频变AVO含气性识别技术研究与应用
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摘要
在常规AVO理论的基础上,频变AVO属性计算方法利用多尺度裂缝介质模型中物性参数具有频变特征的优势,基于Zoeppritz方程建立反射系数与频率之间的数学关系,推导出截距、梯度、碳氢检测因子、流体检测因子、拟泊松比等AVO属性与频率之间的数学关系.应用地震反演方法,综合地质、地震、测井等数据,反演出高精度的频变AVO属性,在天然气敏感属性分析的基础上建立起频变AVO含气性识别技术.将该技术应用到川西新场陆相深层须家河组碎屑岩储层的含气性识别中,在孔隙度通常在1%～4%,渗透率普遍低于0.06×10-3μm2的致密背景下,较准确地预测了孔隙度大于4%、渗透性偏高的富气优质储层分布带,为该区含气性识别难题的解决和钻井成功率的提高,提供了重要的技术支撑.
Based on the theory of conventional AVO technology,the calculation method of frequency dependent AVO attributes takes advantage of physical parameters in multi-scale fracture media model which shows frequency dependent characters,establishes the mathematical relationship between reflection coefficient and frequency,derives the function of AVO attributes such as intercept,gradient,hydrocarbon factor,fluid factor,pseudo-Poisson ratio which are all related with frequency.Using the inversion method and geologic,seismic,and logging data,we obtained frequency dependent AVO attributes with higher precision,developed frequency dependent AVO technology for gas recognition by analysis of gas sensitive attributes.A case study of this technology with seismic data from the deep formation in southwest China provides robust indications for reservoir prediction and gas detection,detected high quality gas reservoir zone with porosity greater than 4%from highly tight rock matrix where the porosity is generally 1~4% and the permeability is generally lower than 0.06×10-3μm2.Practical application of frequency dependent AVO technology provides important technical support for solving the difficult problem of gas recognition and improving logging yield ratio.
Based on the theory of conventional AVO technology,the calculation method of frequency dependent AVO attributes takes advantage of physical parameters in multi-scale fracture media model which shows frequency dependent characters,establishes the mathematical relationship between reflection coefficient and frequency,derives the function of AVO attributes such as intercept,gradient,hydrocarbon factor,fluid factor,pseudo-Poisson ratio which are all related with frequency.Using the inversion method and geologic,seismic,and logging data,we obtained frequency dependent AVO attributes with higher precision,developed frequency dependent AVO technology for gas recognition by analysis of gas sensitive attributes.A case study of this technology with seismic data from the deep formation in southwest China provides robust indications for reservoir prediction and gas detection,detected high quality gas reservoir zone with porosity greater than 4%from highly tight rock matrix where the porosity is generally 1~4% and the permeability is generally lower than 0.06×10-3μm2.Practical application of frequency dependent AVO technology provides important technical support for solving the difficult problem of gas recognition and improving logging yield ratio.
引文
[1]Roden R,Latimer R.An introduction-Rock geophysics/AVO.The Leading Edge,2003,22(10):987-987.
[2]Chopra S,Castagna J P.Introduction to this special section-AVO.The Leading Edge,2007,26(12):1506-1507.
[3]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):902-908.Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,et al.A study on multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(4):902-908.
[4]刘洪林,朱秋影.基于叠前深度偏移的AVO反演及解释.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):905-912.Liu H L,Zhu Q Y.AVO inversion and interpretation basedon prestack depth migration.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(3):905-912.
[5]冯晅,舒梦珵,王兆国等.P-P波和P-SV波联合AVO反演研究.地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1556-1559.Feng X,Shu M C,Wang Z G.Joint AVO inversion using P-P and P-SV seismic data.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2008,23(5):1556-1559.
[6]孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.P-SV波AVO方法研究进展.地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):602-607.Sun P Y,Sun J G,Lu X L.Progress in research on themethod of P-SV wave AVO.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2003,18(4):602-607.
[7]尚永生,杨长春,王真理等.塔里木盆地卡4区块AVO研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1408-1415.Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,et al.AVO research inKa-4region of Tarim basin.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(5):1408-1415.
[8]Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gassands at nonnormal angles of incidence.Geophysics.,Soc.of Exploration Geophysics.,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
[9]Rutherford S R,Williams R H.Amplitude-versus-offsetvariations in gas sands.Geophysics,1989,54(6):680-688.
[10]Castagna J P,Swan H W.Principles of AVO crossplotting.The Leading Edge,1997,16(4):337-341.
[11]Smith G C,Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking for rock propertyestimation and detection of gas.Geophysics.Prospect.,1987,35(9):993-1014.
[12]Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.Detection of gas insandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic casehistory using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,1994,59(9):1362-1376.
[13]Goodway W,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO fluiddetection and lithology discrimination using Lame petrophysicsparameters:"Lamda-Rho","Mu-Rho",&"Lamda/Mu fluidstack",from P and S inversions:67th Annual Internationalmeeting,SEG.Expanded Abstract,1997:183-186.
[14]Gray D.Elastic Inversion for Lame Parameters,72nd AnnualInternational Meeting.SEG.,Expanded Abstract,2002:197-200.
[15]Chapman M.Frequency-dependent anisotropy due to meso-scale fractures in the presence of equant porosity.GeophysicalProspecting,2003,51(5):369-379.
[16]Maultzsch S,Chapman M,Liu E R,et al.Modellingfrequency-dependent seismic anisotropy in fluid-saturatedrock with aligned fractures:implication of fracture sizeestimation from anisotropic measurements.GeophysicalProspecting,2003,51(5):381-392.
[17]Chapman M,Liu E,Li X Y.The influence of abnormallyhigh reservoir attenuation on the AVO signature.TheLeading Edge,2005,24(11):1120-1125.
[18]Chapman M,Liu E R,Li X Y.The influence of fluid-sensitive dispersion and attenuation on AVO analysis.Geophysical Journal International,2006,167(1):89-105.
[19]杨克明.川西坳陷须家河组天然气成藏模式探讨.石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):786-793.Yang K M.Gas reservoiring mode in Xujiahe Formation ofwestern Sichuan depression.Oil&Gas Geology(inChinese),2006,27(6):786-793.
[20]叶军,陈昭国.川西新场大型气田地质特征与预测关键技术.石油与天然气地质,2006,27(3):384-391.Ye J,Chen S G.Geological Characteristics of large Xinchanggas field in western Sichuan depression and key predicationtechnologies.Oil&Gas Geology(in Chinese),2006,27(3):384-391.
[21]程冰洁,徐天吉.地震信号的多尺度频率与吸收属性.新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):314-317.Cheng B J,Xu T J.Multi-scale frequency and absorptionattributes of seismic signals.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),2008,29(3):314-317.
[22]王赟,石瑛,杨德义.弱度比在裂隙含流体检测中的应用.地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1152-1155.Wang Y,Shi Y,Yang D Y.Application of the weaknessratio in fracture medium fluid detection.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1152-1155.
[2]Chopra S,Castagna J P.Introduction to this special section-AVO.The Leading Edge,2007,26(12):1506-1507.
[3]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):902-908.Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,et al.A study on multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(4):902-908.
[4]刘洪林,朱秋影.基于叠前深度偏移的AVO反演及解释.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):905-912.Liu H L,Zhu Q Y.AVO inversion and interpretation basedon prestack depth migration.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(3):905-912.
[5]冯晅,舒梦珵,王兆国等.P-P波和P-SV波联合AVO反演研究.地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1556-1559.Feng X,Shu M C,Wang Z G.Joint AVO inversion using P-P and P-SV seismic data.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2008,23(5):1556-1559.
[6]孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽.P-SV波AVO方法研究进展.地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):602-607.Sun P Y,Sun J G,Lu X L.Progress in research on themethod of P-SV wave AVO.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2003,18(4):602-607.
[7]尚永生,杨长春,王真理等.塔里木盆地卡4区块AVO研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1408-1415.Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,et al.AVO research inKa-4region of Tarim basin.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(5):1408-1415.
[8]Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gassands at nonnormal angles of incidence.Geophysics.,Soc.of Exploration Geophysics.,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
[9]Rutherford S R,Williams R H.Amplitude-versus-offsetvariations in gas sands.Geophysics,1989,54(6):680-688.
[10]Castagna J P,Swan H W.Principles of AVO crossplotting.The Leading Edge,1997,16(4):337-341.
[11]Smith G C,Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking for rock propertyestimation and detection of gas.Geophysics.Prospect.,1987,35(9):993-1014.
[12]Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.Detection of gas insandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic casehistory using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,1994,59(9):1362-1376.
[13]Goodway W,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO fluiddetection and lithology discrimination using Lame petrophysicsparameters:"Lamda-Rho","Mu-Rho",&"Lamda/Mu fluidstack",from P and S inversions:67th Annual Internationalmeeting,SEG.Expanded Abstract,1997:183-186.
[14]Gray D.Elastic Inversion for Lame Parameters,72nd AnnualInternational Meeting.SEG.,Expanded Abstract,2002:197-200.
[15]Chapman M.Frequency-dependent anisotropy due to meso-scale fractures in the presence of equant porosity.GeophysicalProspecting,2003,51(5):369-379.
[16]Maultzsch S,Chapman M,Liu E R,et al.Modellingfrequency-dependent seismic anisotropy in fluid-saturatedrock with aligned fractures:implication of fracture sizeestimation from anisotropic measurements.GeophysicalProspecting,2003,51(5):381-392.
[17]Chapman M,Liu E,Li X Y.The influence of abnormallyhigh reservoir attenuation on the AVO signature.TheLeading Edge,2005,24(11):1120-1125.
[18]Chapman M,Liu E R,Li X Y.The influence of fluid-sensitive dispersion and attenuation on AVO analysis.Geophysical Journal International,2006,167(1):89-105.
[19]杨克明.川西坳陷须家河组天然气成藏模式探讨.石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):786-793.Yang K M.Gas reservoiring mode in Xujiahe Formation ofwestern Sichuan depression.Oil&Gas Geology(inChinese),2006,27(6):786-793.
[20]叶军,陈昭国.川西新场大型气田地质特征与预测关键技术.石油与天然气地质,2006,27(3):384-391.Ye J,Chen S G.Geological Characteristics of large Xinchanggas field in western Sichuan depression and key predicationtechnologies.Oil&Gas Geology(in Chinese),2006,27(3):384-391.
[21]程冰洁,徐天吉.地震信号的多尺度频率与吸收属性.新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):314-317.Cheng B J,Xu T J.Multi-scale frequency and absorptionattributes of seismic signals.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),2008,29(3):314-317.
[22]王赟,石瑛,杨德义.弱度比在裂隙含流体检测中的应用.地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1152-1155.Wang Y,Shi Y,Yang D Y.Application of the weaknessratio in fracture medium fluid detection.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1152-1155.
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