科里奥利力对断层作用的统计研究
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摘要
首先给出了分解到已知断层面法向和切向上的断层错动科里奥利应力(简称为科里奥利法向应力和切向应力)表达式,然后从哈佛大学矩心矩张量目录中选取主余震资料进行分析,按断层分类研究了科里奥利法向应力和主震震级与其最大余震震级差及主震地震矩与余震地震矩总和之差的折合矩震级间的关系。研究结果显示:地震断层错动过程中虽然产生了使断层两盘相互拉离(或挤压)的科里奥利法向应力,它降低(或增加)了断层错动时断层面上的摩擦阻力,但是应力量值太小(科里奥利法向应力估计最大不到0.1MPa,即不到一个大气压),不足以对断层错动及主震能量释放产生影响,从而影响余震的最大震级和总体水平。
The study first gives the expression for the normal component of fault movement Coriolis stress(normal Coriolis stress for short) to a certain fault plane,and then select the data of mainshock and aftershock from Harvard CMT catalog.Classification study on the normal Coriolis stress is carried out according to the fault types,and the relations between the normal Coriolis stress and the magnitude difference of mainshock and its maximum aftershock,and the converting moment magnitude of the difference of mainshock's moment tensor and the sum of total aftershocks' moment tensor are studied respectively.The results show that tensile(or compression) normal Coriolis stress is generated during the fault slip,which decreases(or increases) the frictional resistance of fault movement.However,the normal Coriolis stress was too small(maximum normal Coriolis stress is not exceeding 0.1MPa,namely not exceed one atmospheric pressure) to affect the fault slip and the energy release of mainshock,and affects the aftershock activity and maximum magnitude of aftershocks.
The study first gives the expression for the normal component of fault movement Coriolis stress(normal Coriolis stress for short) to a certain fault plane,and then select the data of mainshock and aftershock from Harvard CMT catalog.Classification study on the normal Coriolis stress is carried out according to the fault types,and the relations between the normal Coriolis stress and the magnitude difference of mainshock and its maximum aftershock,and the converting moment magnitude of the difference of mainshock's moment tensor and the sum of total aftershocks' moment tensor are studied respectively.The results show that tensile(or compression) normal Coriolis stress is generated during the fault slip,which decreases(or increases) the frictional resistance of fault movement.However,the normal Coriolis stress was too small(maximum normal Coriolis stress is not exceeding 0.1MPa,namely not exceed one atmospheric pressure) to affect the fault slip and the energy release of mainshock,and affects the aftershock activity and maximum magnitude of aftershocks.
引文
陈久宇、林见,1987,观测数据的处理方法,416,上海:上海交通大学出版社。
陈荣华、刘杰,2005,科里奥利力效应与昆仑山口西8.1级地震后两侧地震活动的可能关系,地震,25(3),43～48。
陈运泰、顾浩鼎,1990,震源理论,国家地震局地球物理研究所、中国科学技术大学研究生院,78。
郭安宁,1994,用吴氏网法推求震源地方柯氏力的方向,西北地震学报,16(2),23～28。
郭安宁、陈家超,1998a,科里奥利力效应及对强余震预报方法的研究(一)——预报方法的原理、思路,高原地震,10(2),26～34。
郭安宁、陈家超,1998b,科里奥利力效应及对强余震预报方法的研究(二)——预报方法的验证、准确性分析,高原地震,10(3),23～29。
郭安宁、陈家超,1998c,科里奥利力效应及对强余震预报方法的研究(三)——预报的具体方法步骤及其在烈度区划中的意义,高原地震,10(4),28～34。
郭安宁、陈家超,2002,中国大震问题,121～141,北京:地震出版社。
郭增建、秦保燕、李革平,1992,未来灾害学,北京:地震出版社。
郭增建、吴瑾冰,2001a,用Corioli力讨论台湾南投7.6级大震的余震强度,灾害学,16(1),35～38。
郭增建、吴瑾冰,2001b,断层旋性与地震危险性,地学前缘,8(2),247～252。
吕坚、高建华、刘吉夫等,2003,有关科里奥利力效应与昆仑山口西8.1级地震余震活动趋势的讨论,地震学报,25(4),432～440。
吕坚、张小涛、马广庆等,2006,西部及邻区两次强震序列的震级特征及其力学解释,中国地震,22(4),435～438。
《数学手册》编写组,1977,数学手册,832～837,北京:高等教育出版社。
中国科学院数学研究所数理统计组,1975,回归分析方法,147,北京:科学出版社。
万永革、吴忠良、周公威等,2002,地震静态应力触发模型的全球检验,地震学报,24(3),302～316。
Aki K.,Richards P.G.,1980,Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods,1～2,WHFreeman,San Francisco,932.
Gardner J.K.and Knopoff L.,1974,Isthe sequence of earthquakesin Southern California with aftershocks removed,Poissonian?BullSeismSoc Amer,64,1363～1367.
Hanks T.C.and Kanamori H.,1979,A moment magnitude scale,J Geophys Res,84(B5),2348～2350.
Kanamori H.,1977,The energy release in great earthquakes,J Geophys Res,82,2981～2987.
Kellis-Borok V.I.,Knopoff L.,Rotvain I.M.,Sidorenko T.M.,1980,Burst of seismicity as long term presusors of strongearthquakes,J Geophys Res,85,803～811.
Singh S.K.,Pacheco J.,Ordaz M.,Kostoglodov M.,2000,Source time function and duration of Mexican Earthquakes,Bull SeismSoc Amer,90(2),468～482.
Wan Y.G.,Wu Z.L.and Zhou G.W.,2003,Small stress change triggering a big earthquake:a test of the critical point hypothesisfor earthquake,Chin Phys Lett,20(9),1452～1455.
Wan Y.G.,Wu Z.L.and Zhou G.W.,2004,Focal mechanismdependence of static stresstriggeringof earthquakes,Tectnophysics,390,235～243.
Wells D.L.and Coppersmith K.J.,1994,Newempirical relationships among magnitude,rupturelength,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement,Bull Seismo Soc Amer,84(4),974～1002.
Wiemier S.,2001,Asoftware package to analyze seismicity:ZMAP,Seism.Res.Lett.,72,373～382.
陈荣华、刘杰,2005,科里奥利力效应与昆仑山口西8.1级地震后两侧地震活动的可能关系,地震,25(3),43～48。
陈运泰、顾浩鼎,1990,震源理论,国家地震局地球物理研究所、中国科学技术大学研究生院,78。
郭安宁,1994,用吴氏网法推求震源地方柯氏力的方向,西北地震学报,16(2),23～28。
郭安宁、陈家超,1998a,科里奥利力效应及对强余震预报方法的研究(一)——预报方法的原理、思路,高原地震,10(2),26～34。
郭安宁、陈家超,1998b,科里奥利力效应及对强余震预报方法的研究(二)——预报方法的验证、准确性分析,高原地震,10(3),23～29。
郭安宁、陈家超,1998c,科里奥利力效应及对强余震预报方法的研究(三)——预报的具体方法步骤及其在烈度区划中的意义,高原地震,10(4),28～34。
郭安宁、陈家超,2002,中国大震问题,121～141,北京:地震出版社。
郭增建、秦保燕、李革平,1992,未来灾害学,北京:地震出版社。
郭增建、吴瑾冰,2001a,用Corioli力讨论台湾南投7.6级大震的余震强度,灾害学,16(1),35～38。
郭增建、吴瑾冰,2001b,断层旋性与地震危险性,地学前缘,8(2),247～252。
吕坚、高建华、刘吉夫等,2003,有关科里奥利力效应与昆仑山口西8.1级地震余震活动趋势的讨论,地震学报,25(4),432～440。
吕坚、张小涛、马广庆等,2006,西部及邻区两次强震序列的震级特征及其力学解释,中国地震,22(4),435～438。
《数学手册》编写组,1977,数学手册,832～837,北京:高等教育出版社。
中国科学院数学研究所数理统计组,1975,回归分析方法,147,北京:科学出版社。
万永革、吴忠良、周公威等,2002,地震静态应力触发模型的全球检验,地震学报,24(3),302～316。
Aki K.,Richards P.G.,1980,Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods,1～2,WHFreeman,San Francisco,932.
Gardner J.K.and Knopoff L.,1974,Isthe sequence of earthquakesin Southern California with aftershocks removed,Poissonian?BullSeismSoc Amer,64,1363～1367.
Hanks T.C.and Kanamori H.,1979,A moment magnitude scale,J Geophys Res,84(B5),2348～2350.
Kanamori H.,1977,The energy release in great earthquakes,J Geophys Res,82,2981～2987.
Kellis-Borok V.I.,Knopoff L.,Rotvain I.M.,Sidorenko T.M.,1980,Burst of seismicity as long term presusors of strongearthquakes,J Geophys Res,85,803～811.
Singh S.K.,Pacheco J.,Ordaz M.,Kostoglodov M.,2000,Source time function and duration of Mexican Earthquakes,Bull SeismSoc Amer,90(2),468～482.
Wan Y.G.,Wu Z.L.and Zhou G.W.,2003,Small stress change triggering a big earthquake:a test of the critical point hypothesisfor earthquake,Chin Phys Lett,20(9),1452～1455.
Wan Y.G.,Wu Z.L.and Zhou G.W.,2004,Focal mechanismdependence of static stresstriggeringof earthquakes,Tectnophysics,390,235～243.
Wells D.L.and Coppersmith K.J.,1994,Newempirical relationships among magnitude,rupturelength,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement,Bull Seismo Soc Amer,84(4),974～1002.
Wiemier S.,2001,Asoftware package to analyze seismicity:ZMAP,Seism.Res.Lett.,72,373～382.
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