塔中碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体精细成像
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摘要
根据塔中82井区地形起伏较大、各种类型沙丘产生的干扰波发育以及奥陶系碳酸盐储集体埋藏深、纵横向非均质性强的特点,为了提高奥陶系碳酸盐岩内幕成像精度,开展了碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体成像方法研究,建立了一套以高精度静校正技术、地表一致性振幅补偿技术、叠前去噪技术、三维高保真处理技术、叠前子波处理技术、视各向异性动校正技术、三维速度分析技术、三维高精度偏移速度建模技术、三维叠前时间偏移处理技术为基础的碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体精细成像技术方法.塔中82井区三维地震资料的实际应用结果表明,应用所建立技术方法刻画断裂特征更清楚,使绕射波归位更准确,提高了地震资料信噪比和分辨率,为高精度碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测提供了高质量的三维地震资料,为塔中碳酸盐岩400万吨产能建设奠定了良好基础.
In view of the characteristics of the serious topographic relief of the 82 well block in Tazhong area,the developed interference wave created by a variety of dunes and the deep burying and strong heterogeneity vertically and horizontally of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir,we carried out the study of imaging methods to the fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir,establishing a set of fine imaging techniques to it,which is based on the techniques of high accuracy static correlation,surface consistent compensate,prestack noise elimination,3-D Hi-Fi processing,prestack wavelet processing,apparent anisotropy NMO,3-D velocity analysis,3-D high accuracy migration modeling and 3-D prestack time migration.The actual application result indicates that the applying of establishing techniques makes fault depicting more clearly and diffracted wave homing more accurately,improves the SNR and resolution of seismic data,provides the high quality 3-D seismic data for the high accuracy reservoir prediction of fractured-cavernous carbonate,and lays a good foundation for the 4 million tons construction of carbonates in Tazhong area.
In view of the characteristics of the serious topographic relief of the 82 well block in Tazhong area,the developed interference wave created by a variety of dunes and the deep burying and strong heterogeneity vertically and horizontally of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir,we carried out the study of imaging methods to the fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir,establishing a set of fine imaging techniques to it,which is based on the techniques of high accuracy static correlation,surface consistent compensate,prestack noise elimination,3-D Hi-Fi processing,prestack wavelet processing,apparent anisotropy NMO,3-D velocity analysis,3-D high accuracy migration modeling and 3-D prestack time migration.The actual application result indicates that the applying of establishing techniques makes fault depicting more clearly and diffracted wave homing more accurately,improves the SNR and resolution of seismic data,provides the high quality 3-D seismic data for the high accuracy reservoir prediction of fractured-cavernous carbonate,and lays a good foundation for the 4 million tons construction of carbonates in Tazhong area.
引文
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[7]何光明,贺振华,黄德济,王翠华等.叠前时间偏移技术在复杂地区三维资料处理中的应用.天然气工业,2006,26(5):46-48.He G M,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.Application of pre-stacktime migration technology in 3Dseismic processing in complexarea.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2006,26(5):46-48.
[8]樊卫花,杨长春,孙传文等.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):836-842.Fan W H,Yang C C,Sun C W,et al.Application of prestacktime migration for three dimensional seismic data.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3):836-842.
[9]张平平,常旭,桂志先.基于走时的保幅偏移方法.地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1186-1191.Zhang P P,Chang X,Gui Z X.The study on amplitude-preserving migration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1186-1191.
[10]马昭军,唐建明.叠前时间偏移在三维转换波资料处理中的应用.石油物探,2007,47(2):174-180.Ma Z J,Tang J M.Application of pre-stack time migration in3-D converted-wave data.Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),2007,47(2):174-180.
[11]刘定进,印兴耀.共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):492-501.Liu D J,Yin X Y.The method of wave equation preserved-amplitude prestack depth migration for common offsetgathers.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):492-501.
[12]张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1410-1430.Zhang Y.The theory of true amplitude one-way waveequation migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1410-1430.
[13]孙建国.Kirchh off型真振幅偏移与反偏移.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):1-5.Sun J G.Kirchhoff-type true-amplitude migration anddemigration.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(inChinese),2002,25(6):1-5.
[14]张宇,徐升,张关泉等.真振幅全倾角单程波方程偏移方法.石油物探,2007,46(6):582-587.Zhang Y,Xu S,Zhang G Q,et al.True amplitude turning-wave one-way wave equation migration.GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(6):582-587.
[15]Zhu X H,Angstmanz B G,Sixta D P.Overthrust imagingwith tomo-datuming:A case study.Geophysics,1998,63(1):25-38.
[16]Zhang Y,Zhang G Q,Bleistein N.Theory of true-amplitudeone-way wave equations and true-amplitude common-shotmigration.Geophysics,2005,70(4):E1-E10.
[17]Gray S H,Etgen J,Dellinger J,et al.Seismic migrationproblems and solutions.Geophysics,2001,66(5):1622-1640.
[18]孟庆生,楚贤峰,郭秀军等.高分辨率数据处理技术在近海工程地震勘探中的应用.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):1006-1010.Meng Q S,Chu X F,Guo X J,et al.The application of highresolution seismic data processing technique in multi-channelshallow offshore engineering seismic surveys.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3):1006-1010.
[19]叶勇,孙开峰.密点速度分析技术在塔河油田西南部低幅构造中的应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):124-128.Ye Y,Sun K F.Application of high density velocity analysisto low relief structure in the southwest part of Tahe Oilfieid.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):124-128.
[20]刘启凤.地震资料成像和构造成图中速度的分析与应用.江汉石油职工大学学报,2003,17(4):52-54.Liu Q F.Analysis and application of the velocity in imagingof seismic data and mapping of structure.Journal of JianghanPetroleum University of Staff and Workers(in Chinese),2003,17(4):52-54.
[21]张印堂,刘培体.渤深6地区高精度处理技术.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):49-53.Zhang Y T,Liu P T.High-precision processing technology inBoshen 6area.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(1):49-53.
[22]刘国峰,刘洪,王秀闽等.Kirchhoff积分时间偏移的两种走时计算及并行算法.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):131-136.Liu G F,Liu H,Wang X M,et al.Two kinds of travelingtime computation and parallel computing methods of kirchhoffmigration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(1):131-136.
[23]武威,刘洪.大步长单程波算子相位积分实现方式初探.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):137-144.Wu W,Liu H.Preliminary study on the phase integralmethod with a Large step one-way wave operator.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(1):137-144.
[24]薛亚茹,陆文凯,陈小宏等.基于正交多项式变换的CMP动校正道集随机噪声压制.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):159-163.Xue Y R,Lu W K,Chen X H,et al.Random noiseattenuation based on orthogonal polynomials transform forCMP gathers.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(1):159-163.
[25]周怀来,李枚,郑文锋等.基于Curvelet变换的地震资料信噪分离技术.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):620-625,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.033.Zhou H L,Li M,Zheng W F,et al.An approach to signalnoise separation of seismic data based on Curvelet transform.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(2):620-625,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.033.
[26]韩国庆,穆龙新,姜建平.委内瑞拉奥里诺科重油带J区块新老二维地震资料精细匹配处理及构造特征分析.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):238-245.Han G Q,Mu L X,Jiang J P.The subtle matchingprocessing between the new and old 2Dseismic lines and thestructure feature analysis of the block J in the Orinoco heavyoil belt in Venezuela.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(1):238-245.
[2]刘洛夫,李燕,王萍等.塔里木盆地塔中地区Ⅰ号断裂带上奥陶统良里塔格组储集层类型及有利区带预测.古地理学报,2008,10(3):221-230.Liu L F,Li Y,Wang P,et al.Reservoir types and favorableoil-gas exploration zone prediction of the upper ordovicianLianglitage Formation in Tazhong No.1fault belt of TarimBasin.Journal of Palaeogeography(in Chinese),2008,10(3):221-230.
[3]陈利新,杨海军,邬光辉等.塔中Ⅰ号坡折带奥陶系礁滩体油气藏的成藏特点.新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):327-330.Chen L X,Yang H J,Wu G H,et al.Characteristics of theOrdovician reef-shoal reservoir in Tazhong No.1slope-breakzone,Tarim Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),2008,29(3):327-330.
[4]高志前,樊太亮,刘典波等.塔里木盆地塔中南坡台缘带油气成藏条件.石油勘探与开发,2008,35(4):437-443.Gao Z Q,Fan T L,Liu D B,et al.Reservoir-formingconditions of platform margin belt in southern slope ofTazhong,Tarim Basin.Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment(in Chinese),2008,35(4):437-443.
[5]邬光辉,李启明,张宝收等.塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带构造特征及勘探领域.石油学报,2005,26(1):27-37.Wu G H,Li Q M,Zhang B S,et al.Structural characteristicsand exploration fields of No.1faulted slope break in Tazhongarea.Acta Petrolei Sinca(in Chinese),2005,26(1):27-37.
[6]王棣,王华忠,马在田等.叠前时间偏移方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(5):313-316.Wang D,Wang H Z,Ma Z T,et al.Review of prestack timemigration methods.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(inChinese),2004,27(5):313-316.
[7]何光明,贺振华,黄德济,王翠华等.叠前时间偏移技术在复杂地区三维资料处理中的应用.天然气工业,2006,26(5):46-48.He G M,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.Application of pre-stacktime migration technology in 3Dseismic processing in complexarea.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2006,26(5):46-48.
[8]樊卫花,杨长春,孙传文等.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):836-842.Fan W H,Yang C C,Sun C W,et al.Application of prestacktime migration for three dimensional seismic data.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3):836-842.
[9]张平平,常旭,桂志先.基于走时的保幅偏移方法.地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1186-1191.Zhang P P,Chang X,Gui Z X.The study on amplitude-preserving migration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(4):1186-1191.
[10]马昭军,唐建明.叠前时间偏移在三维转换波资料处理中的应用.石油物探,2007,47(2):174-180.Ma Z J,Tang J M.Application of pre-stack time migration in3-D converted-wave data.Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),2007,47(2):174-180.
[11]刘定进,印兴耀.共炮检距道集波动方程保幅叠前深度偏移方法.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):492-501.Liu D J,Yin X Y.The method of wave equation preserved-amplitude prestack depth migration for common offsetgathers.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):492-501.
[12]张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1410-1430.Zhang Y.The theory of true amplitude one-way waveequation migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5):1410-1430.
[13]孙建国.Kirchh off型真振幅偏移与反偏移.勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):1-5.Sun J G.Kirchhoff-type true-amplitude migration anddemigration.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(inChinese),2002,25(6):1-5.
[14]张宇,徐升,张关泉等.真振幅全倾角单程波方程偏移方法.石油物探,2007,46(6):582-587.Zhang Y,Xu S,Zhang G Q,et al.True amplitude turning-wave one-way wave equation migration.GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(6):582-587.
[15]Zhu X H,Angstmanz B G,Sixta D P.Overthrust imagingwith tomo-datuming:A case study.Geophysics,1998,63(1):25-38.
[16]Zhang Y,Zhang G Q,Bleistein N.Theory of true-amplitudeone-way wave equations and true-amplitude common-shotmigration.Geophysics,2005,70(4):E1-E10.
[17]Gray S H,Etgen J,Dellinger J,et al.Seismic migrationproblems and solutions.Geophysics,2001,66(5):1622-1640.
[18]孟庆生,楚贤峰,郭秀军等.高分辨率数据处理技术在近海工程地震勘探中的应用.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):1006-1010.Meng Q S,Chu X F,Guo X J,et al.The application of highresolution seismic data processing technique in multi-channelshallow offshore engineering seismic surveys.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3):1006-1010.
[19]叶勇,孙开峰.密点速度分析技术在塔河油田西南部低幅构造中的应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):124-128.Ye Y,Sun K F.Application of high density velocity analysisto low relief structure in the southwest part of Tahe Oilfieid.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):124-128.
[20]刘启凤.地震资料成像和构造成图中速度的分析与应用.江汉石油职工大学学报,2003,17(4):52-54.Liu Q F.Analysis and application of the velocity in imagingof seismic data and mapping of structure.Journal of JianghanPetroleum University of Staff and Workers(in Chinese),2003,17(4):52-54.
[21]张印堂,刘培体.渤深6地区高精度处理技术.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):49-53.Zhang Y T,Liu P T.High-precision processing technology inBoshen 6area.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(1):49-53.
[22]刘国峰,刘洪,王秀闽等.Kirchhoff积分时间偏移的两种走时计算及并行算法.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):131-136.Liu G F,Liu H,Wang X M,et al.Two kinds of travelingtime computation and parallel computing methods of kirchhoffmigration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(1):131-136.
[23]武威,刘洪.大步长单程波算子相位积分实现方式初探.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):137-144.Wu W,Liu H.Preliminary study on the phase integralmethod with a Large step one-way wave operator.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(1):137-144.
[24]薛亚茹,陆文凯,陈小宏等.基于正交多项式变换的CMP动校正道集随机噪声压制.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):159-163.Xue Y R,Lu W K,Chen X H,et al.Random noiseattenuation based on orthogonal polynomials transform forCMP gathers.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(1):159-163.
[25]周怀来,李枚,郑文锋等.基于Curvelet变换的地震资料信噪分离技术.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):620-625,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.033.Zhou H L,Li M,Zheng W F,et al.An approach to signalnoise separation of seismic data based on Curvelet transform.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(2):620-625,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.033.
[26]韩国庆,穆龙新,姜建平.委内瑞拉奥里诺科重油带J区块新老二维地震资料精细匹配处理及构造特征分析.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):238-245.Han G Q,Mu L X,Jiang J P.The subtle matchingprocessing between the new and old 2Dseismic lines and thestructure feature analysis of the block J in the Orinoco heavyoil belt in Venezuela.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(1):238-245.
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