汶川震区典型泥石流动态演变特征研究——以绵竹市走马岭泥石流为例
|
摘要
汶川地震后,流域内产生大量松散物源,使走马岭沟由一季节性冲沟演变为一条潜在泥石流沟,在地震后的3个汛期内发生多次泥石流,并造成灾害,其中以2008-9-24泥石流和2010-8-13泥石流最为严重。本文利用3期遥感影像并结合野外调查,对走马岭沟泥石流的形成条件进行了论述,对比分析了走马岭泥石流沟2008年、2009年、2010年3个汛期后流域的动态变化特征,主要表现为:(1)在不同降雨强度下,走马岭泥石流具有复合型物源区启动方式,并先从局部性支沟发生泥石流,进而演变为整个流域全面暴发泥石流。(2)经历了2008年、2009年、2010年3个雨季后,走马岭流域物源储量及物源供给形式发生变化,其中崩塌规模增加了1.87%;滑坡增加了25.35%;沟道及坡面松散堆积减少了67.47%,减少部分大部分转化为泥石流沟道堆积物。(3)不同降雨强度下,走马岭泥石流堆积区范围边界变化明显,且不同堆积扇间存在叠加关系;结合走马岭"9.24"堆积扇范围和"8.13"堆积扇前缘堆积痕迹及影像特征,推测出走马岭"8.13"堆积扇堆积面积约8.76×104m2。最后对泥石流成因机理及发展趋势进行了初步分析。结果显示,走马岭为一高频泥石流沟,仍具备形成大规模泥石流的条件。
The Zoumaling stream is a typical debris flow gully because of the large numbers of loose geomaterials induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake.Three debris flow events have occurred after the Earthquake,and caused serious property loss.Two typical debris flow events occurred respectively on September 24,2008 and on August 13,2010.This paper combines the RS image and field investigation data.It analyzes the formation conditions of the Zoumaling debris flows,and compares the evolution characters of the gully after three rainy seasons after Wenchuan earthquake using RS image data of 2008,2009 and 2010.The results show that the source initiation of the Zoumaling debris flows with a complex supply process in different rainfall intensity.The debris flow initiation began from the branch gullies,and then evolved into a whole basin debris flow.Secondly,after the three rainy seasons of 2008、2009 and 2010,the source volume and its initiation process is changed.The volume of collapses has increased 1.87%.Landslide has increased 25.35%.Sediment of channels and slopes has reduced 67.47%.Most of these have transformed into debris flow sediments.Thirdly,at different rainfall intensity conditions,the boundary of the Zoumaling deposition area has changed obviously.There is an overlay relation among the deposition fans formed in different rainy seasons.Comparing the deposit extent of the Zoumaling-9.24 and the front edge of the Zoumaling-8.13 deposition fan and using the RS images interpretation,the deposition area of the Zoumaling-8.13 is 8.76×104m2.Finally,this paper analyzes the formation and evolution trend of this debris flow gully.The results show that the Zoumaling is a high frequency debris flow gully.The large amount of loose geomaterials are still distributed in the gully,which is the advantageous factor for large debris flow to occur.
The Zoumaling stream is a typical debris flow gully because of the large numbers of loose geomaterials induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake.Three debris flow events have occurred after the Earthquake,and caused serious property loss.Two typical debris flow events occurred respectively on September 24,2008 and on August 13,2010.This paper combines the RS image and field investigation data.It analyzes the formation conditions of the Zoumaling debris flows,and compares the evolution characters of the gully after three rainy seasons after Wenchuan earthquake using RS image data of 2008,2009 and 2010.The results show that the source initiation of the Zoumaling debris flows with a complex supply process in different rainfall intensity.The debris flow initiation began from the branch gullies,and then evolved into a whole basin debris flow.Secondly,after the three rainy seasons of 2008、2009 and 2010,the source volume and its initiation process is changed.The volume of collapses has increased 1.87%.Landslide has increased 25.35%.Sediment of channels and slopes has reduced 67.47%.Most of these have transformed into debris flow sediments.Thirdly,at different rainfall intensity conditions,the boundary of the Zoumaling deposition area has changed obviously.There is an overlay relation among the deposition fans formed in different rainy seasons.Comparing the deposit extent of the Zoumaling-9.24 and the front edge of the Zoumaling-8.13 deposition fan and using the RS images interpretation,the deposition area of the Zoumaling-8.13 is 8.76×104m2.Finally,this paper analyzes the formation and evolution trend of this debris flow gully.The results show that the Zoumaling is a high frequency debris flow gully.The large amount of loose geomaterials are still distributed in the gully,which is the advantageous factor for large debris flow to occur.
引文
[1]崔鹏,庄建琦,陈兴长,等.汶川地震区震后泥石流活动特征与防治对策[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版)[J],2010,42(5):10～19.Cui Peng,Zhuang Jianqi,Chen Xingchang,et al.Characteristicsand countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after theearthquake.Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science E-dition,2010,42(5):10～19.
[2]倪化勇,郑万模,唐业旗,等.震后泥石流成灾机理与特征初步分析——以绵竹市文家沟泥石流为例.工程地质学报[J].2011,19(2):262～270.Ni Huayong,Zheng Wanmo,Tang Yeqi,et al.Formation and char-acteristics of post-earthquake debris flow:A case study of Wenjia-gully debris flow in Mianzhu county.Journal of Engineering Geolo-gy,2011,19(2):262～270.
[3]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究.工程地质学报[J].2008,16(2):751～758.Tang Chuan,Liang Jingtao.Characteristics of debris flows in Bei-chuan epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake triggered by rainstormon September 24,2008.Journal of Engineering Geology.2008,16(2):751～758.
[4]许强.四川省8.13特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):596～608.Xu Qiang.The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flow in Sichuanprovince:characteristics,genmetic mechanism and suggestions.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):596～608.
[5]余斌,马煜,吴雨夫.汶川地震后四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟泥石流灾害调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):827～836.Yu Bin,Ma Yu,Wu Yufu.Investigation of severe debris flowhazards in Wenjiagou gully of Sichuan province after the Wenchuanearthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):827～836.
[6]马煜,余斌,吴雨夫,张健楠,亓星.四川都江堰龙池“8.13”八一沟大型泥石流灾害研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版).2011,43(增刊):92～98.Ma Yu,Yu Bin,Wu Yufu,Zhang Jiannan,Qi Xing.Research onthe disaster of debris flow of Bayi gully,Longchi,Dujiangyan,Si-chuan on August 13,2010.Journal of Sichuan University:Engi-neering Science Edition,2011,43(supp):92～98.
[7]唐川,李为乐,丁军,黄翔超.汶川震区映秀镇“8.14”特大泥石流灾害调查研究[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2011,36(1):172～180.Tang Chuan,Li Weile,Ding Jun,Huang Xiangchao.Reconnaissance and research on giant debris flow on 14 August2010 in the Yinxiu town,epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(1):172～180.
[8]游勇,柳金峰,陈兴长.“5.12”汶川地震后北川苏保河流域泥石流灾害危害及特征[J].山地学报,2010,28(3):358～366.You Yong,Liu Jinfeng,Chen Xingchang.Debris flow and its char-acteristics of Subao river in Beichuan county after“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Mountain Science,2010,28(3):358～366.
[9]谢洪,钟敦伦,矫震,等.2008年汶川地震重灾区的泥石流[J].山地学报,2009,27(4):501～509.Xie Hong,Zhong Dunlun,Jiao Zhen,et al.Debris flow inWenchuan Quake-hit area in 2008.Journal of Mountain Science,2009,27(4):501～509.
[10]柳金峰,游勇,范建容,等.汶川地震触发潜在性泥石流研究——以岷江上游关山沟为例[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版).2010,41(增刊):70～76.Liu Jinfeng,You Yong,Fan Jianrong,et al.The study on the po-tential debris flow triggered by Wenchuan earthquake:a casestudy of the Guanshan gully in the upper reaches of Minjiang riv-er.Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2010,41(supp):70～76.
[11]唐川.汶川地震区暴雨滑坡泥石流活动趋势预测[J].山地学报,2010,28(3):341～349.Tang Chuan.Activity tendency prediction of rainfall induced land-slides and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake areas.Journalof Mountain Science,2010,28(3):341～349.
[12]唐川,丁军,梁京涛.汶川震区北川县城泥石流源地特征的遥感动态分析.工程地质学报.2010,18(1):1～7.Tang Chuan,Ding Jun,Liang Jingtao.Remote sensing imagesbased observational analysis on characters of debris flow sourceareas in Beichuan county of Wenchuan earthquake epicenter re-gion.Journal of Engineering Geology.2010,18(1):1～7.
[13]重庆蜀通岩土工程有限公司.绵竹市清平乡“8.13”走马岭特大泥石流应急补充勘查报告[R].2010,9.Chongqing ShuTong Geotechnical Engineering Company Limited.Supplemental emergency investigation report of the Zoumaling cat-astrophic debris flows occurred on 13 August 2012 in Qingpingtown of Mianzhu county,2010.9
[14]四川省地质矿产局化探队.1:5万清平幅区域地质调查报告[R].1995.11.Geochemicall Prospecting Team of Sichuan Province.1/50000Qingping Part of Chinese Regional Geological SurveyReport.1995.11.
[2]倪化勇,郑万模,唐业旗,等.震后泥石流成灾机理与特征初步分析——以绵竹市文家沟泥石流为例.工程地质学报[J].2011,19(2):262～270.Ni Huayong,Zheng Wanmo,Tang Yeqi,et al.Formation and char-acteristics of post-earthquake debris flow:A case study of Wenjia-gully debris flow in Mianzhu county.Journal of Engineering Geolo-gy,2011,19(2):262～270.
[3]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究.工程地质学报[J].2008,16(2):751～758.Tang Chuan,Liang Jingtao.Characteristics of debris flows in Bei-chuan epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake triggered by rainstormon September 24,2008.Journal of Engineering Geology.2008,16(2):751～758.
[4]许强.四川省8.13特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):596～608.Xu Qiang.The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flow in Sichuanprovince:characteristics,genmetic mechanism and suggestions.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):596～608.
[5]余斌,马煜,吴雨夫.汶川地震后四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟泥石流灾害调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):827～836.Yu Bin,Ma Yu,Wu Yufu.Investigation of severe debris flowhazards in Wenjiagou gully of Sichuan province after the Wenchuanearthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):827～836.
[6]马煜,余斌,吴雨夫,张健楠,亓星.四川都江堰龙池“8.13”八一沟大型泥石流灾害研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版).2011,43(增刊):92～98.Ma Yu,Yu Bin,Wu Yufu,Zhang Jiannan,Qi Xing.Research onthe disaster of debris flow of Bayi gully,Longchi,Dujiangyan,Si-chuan on August 13,2010.Journal of Sichuan University:Engi-neering Science Edition,2011,43(supp):92～98.
[7]唐川,李为乐,丁军,黄翔超.汶川震区映秀镇“8.14”特大泥石流灾害调查研究[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2011,36(1):172～180.Tang Chuan,Li Weile,Ding Jun,Huang Xiangchao.Reconnaissance and research on giant debris flow on 14 August2010 in the Yinxiu town,epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(1):172～180.
[8]游勇,柳金峰,陈兴长.“5.12”汶川地震后北川苏保河流域泥石流灾害危害及特征[J].山地学报,2010,28(3):358～366.You Yong,Liu Jinfeng,Chen Xingchang.Debris flow and its char-acteristics of Subao river in Beichuan county after“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Mountain Science,2010,28(3):358～366.
[9]谢洪,钟敦伦,矫震,等.2008年汶川地震重灾区的泥石流[J].山地学报,2009,27(4):501～509.Xie Hong,Zhong Dunlun,Jiao Zhen,et al.Debris flow inWenchuan Quake-hit area in 2008.Journal of Mountain Science,2009,27(4):501～509.
[10]柳金峰,游勇,范建容,等.汶川地震触发潜在性泥石流研究——以岷江上游关山沟为例[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版).2010,41(增刊):70～76.Liu Jinfeng,You Yong,Fan Jianrong,et al.The study on the po-tential debris flow triggered by Wenchuan earthquake:a casestudy of the Guanshan gully in the upper reaches of Minjiang riv-er.Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2010,41(supp):70～76.
[11]唐川.汶川地震区暴雨滑坡泥石流活动趋势预测[J].山地学报,2010,28(3):341～349.Tang Chuan.Activity tendency prediction of rainfall induced land-slides and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake areas.Journalof Mountain Science,2010,28(3):341～349.
[12]唐川,丁军,梁京涛.汶川震区北川县城泥石流源地特征的遥感动态分析.工程地质学报.2010,18(1):1～7.Tang Chuan,Ding Jun,Liang Jingtao.Remote sensing imagesbased observational analysis on characters of debris flow sourceareas in Beichuan county of Wenchuan earthquake epicenter re-gion.Journal of Engineering Geology.2010,18(1):1～7.
[13]重庆蜀通岩土工程有限公司.绵竹市清平乡“8.13”走马岭特大泥石流应急补充勘查报告[R].2010,9.Chongqing ShuTong Geotechnical Engineering Company Limited.Supplemental emergency investigation report of the Zoumaling cat-astrophic debris flows occurred on 13 August 2012 in Qingpingtown of Mianzhu county,2010.9
[14]四川省地质矿产局化探队.1:5万清平幅区域地质调查报告[R].1995.11.Geochemicall Prospecting Team of Sichuan Province.1/50000Qingping Part of Chinese Regional Geological SurveyReport.1995.11.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心