.
[47]Muller M R,Minshull T A,Whiter R S.Segmentation and melt supply at the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Geology,1999,27(10):867-870.
[48]Minshull T A,Muller M R,White R S.Crustal structure of the Southwest Indian Ridge at66°E:seismic constraints[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,166:135-147.
[49]阮爱国,李家彪,陈永顺,等.国产I-4C型OBS在西南印度洋中脊的试验[J].地球物理学报.2010,53(4):1015-1018.Ruan A G,Li J B,Chen Y S,et al.The experiment of broad band I-4C type OBS in the Southwest India ridge[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(4):1015-1018.
[50]郝天珧,游庆瑜.国产海底地震仪研制现状及其在海底结构探测中的应用[J].地球物理学报.2011,54(12):3352-3361.Hao T Y,You Q Y.Progress of homemade OBS and its application on ocean bottom structure survey[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(12):3352-3361.
[51]Chen Y J.Oceanic crustal thickness versus spreading rate[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1992,19(8):753.
[52]Magde L S,Sparks D W,Detrick R S,et al.The relationship between buoyant mantle flow,melt migration,and gravity bull's eyes at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between33°N and35°N[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1997,148:59-67.
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