塔里木盆地三叠系隆后坳陷区层序地层特征
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摘要
为了揭示塔里木盆地三叠系隆后坳陷区层序地层特征,运用层序地层学和沉积学的原理和方法,通过地震、钻测井、岩心及露头等资料的综合分析,建立了三叠系层序地层格架,揭示了研究区三级层序结构特征,提出了隆后坳陷区三级层序发育的主控因素.结果表明:三叠系发育1个构造层序、3个层序组及5个三级层序.每个三级层序之间大多以厚层砂岩与泥岩突变接触,测井曲线上见明显的坎值,地震上削截特征清楚.在三级层序内部结构上底部以粗粒的三角洲相的砂岩、砂砾岩为主,顶部则为细粒的湖相泥质沉积,整体上表现为由粗变细的"二元"结构特征.前陆盆地的幕式构造活动对该层序结构的形成具有明显的控制作用,沉积物的供给则影响了层序内部沉积特征及叠置样式,而气候不仅影响沉积物的类型,还可以通过控制降雨和植被发育来引起湖平面的变化从而影响层序的发育.
In order to reveal the sequence stratigraphic characteristics of Triassic back-bulge zone in Tarim basin,the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology was used to establish the sequence stratigraphic framework and reveal the sequence stratigraphic characteristics by comprehensive analysis of seismic data,well logging,cores and outcroppings.Besides,the study proposed the main controlling factors which influence third-order sequence development.The results show that Triassic can be divided into one tectonic sequence,three sequence sets and five three-order sequences.The boundary between each three-order sequence is abruptly contacted by thick sandstone and mudstone,with obvious scarp on logging and truncation on seismic profiles respectively.Internally,the lower part of each three-order sequence mainly consists of coarse delta sandstone or sandy conglomerate,while the upper part is composed of fine muddy deposits.On the whole,it shows a dual structure that changes from coarsing one to fining one.The episodic tectonic activities of foreland basin predominantly control the formation of such sequence structure.Simultaneously,the sediment supply influences its internal sedimentary characteristics and superimposed styles.And the climate affects not only the types of deposits,but also the sequence development through dominating raining and vegetation to cause lake level change.
In order to reveal the sequence stratigraphic characteristics of Triassic back-bulge zone in Tarim basin,the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology was used to establish the sequence stratigraphic framework and reveal the sequence stratigraphic characteristics by comprehensive analysis of seismic data,well logging,cores and outcroppings.Besides,the study proposed the main controlling factors which influence third-order sequence development.The results show that Triassic can be divided into one tectonic sequence,three sequence sets and five three-order sequences.The boundary between each three-order sequence is abruptly contacted by thick sandstone and mudstone,with obvious scarp on logging and truncation on seismic profiles respectively.Internally,the lower part of each three-order sequence mainly consists of coarse delta sandstone or sandy conglomerate,while the upper part is composed of fine muddy deposits.On the whole,it shows a dual structure that changes from coarsing one to fining one.The episodic tectonic activities of foreland basin predominantly control the formation of such sequence structure.Simultaneously,the sediment supply influences its internal sedimentary characteristics and superimposed styles.And the climate affects not only the types of deposits,but also the sequence development through dominating raining and vegetation to cause lake level change.
引文
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[11]吕雪雁,朱筱敏,申银民,等.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系层序地层研究和有利勘探区预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):32-35.LYU Xue-yan,ZHU Xiao-min,SHEN Yin-ming,et al.The Triassic sequence stratigraphy and the prediction of the favourable exploration targets in Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):32-35.
[12]王家豪,陈红汉,云露,等.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠纪大型挤压坳陷湖盆层序地层及构造响应[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):735-742.WANG Jia-hao,CHEN Hong-han,YUN Lu,et al.Tectonic responses of Triassic sequence stratigraphy in the large-scale compressional down-warped lacustrine basin of inner Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geoscience,2012,37(4):735-742.
[13]高迪,邵龙义,李柱.三江盆地早白垩世层序古地理与聚煤作用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(5):746-752.GAO Di,SHAO Long-yi,LI Zhu.Sequence paleogeography and coal accumulation of Early Cretaceous in Sanjiang basin,northeastern China[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(6):46-752.
[14]严德天,王华,王家豪,等.黄骅坳陷沙河街组层序地层样式及隐蔽圈闭预测[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(1):30-36.YAN De-tian,WANG Hua,WANG Jia-hao,et al.Sequence stratigraphic pattern and forecast of subtle reservoir of the Shahejie Formation in Huang hua depression[J].Journal of China University o f Mining&Technology,2008,37(1):30-36.
[15]杨波,辛仁臣,贾近华.塔里木盆地巴楚组层序地层及沉积演化[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(2):242-255.YANG Bo,XIN Ren-chen,JIA Jin-hua.Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of Bachu formation in Tarim basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(2):242-255.
[16]李思田,杨士恭,林畅松.论沉积盆地的等时地层格架和基本建造单元[J].沉积学报,1992,10(4):11-22.LI Si-tian,YANG Shi-gong,LIN Chang-song.On the chronostratigraphic framework and basic building blocks of sedimentary basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1992,10(4):11-22.
[17]王英民.对层序地层学工业化应用中层序分级混乱问题的探讨[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):9-15.WANG Ying-min.Analysis of the mess in sequence hierarchy applied in the industrialized application of the sequence stratigraphy[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(1):9-15.
[18]王招明,钟端,赵培荣,等.库车前陆盆地露头区油气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:1-47.
[19]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64 -77.HE Deng-fa,JIA Cheng-zao,LI De-sheng,et al.Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77 .
[20]纪友亮,安爱琴,朱如凯.陆相前陆盆地层序结构特征研究:以准噶尔南缘晚期前陆盆地为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):237-243.JI You-liang,AN Ai-qin,ZHU Ru-kai.Research on sequence architectures of continental foreland basins:a case study of the late stage of the southern Junggar foreland basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(2):237-243.
[21]林畅松,刘景彦,张英志,等.构造活动盆地的层序地层与构造地层分析:以中国中、新生代构造活动湖盆分析为例[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):365-374.LIN Chang-song,LIU Jing-yan,ZHANG Ying-zhi,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and tectono-stratigraphic analysis of tectonically active basin:a case study on the Cenozoic-Mesozoic lacustrine basins in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):365-374.
[22]黄克难,詹家祯,邹义声,等.新疆库车河地区三叠系和侏罗系沉积环境及古气候[J].古地理学报,2003,5 (2):197-208.HUANG Ke-nan,ZHAN Jia-zhen,ZOU Yi-sheng,et al.Sedimentary environments and palaeoclimate of the Triassic and Jurassic in Kuqa River area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(2):197-208.
[2]HERRO A,GAVILAN G A,COLMENERO J R.Depositional sequences in a foreland basin(northwestern domain of the continental Duero basin,Spain[J].Sedimentary Geology,2010,223:235-264.
[3]YANG Yong-tai.Tectonically-driven underfilledoverfilled cycles,the middle Cretaceous in the northern Cordilleran foreland basin[J].Sedimentary Geology,2011,233:15-27.
[4]GUGLIOTTA C.Inner vs.outer wedge-top depozone“sequences”in the late Miocene(late Tortonian-early Messinian)Sicilian foreland basin system;new data from Terravecchia formation of NW Sicily[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2012,55:41-55.
[5]林畅松,刘景彦,张燕梅,等.库车坳陷第三系构造层序的构成特征及其对前陆构造作用的响应[J].中国科学:D辑,2002,25(3):176-183.LIN Chang-song,LIU Jing-yan,ZHANG Yan-mei,et al.Depositional architecture of the tertiary tectonic sequences and their response to foreland tectonism in the Kuqa depression,the Tarim basin[J].China Science:D series,2002,25(3):176-183.
[6]严德天,王华,王家豪,等.库车前陆盆地白垩系层序地层样式及控制因素分析[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):11-15YAN De-tian,WANG Hua,WANG Jia-hao,et al.Analysis of the Cretaceous sequence stratigraphic pattern and controlling factors in Kuna foreland basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(6):11-15.
[7]陈留勤,霍荣,段凯波,等.川北前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组陆相层序地层[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(3):600-611.CHEN Liu-qin,HUO Rong,DUAN Kai-bo,et al.Continental sequence stratigraphic research of the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,northern Sichuan foreland basin,China[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2012,42(3):600-611.
[8]DECELLES P G,GILES K A.Foreland basin systems[J].Basin Research,1996,8(2):105-123.
[9]贾承造.塔里木盆地中新生代构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:1-60.
[10]郭建华,刘辰生,朱锐.阿克库勒地区三叠系层序地层学及储集砂体成因类型[J].沉积学报,2007,25(2):169-176.GUO Jian-hua,LIU Chen-sheng,ZHU Rui.Sequence stratigraphy and sandbody genetic types of Triassic system in Akekule area[J].Acta Sedimentary Sinica,2007,25(2):169-176.
[11]吕雪雁,朱筱敏,申银民,等.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系层序地层研究和有利勘探区预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):32-35.LYU Xue-yan,ZHU Xiao-min,SHEN Yin-ming,et al.The Triassic sequence stratigraphy and the prediction of the favourable exploration targets in Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):32-35.
[12]王家豪,陈红汉,云露,等.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠纪大型挤压坳陷湖盆层序地层及构造响应[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):735-742.WANG Jia-hao,CHEN Hong-han,YUN Lu,et al.Tectonic responses of Triassic sequence stratigraphy in the large-scale compressional down-warped lacustrine basin of inner Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geoscience,2012,37(4):735-742.
[13]高迪,邵龙义,李柱.三江盆地早白垩世层序古地理与聚煤作用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(5):746-752.GAO Di,SHAO Long-yi,LI Zhu.Sequence paleogeography and coal accumulation of Early Cretaceous in Sanjiang basin,northeastern China[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(6):46-752.
[14]严德天,王华,王家豪,等.黄骅坳陷沙河街组层序地层样式及隐蔽圈闭预测[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(1):30-36.YAN De-tian,WANG Hua,WANG Jia-hao,et al.Sequence stratigraphic pattern and forecast of subtle reservoir of the Shahejie Formation in Huang hua depression[J].Journal of China University o f Mining&Technology,2008,37(1):30-36.
[15]杨波,辛仁臣,贾近华.塔里木盆地巴楚组层序地层及沉积演化[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(2):242-255.YANG Bo,XIN Ren-chen,JIA Jin-hua.Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of Bachu formation in Tarim basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(2):242-255.
[16]李思田,杨士恭,林畅松.论沉积盆地的等时地层格架和基本建造单元[J].沉积学报,1992,10(4):11-22.LI Si-tian,YANG Shi-gong,LIN Chang-song.On the chronostratigraphic framework and basic building blocks of sedimentary basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1992,10(4):11-22.
[17]王英民.对层序地层学工业化应用中层序分级混乱问题的探讨[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):9-15.WANG Ying-min.Analysis of the mess in sequence hierarchy applied in the industrialized application of the sequence stratigraphy[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(1):9-15.
[18]王招明,钟端,赵培荣,等.库车前陆盆地露头区油气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:1-47.
[19]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64 -77.HE Deng-fa,JIA Cheng-zao,LI De-sheng,et al.Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77 .
[20]纪友亮,安爱琴,朱如凯.陆相前陆盆地层序结构特征研究:以准噶尔南缘晚期前陆盆地为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):237-243.JI You-liang,AN Ai-qin,ZHU Ru-kai.Research on sequence architectures of continental foreland basins:a case study of the late stage of the southern Junggar foreland basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(2):237-243.
[21]林畅松,刘景彦,张英志,等.构造活动盆地的层序地层与构造地层分析:以中国中、新生代构造活动湖盆分析为例[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):365-374.LIN Chang-song,LIU Jing-yan,ZHANG Ying-zhi,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and tectono-stratigraphic analysis of tectonically active basin:a case study on the Cenozoic-Mesozoic lacustrine basins in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):365-374.
[22]黄克难,詹家祯,邹义声,等.新疆库车河地区三叠系和侏罗系沉积环境及古气候[J].古地理学报,2003,5 (2):197-208.HUANG Ke-nan,ZHAN Jia-zhen,ZOU Yi-sheng,et al.Sedimentary environments and palaeoclimate of the Triassic and Jurassic in Kuqa River area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(2):197-208.
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